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60 a';wef;nm(&ckdif&Gm)

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87 a*:'l&txuf&Gm tdrfajc 25

88 a*:'l& atmuf&Gm tdrfajc 65


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90 w&drf;&Gm tdrfajc 150

91 wifom&&Gm tdrfajc 25

92 oJacsmif;&Gm tdrfajc 65

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98 a&aemufig;om;&Gm tdrfajc 20

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bmomvdkYawmif r,lqygbl;/

EdkifiHa&;0g' wpfckrQomjzpfNyD;

vlawGukdt"r®xdef;csKyfxm;wm

jzpfygw,f/

aemifw& 0rf;enf;rdygw,f/ t,f*sm;ZD;&m;½kyfoHu tMurf;zuf0g'

orm; usyfrjynfhwJh armfv0Dq&m Al-Qaradhiwi &JU tMurf;zuf0g'

vrf;nTefcsufawGESifh ol&JU uRefrtay: aoG;½l;aoG;wef; wkdufcdkufrI

awGukd MunfhMunfhkvkdufyg/ EdkYeHYawmif rpifao;wJh rGwfpvifuav;

av;awGudk ajr§mufay;aewmukd awGUMu&rSmyg/ tJh'Duav;awGukd

OD;aESmufrJh rsufuef;,kHMunfwwfatmifESifh tMurf;zuf0g'ukdacgif;

xJ pGJNrJoGm;atmif oHrIdESifh½kdufoGif;aewmyg/

uRefr 'Dvdkajym&wm[m tpövmrfu ]rdef;rawG[m csKdUwJh

tm;enf;olawG} vdkYqdkxm;vdkY 'gukd ckcHacsywmyg/ tpövmrfu

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'gudk vufrcHbl;/ 'gaMumifh tckvdk acsy&ygw,f/ uRefru

tpövmrfbmomukd wkdufcdkufwm r[kwfygbl;/ trSefw&m;twGuf

a0zefqef;ppfwmoufoufygyJ/ qdk;wmwpfcku uRefrwdkY[m tpövmrf

0g' BuD;xGm;a&;twGuf taESmifht,Suf? twm;tqD;vdkY oabmxm;

cH&wmygyJ/ wu,fuawmh a0zefqef;ppfrIudk wdkufcdkufrIvdkY ajym

aeMuwmyg/ uRefru tpövmrfqdkwJh pum;vkH;&JUt"dyÜg,fudk t"du

vkdYudk r&wJhvkyf&yfawGudk vkyfcJholqdkwmukd jrifEkdifygw,f/ Oyrm

rkd[mrufu Asmaabint Marwam (tpörm;bifhrm;0rf) qdkwJh

trsdK;orD;udk owfjzwfcJhyHkudk avhvmMunfhvkdufyg/ rkd[mruf

udk,fwkdifESifh olUaemufvkdufawGu tJ'DtrsdK;orD;&JUudk,fcE¨mudkwppD

jzpfatmif qGJNzJMuw,f/

wd&dpämefwpfaumifudk owfovdkrsdK; t½dk;awGukdwpfacsmif;

NyD; wpfacsmif; qGJEIwfypfvkdufMuw,f/ vludk trJzsufovdk zsufvdkY

tNyD;rSm Allah Akabaar (tv’m[ft&SifawmfjrwfomvQif tBuD;

us,fqHk; tjrifhjrwfqHk;) vkdY atmf[pfMuw,f/ ukd,fhpdwfeJU tcefY

roifhwmav;wpfck? udk,fESifh pdwfoabmxm;av; rwkdufqkdifwm&Sd

wmav;wpfckwnf;ESifh tJ'Dvkd&uf&ufpufpuf owf&ufMuowJh/

tJ'DvkdowfMuwmudkvnf; bmr[kwfwJh arharhaysmufaysmufudpö?

tao;tzGJUudpöav;vdk oabmxm;EkdifMuowJh/ tJ'gyJ wrefawmf

rkd[mrufqkdwm/

rdk[mruf&JU tJh'Dvdkvkyf&yfawGukd usrf;pmxJrSmzwfvkduf&NyD;

wJhtcg uRefrwpfcgu rGwfpvifwpfa,mufjzpfcJhzl;wmudk tvGefyJ

avhvmaewmyg/ tJh'Dpum;vkH;u tEIwfvu©PmaqmifaewJh

pum;vkH;yg/ tMurf;zufaom? a'go? trkef;w&m;awGESifh jynfh

ESufaeaom? ukd,fhtcsif;csif;vnf; &ufpuf,kwfrm umrjyKusifh

aom qdkwJht&mtm;vkH;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKwJhpum;vkH;yg/

pdwfynmt& vlwpfa,muf&JUb0rSm tEIwfvu©Pmaqmif

wJhpdwf,kwfawGESifh zkH;vTrf;aecJhvQif ol[m tzsuform; pdwf"mwf&Sd

aom? rqifrjcifESifh pdwf*PmrNidrfjzpfwwfwJhoabm? t&m&mukd

bmaumif;usKd;rSrjzpfapbJ tqkd;ukdom OD;wnfvkyfwwfaom vl

wpfa,muftjzpf ay:vGifvmygr,f/ tu,fírsm; ol[mtaygif;

vu©PmaqmifwJhpdwfaumif;&SdcJhvQif tjyKoabmaqmifaom?aumif;

usKd;jyKaomtvkyfawG vkyfwwfaom? aumif;usKd;jyKaom? aysmf&TifwJh

pum;awGajymwwfaomoltjzpf ay:vGifvmygr,f/ tpövmrf

bmom[m tEIwfvu©PmaqmifwJhpum;awGESifhtwl usqkH;oGm;rSm

jzpfygw,f/ tpövmrf[m tEIwfvu©PmawGukd xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;

aecJhygw,f/ tpövmrfvlYtzGJYtpnf;awGudk avhvmMunfhvQif tJh'D

tEIwfvu©PmaqmifwJh vlawG&JUvkyf&yfawGudk ay:vGifxif&Sm;pGm

awGUEdkifygw,f/

uRefrtaeESifh bmoma&;½Iaxmifhtjrifu qef;ppfMunfh

vQif tpövmrfbmomukd bmomvdkYawmif r,lqygbl;/ EdkifiHa&;0g'

wpfckrQomjzpfNyD; vlawGukd t"r®xdef;csKyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/b,f

0g'yJjzpfjzpf rdrd0g'ukd r,kHMunfoljzpf&if owfjzwfypf&r,fvdkYajym

wm[m bmomw&m;r[kwfygbl;/ tJh'g[m t<uif;rJhtmPm&Sifpepf

wkdU&JUvkyf&yfom jzpfygw,f/ uk&ftmefusrf;xJu wpfydk'frSm tdrf

axmifa&; azmufjyefol a,mufsm;a&m? rdef;rukdyg Budrf'Pftcsuf

100pD ½dkuf&r,f? oem;n§mwmzdkY rvkdbl;vdkY ajymxm;ygw,f/

vufpm;acswJhykHpHESifh tjypfay;wm[m bmomw&m;[kwfyg&JUvm;/

,kHMunfukd;uG,frIqkdwm cGifhvTwfrI? n§mwmrI? udk,fcsif;pmrIawGyJ

&Sd&ygr,f/ tpövmrfESifhEIdif;pmvQif c&pf,mefu Nidrf;csrf;a&;vrf;pOf

ykdusw,fvkdY jrifygw,f/ a,½Iu "m;rudkifygbl;/ acgif;vJ rjzwf

ygbl;/ t,lrwlolukdvnf; pGyfpGJjypfwifrI rvkyfygbl;/ jyóemu

awmh tpövmrfbmomomvQifyg/

rdk[mrufpum;ukd ,kHpm;rdvQifawmh vlYavmuBuD;[m

tr,fbkwf&JU olYcsnfcifvdkjzpfvmNyD; aemufqkH;rSm tdkprmbifvm'if

vkdyJ tpGef;a&mufvmrSmyg/ wrefawmfrdk[mruf&JU b0ukdzwfMunfh

vQif cifAsm;bmawGawGY&rvJ/ vk,ufwkdufcdkufrIawG&,f? olrdef;r

awG trsm;BuD;,lwJhtaMumif;&,fyJawGY&ygr,f/ wcsKdUtcsufawGqdk

vQif cifAsm;]zsm;}oGm;r,f/ ]]rdef;rawG&JU edAÁmef[m olra,mufsm;&JU

ajcz0g;atmufrSm&Sdw,f}} qdkjyD; rdk[mrufu ajymcJhw,fav/

rGwfpvifwpfa,muf&JUb0[m b,favmufawmifaMumufzdkYaumif;

ygovJ/ rGwfpvifawG&JU b0udk ajymif;vJypfr,fqdk&if olwkdU&JU

OD;aESmuf (todÚmPf)udk zGifhay;&rSmyg/ b0ukd Ncdrf;ajcmufaewJh

uifqmqJvfawGudk OD;aPSmufuae cGJpdyfNyD; xkwfypf&ygr,f/

tpövmrf[m uifqmqJvf

awG jzpfygw,f/

(azmfjyyg tawG;

tjrifrsm;onf rlpvifwpfOD;

jzpfcJhol tm&yf-tar&duef

ujym; pdwfa&m*gukynm&Sif

0gzmqlvfwef&JU t,f[m,uf

wDAGD ½kyfoHvdkif; (qdkufy&yf)

rS xkwfvTifhajymMum;csufrsm;

udk jrefrmbmom jyefqdkxm;

jcif;jzpfygonf/ -zsmykHe'D)

tkdtkdifpDonf vlrsdK;wHk;owfjzwfrIudk

vkyfaqmifcJhaomrnfonfh

tpövmrfEdkifiHrqdk

tumtuG,fjyK&eftzGJU\tiftm;udk

rMumcPtoHk;csMuonf/

xdkUtwl tkdtkdifpD taejzifh

&ckdifjynfe,fudk rGwfpvifrsm;

atmifjrifpGmodrf;ydkufEkdifa&;twGuf

pDrHudef;cs aqmif&Gufaejcif;om...

tpövmrfEkdifiHrsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJU (OIC) udk

tpövmrf bmom0ifEkdifiHaygif; (57)EdkifiH (trSefrSm tpövmrfbmom

0if (56) EdkifiHESifh ygvufpwkdif;wdkY jzpfonf) jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onf/

wpfcgwpf&HwGif ¤if;tzGJU0ifEkdifiH ta&twGuf rsm;jym;rIaMumifh

tkdtkdifpDonf vlUtcGifhta&;rSpí pD;yGm;a&;tqHk;? ynma&;rSpí

tMurf;zuf0g'tqHk; udpö&yfwkdif;eD;yg;wGif rGwfpvifr[kwfaom

urÇmtkyfpkudk qefYusifaom pkpnf;nDnGwfonfh tpövmrfwyfOD;udk

ykdrdkwkd;wufaumif;rGefvmatmif tqifhjr§ifhwifh&if; (txl;ojzifh

ukvor*¾tzGJUBuD;twGif;wGif) jyif;xefNyD; trsm;tm;jzifh rvkdvm;

tyfaom vTrf;rdk;rI &Sdaeonf/

okdYaomf tkdtkdifpD\t"dutaMumif;&if;rSm tkdtkdifpDtae

jzifh b*FgvDrGwfpvifrsm; (The Bengali Muslims) onf &cdkifajrudk

ydkifqkdifolrsm;jzpfaMumif; aumufcsufqGJMurnfjzpfaomaMumifh jzpf

onf/ (¤if;tzGJUtpnf;taejzifh xdkodkYaumufcsufqGJcJh? aumufcsuf

qGJqJyifjzpfonf/) xkdYjyif tkdtkdifpDtzGJUonf &ckdifvlrsdK;wdkY\

pum;oHrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKrnf r[kwfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

tkdtkdifpDtzGJU\orkdif;aMumif;wpfavQmufwGif Ekduf*sD;&D;,m;ESifh

tD*spfEkdifiHwkdYrS c&pf,mefrsm;udk tpkvkduftNyHKvdkufowfjzwfrIrsm;?

xdkif;awmifydkif;rS Ak'¨bmom0if(5000)udk owfjzwfcJhrI? ql'ef

EdkifiHu usL;vGefcJhaom rsdK;wHk;owfjzwfrI ponfwkdYESifhywfoufí

tkdtkdifpDu b,fwkef;urS r½IwfcscJhbl;ay/

trSefrSm tkdtkdifpDonf vlrsdK;wHk;owfjzwfrI (genocide)udk

vkyfaqmifcJhaomtpövmrfEdkifiH (ql'efEkdifiH)? rGwfpvifr[kwfolrsm;

(Non muslims) udk zdESdyftMurf;zufcJhMuaom tpövmrfEkdifiHrsm;

(Ekduf*sD;&D;,m;?tD*spf? tD&ef? ygupöwef?b*Fvm;a'h&SfpaomEkdifiHrsm;)?

*sL; vlrsdK;rsm;udk rsdK;wHk;owfjzwf&ef Ncdrf;ajcmufaeaomtpövmrfEkdifiH

rsm; (tD&ef? [ufZbkdvm? [m;rm;pf EkdifiHrsm;) paom rnfonfh

tpövmrfEdkifiHrqdk tumtuG,fjyK&ef tzGJU\tiftm;udk rMumcP

toHk;csMuonf/ xdkUtwl tkdtkdifpDtaejzifh &ckdifjynfe,fudk

rGwfpvifrsm; atmifjrifpGm odrf;ydkufEkdifa&;twGuf pDrHudef;cs

aqmif&Gufaejcif;om jzpfonf/

&ckdifjynfe,fudk odrf;ykdufEkdifa&;BudK;yrf;rIudk tkdtkdifpDu

ppfa&;t&aomfvnf;aumif;? aiGaMu;t&aomfvnf;aumif;axmufyHh

ay;vsuf&Sdonf/ xdkrQomru rSefuefaomtcsufrsm;[kqkdMuaom

taMumif;t&mrsm;udk vkyfBuHzefwD;Muonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;udk

qefYusifaomt,ltqrsm;jzifh aoG;xdk;vHIUaqmfMuonf/ trSefw&m;

ESifh ywfoufí BudK;udkifrI? yHkoP²mefysuf,Gif;atmif vkyfaqmifrIwkdY

tay: tajccHí trkef;w&m;jynfhaeaoma'gopdwfESifh aygufuGJrIwkdY

udk rD;avmif&mavyifhvnf; vkyfaqmifMuao;onf/

tkdtkdifpDtzGJUESifh ywfoufaom &,fp&mjyufvHk;uvnf;

rw&m;&musaeí tvGefpdwfqkd;zG,f&m jzpfonf/ jrefrmtpdk;&u

]½dk[if*sm} [kac:Muaom b*FgvDvlrsdK;rsm;twGuf EkdifiHom;jzpfcGifh

tygt0iftajccHusaomEkdifiHom;tcGifhta&;udk jiif;qkdaepOfwGif

¤if;tkdtkdifpDtzGJU0ifEkdifiHrsm;taejzifh (olwkdYwGif vlYtcGifhta&;[lí

&SdcJhonfqkdOD;awmh) rGwfpvifr[kwfol EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: onf;cH

EkdifrIvnf; r&Sd? av;pm;rIvnf; ewdå? jynfolYtcGifhta&;ESifh

vUltcGifhta&;qkdvQif a0;vma0;yif jzpfawmhonf/ avSmifajymif

csifzG,fjzpfaomtcsufrSm &ckdifjynfe,fESifh e,fedrdwfxdpyfaeaom

EkdifiHjzpfonfh b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwGif rGwfpvifvlrsm;pku Ak'¨

bmom0ifvlenf;pktay: BuD;rm;pGm cGJjcm;qufqHrI? onf;rcHEkdifrI

ESifh tMurf;zufrI [laom udpö&yfrsm;udk tkdtkdifpDtzGJUtaejzifh

t&dyft>rufrQyif rajymqdk? rxdef;uGyf? rajz&Sif;ay;cJhbl;ay/

tu,fí aqmf'Dtma&;bD;,m;? tD&ef? *gZmESifh tjcm;

aom tvm;wlae&mrsm;wGif Ak'bmomausmif;wpfausmif; odkYr[kwf

w&m;pcef;wpfck odkYr[kwf [dELbk&m;ausmif; odkYr[kwf a,m*

usifhpOfwpfckudk zGifh&ef BudK;pm;cJhrnfqdkvQif tvsiftjrefypfrSwfxm;

wkdufckdufcH&vQif cH&rnf/ odkYr[kwf rzGifhjzpfatmif ydwfyifwm;jrpf

jcif;cH&ayrnf/ (vuf&Sd) &ckdiftajctaewGif t,ltqrsm;? qHk;jzwf

rIrsm;udkay;csifaomEkdifiHrsm;rSm þEkdifiHrsm; wu,f[kwfygovm;/

&,fp&myif aumif;aeao;awmh\/ (trSefrSm) ¤if;EkdifiHrsm;udk (þ

&ckdifudpöwGif) rnfonfhae&murS 0ifrygapoifhay/ ¤if;wdkYonf

twdwf? ypöKyÜefESifh tem*wfwnf;[laom umvoHk;yg;vHk;wGif 'ku©

rsdK;pHkudk zefwD;jzpfay:apcJhzl;olrsm;yif jzpfaeonf/

tkdtkdifpDtzGJU0if EkdifiHwpfckpDu rGwfpvifr[kwfolEkdifiHom;

tcsif;csif;tay: (,ck&ckdiftajctaexuf) ydkrkdqkd;0g;pGm jyKrlcJhzl;

onfcsnf;yif/ xdkYaemuf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif xkdokdY qkd;0g;pGmjyKrlaqmif

&Gufaeonf[k pGyfpGJMuonf/ ,if;EkdifiHwpfckpDonf rGwfpvifr[kwf

onfhjynfolrsm;tay: tuGufususpDrHí pGJNrJpGmusifhoHk;jzpfaom

zdESdyfonfh rl0g'rsm;? cGJjcm;onfh rl0g'rsm;? tvm;wlOya'rsm;ESifh

tjyKtrlrsm; &Sdaeonf[laomtcsufrSm v,fjyifwGif qifoGm;ovdk

uGufuGufuGif;uGif; xif&Sm;ay:vGifodomaeayNyD/

,if;EkdifiHwpfckpDonf bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifh &SdrIwGif

tqdk;qHk;tqifhü &Sdaeonf/ ,if;EkdifiHwpfckpDonf rGwfpvif

r[kwfonfh jynfolrsm;tay: onf;rcHEkdifqHk;? cGJjcm;qufqHrI

t&SdqHk;? xd&SaygufuGJvG,fqHk;aomEdkifiHtjzpf &Sdaeonf/ ,if;

EkdifiHwdkUwGif rdrdESifh *kdPf;*P rwlnDaom rGwfpvifbmom0ifrsm;

tay:yif xkdodkYaom oabmxm;rsm; &SdMuonf/ (¤if;EkdifiHrsm;rS

usL;vGefcJhaom)bmoma&;ESifh vlUtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufrIrsm;wGif

atmufygvkyf&yfrsm;yg0ifonf/

tpövmrfbmomudk pGefYypfoGm;rItwGuf ao'Pftygt0if

jyif;xefMurf;wrf;aom jypf'Pfay;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfMucJhMuonf/

rGwfpvif r[kwfolrsm;taejzifh rGwfpvifrsm; rESpfoufonfhpum;

wpfckudk ([kwfr[kwfraocsmíaomfvnf;aumif;? r&ifhusufao;í

aomfvnf;aumif;) rnfrQao;i,fayghyg;onfjzpfap xdka&;om;

ajymqkdonfh rGwfpvif r[kwfolrsm;u wpfckckajymcJhaMumif; pGyfpGJ

vkyfBuH zefwD;jyD; aumvm[vowif;vTifhum owfjzwfjcif;?

ajcvuft*Fgrsm; ysufpD;usdK;yJhoGm;atmifvkyfjcif;? tEÅ&m,fjyKjcif;?

rGwfpvif r[kwfolrsm;\ c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;rsm;? [dE´Lbk&m;

ausmif;rsm;ESifh Ak'¨bmombkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;udk zsufqD;jcif;? ¤if;

zsufqD;cH&aom taqmuftHkrsm;udk topfjyefaqmufcGifh ray;jcif;?

rGwfpvif r[kwfonfh jynfolrsm;udk &mrm'efOyk*fapmifhjcif;uJhodkYaom

rGwfpvifbmoma&;tvkyfrsm; vkyfaqmif&ef twif;t"r® wGef;tm;

ay;jcif; wdkUudk jyKvkyfMuonf/

tkdtkdifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;onf (bmoma&;tcGifhta&;ESifh vGwf

vyfcGifhrsm;[laomudpö&yfrsm;wGif)pnf;rsOf;rsm;[lívnf; r&Sd? uRrf;

usifrIvnf; r&Sd? pm&dwåaumif;rI[lí r&Sday/ xdkEkdifiHrsm;onfolwdkY

av;pm;rIr&Sdaom jrefrmEkdifiH\ Ak'¨bmom0ifjynfolrsm;? Ak'¨bmom

,Ofaus;rIESifhAk'bmomudk tEÅ&m,fjyKzsufqD;rIomjyKMurnf jzpfonf/

tmz*efepöwefEkdifiHonf tpövmrfbmom0ifEkdifiHjzpfonf/

EdkifiH\ t"durlwpfcsufrSm ]rnfonfhOya'urS tpövmrf bmom

rlrsm;? jyXmef;csufrsm;udk Mum;0ifpGufzufaESmifh,Sufjcif; r&Sdap&}

[lí jzpfonf/ EkdifiHom;rsm;onf wpfyg;ol\ cHpm;csufrsm;udk

pmemem;vnfvufcHrI r&Sdonfh? tvGefUtvGefzdESdyfcsKyfcs,fuefYowfrI

&Sdonfh ¤if;wdkY\ tpövmrfbmom (Islam) [lonfh trSwfwHqdyfrSvGJí

usef,HkMunfudk;uG,frItm;vHk;udk tpGef;a&muf0g'DyDyD onf;nnf;

rcHEkdifMuay/

&,fp&maumif;aeonfrSm tmz*efepöwefEkdifiHonf Ak'¨

bmom tapmqHk;pnfyifxGef;um;cJh&m yifrae&mBuD;wpfckjzpfcJhonf

[laomtcsufyif jzpfonf/ &mpkESpfrsm;pGmMumNyD;aemufrSmrGwfpvif

ppfatmifEkdifolrsm; (Muslim Conquerors) u Ak'¨,Ofaus;rIukdzsufqD;

cJhNyD;? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;ukd tNyD;wkdifokwfoifacsrIef;cJhMuonf/

(,cktcg)tmz*efepöwefEdkifiHwGif Ak'¨bmom0ifr&Sdawmhyg/ (2001)

ckESpfwGif bmoma&;t& onf;nnf;rcHEdkifonfh tpGef;a&muf

wmvDbefrsm;u vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; (1500)u ausmufawmif

urf;yg;apmif;ukdxGif;í wnfaqmufxm;aom urÇmYÓPfawmf

tjrifhqkH; Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;ukd zsufqD;ypfcJhMuonf/

tD*spfEdkifiHonf tpövmrfbmomukd EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpf

todtrSwfjyKaom tm&yfEdkifiHwpfEdkifiH (An Arab Republic)jzpfonf/

tD*spfEdkifiHwGif vlOD;a&oef;(90)&Sdonfhteuf (10) &mcdkifEIef;cefY

(9)oef;rSmawmh aumhywpfc&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm; (Coptic Christians)

jzpfonf/ tpövmrfbmomray:rD &mpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuyif ¤if;

c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm; &SdvmcJhonf/ (,cktcg)EdkifiHawmfbmomjzpf

aom tpövmrfbmomu EdkifiHawmf\Oya'rsm;pGmukd txl;vTrf;rdk;ae

onf/ ¤if;Oya'rsm;onf tD*spfEdkifiHrS bmomrwlol vlenf;pkukd

zdESdyf&ef &nf&G,fjy|mef;xm;jcif;om jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;ukd

OD;wnfvkyfaqmifaomtMurf;zufrIrsm;rSm rsm;pGmwdk;yGm;rsm;jym;vm

aeonf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;\ tdrfrsm;? qdkifrsm;ESifh oD;ESHrsm;

rD;½IdUcH&jcif;? c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;rsm; rD;½IdUcH&jcif;? zsufqD;cH&

jcif;? tokH;rjyK&ef ydwfyifwm;jrpfcH&jcif;wkdYrSm &SdcJh? &SdqJyifjzpfonf/

Edkuf*sD;&D;,m;EdkifiHonfvnf; tpövmrfESifhc&pf,mefbmom

tMum; nDwlnDrQpnf;jcm;uGJjym;aeonf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;

aexkdif&m awmifykdif;onf omrefavmuDtkyfcsKyfrIykHpHtwkdif; tkyfcsKyf

aomfvnf; ajrmufykdif;wGifrl tpövmrfOya'ukd wif;MuyfpGmjy|mef;

xm;onf/ ajrmufykdif;wGif tpövmrfbmomrS wpfjcm;bmomodkY

ajymif;vJrIonf w&m;r0ifaMumif; owfrSwfNyD; bmomajymif;olrsm;

ukd ao'Pfay;cH&onf/

bdkudk[m&rf (Boko Harem) (]taemufwkdif;ynma&;onf

tjypf&Sdonf}[laomt"dyÜm,f&onf) [kac:aom tpGef;a&muftxl;

tMurf;zufvufeufudkiftzGJUwpfzGJUvnf; &Sdaeonf/ ¤if;vufeuf

ukdiftzGJUonf c&pf,mefbmom0iftrsm;pkyg0ifonfh vlaygif;

wpfaomif;cefYukd owfjzwfcJhNyD; wpfcgwpf&H rdrdwdkY\tcGifhta&;

qkH;½IH;rIESifhywfoufí xkwfazmfajymqkdvdkaom tjcm;rGwfpvifrsm;

udkvnf; ¤if;wkdYu owfjzwfMuonf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;

twGif;wGif pkaygif;0wfjyK qkawmif;aeMupOf c&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;

rsm;ukd tjyifrS aomhcwfydwfqkdYum rD;½IdUrIrsm;udk Mudrfzefrsm;pGmjyKvkyf

cJhjcif;aMumifh vltaotaysmufrSm aMumufcref;vdvdrsm;jym;cJhonf/

tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHonf rGwfpvifbmom0ifEkdifiH tm;vHk;

teuf vlOD;a& trsm;qHk;&SdaomEkdifiH jzpfonf/ vlOD;a& (250)oef;

&Sdonfhteuf (83)&mcdkifEIef;cefYrSm rGwfpvifrsm; jzpfMuonf/ vlenf;pk

c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tay: jyif;xefaom

tMurf;zufrI(acgif;jzwfrI) tygt0if BuD;rm;aomcGJjcm;qufqHrIESifh

tMurf;zufrIrsm;udk jyKcJhjyKqJyifjzpfonf/ rGwfpviftmrm'D;,m;

*dkPf;cGJ0ifrsm;udkvnf; *dkPf;BuD;0if yifrrGwfpvifrsm;u wdwdårsm;

Heretics tjzpf ,lqNyD; rGwfpviftjzpf todtrSwfrjyKbJ

c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;ESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;uJhodkYyif BuD;rm;aom

cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;? tMurf;zufjcif;wdkYudk cHMu&onf/

1960 jynfhESpfrsm;wGif w½kwfEkdifiHu BuD;Muyfvrf;nTefrI

jyKaom uGefjrLepfrsm; qlyltHk<urIjzpfvmrnfudk pdk;&drfaMumufvefYNyD;

tif'dkeD;&Sm;rGwfpvifrsm;u w½kwfvlrsdK; Ak'¨bmom0iftrsm;qHk;

yg0ifaom (5)odef;ESifh (10)odef;Mum;ta&twGuf&Sdonfh vlrsm;udk

owfjzwf&ef xdkodkYuGefjrLepf tHk<urIjzpfvmEdkifonf[laom,lqcsuf

udk toHk;csoGm;cJhonf/ 1980 jynfhESpfrsm;wGif tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHonf

ta&SUwDarmudk odrf;ydkufEkdifap&ef vGwfvyfaomta&SUwDarmuRef;&Sd

c&pf,mefrsm;tay: &ufpufMurf;MuKwfNyD; vl½dkif;acwfqefaom

ppfyGJwpfyGJudk qifETJcJhMuonf/ tif'kdeD;&Sm;rGwfpvifppfom;rsm;onf

wDarmuRef;om;rsm;udk owfjzwfrIESifhywfoufí pdwfpEkd;paemifh

rjzpfcJhMuay/

tpövmrfrpf tMurf;zufwyfzGJU0ifrsm; tD&efEkdifiHwGif

pwifcJhNyD; tD&efEkdifiH\ bmomuGJudk;uG,fol vlenf;pkwGif vlOD;a&

trsm;qHk; jzpfonfh bm[mtDbmomudk todtrSwf rjyKcJhay/ ¤if;

bmomudk;uG,f,HkMunfolrsm;rSmvnf; jyif;xefpGmn§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH

&onf/ bm[mtDbmom0ifrsm;onf zrf;rdefY rxkwfbJ zrf;qD;jcif;?

rSm;,Gif;axmifcsrI? uGyfrsufrI? odrf;ydkufzsufqD;rI? tqifhjrifhynma&;

wufa&mufavhvmoif,lcGifhudk jiif;qkdrIwdkYukd cH&cJh? cH&qJ? cH&vwHåUyif

jzpfonf/ 1979 ckESpf tpövmrfawmfvSefa&;uwnf;u tD&efEkdifiH

om; bm[mtDbmom0ifrsm;\ tdrfrsm;udk zsufqD;jcif;? wuúokdvf

wufcGifh? tpdk;&tvkyfrsm; vkyfcGifhwkdYudk ydwfyifwm;jrpfjcif;wkdY yHkrSef

jzpfaeonf/

bmoma&; ,HkMunfrIaMumifh vlaygif;rsm;pGmudk axmifcs

tjypf'Pfay;zl;onf/ xkdYjyif tD&efEkdifiHonf rGwfpvifr[kwfaom

tjcm;bmomw&m;tm;vHk;udk aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmifyif

onf;cHEkdifrIr&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/ tD&efEkdifiH\ tpövmrfacgif;aqmif

rsm;ESifh tpdk;&tBuD;tuJrsm;taejzifh tjcm;bmomrsm; tjcm;vlrsdK;

rsm;udk vHk;0acsrIef;okwfoif&Sif;vif;&ef aqmfMoonfh EkdifiHwumokdY

aMunmcsufrsm;xkwfjyef&efvnf; pdwfuoduatmifh rjzpfMuay/

tD&efEkdifiHonf tjcm;bmomodkY ouf0if,HkMunful;ajymif;oGm;ol

rsm;ukd owfjzwfonf/ rdef;rvsmrsm;udk &uf&ufpufpufypfrSwfxm;

zrf;qD;í ao'Pfay;wwfonf/

rav;&Sm;EkdifiH&Sd bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifh tajctaerSm

tjiif;yGm;zG,f udpöwpf&yfwpfck jzpfonf/ tpövmrfbmomonf

rav;&Sm;EkdifiHawmf\ w&m;0ifEkdifiHawmfbmom jzpfonf/ odkYaomf

EkdifiHawmfvlOD;a&\ xuf0ufeD;yg; (trsm;pkrSm w½kwfvlrsdK;?tdEd´,

vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfNyD; xdkif;vlrsdK;? jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;ESifh tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiH

om;rsm;yg0ifonf)rSm rGwfpvifrsm; r[kwfMuay/ rav;&Sm;EkdifiH?

'ku©onfpcef;rsm;wGif a&muf&SdaexkdifcJhzl;ol jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;\

ajymqdkcsufrSm rav;-rGwfpvifrsm;\ vufxJwGif tvGefwZGwfxdk;

waZmufuef; Murf;MuKwf&ufpufpGm onf;nnf;rcHbJ jyKrl qufqH

cJhrIrsm;&Sdonf[líyif jzpfonf/

rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif blrdykwå&[kac:aom rl0g'wpfck&SdNyD;

xkdrl0g't& vkyfief;wkdif;wGif rav;-rGwfpvif zufpyfvkyfudkifrnfh

olwpfOD; xm;&Sd&ef vdkonf/ w½kwfvlrsdK; r*¾Zif;xkwfa0ol odkY

r[kwf tarT;wkdifxkwfvkyfol okdYr[kwf tdEd´,vlrsdK; pm;aomuf

ukefxkwfvkyfol odkYr[kwf pmtkyfykdif&Sifwpfa,mufyif ,if;vkyfief;

taMumif; euef;wpfvHk;rS em;rvnfol rGwfpvif vkyfazmfukdifzuf

wpfOD;udk vufcH&onf/ xdkzufpyfvkyfudkifol rGwfpvifrSm vdk

vnf; rvkdtyfay/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh xkdrGwfpvifonf rxDrJhjrif

jyKwwfNyD; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfvkdolwpfOD;yif jzpfwwfonf/

rav;&Sm;EdkifiHwGif rGwfpvifr[kwfoll wpfOD;aovQif

xdkol\ aoolrSwfwrf;wGif rGwfpvifwpfOD;tjzpf topfac:a0:

rSwfwrf;jyKjcif;jzifh xdkaool\ om;orD;rsm;onfvnf; rGwfpvif

rsm;jzpfaMumif; aMunmEkdifayrnf/ tpövmrfbmomrS wjcm;bmom

odkY ul;ajymif;&ef BudK;pm;jcif;\ tEÅ&m,frSm wkdif;odjynfodurÇmodjzpf

NyD; bmomajymif;&efvnf; &GHUaMumufMuonf/

xkwfazmfajymMum;csuf pm&if;rsm;t& wl&uDEkdifiH\

vlOD;a& 99%onf rGwfpvifrsm; jzpfMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYteuf

vlrsm;pkrSm qGefeDtpövmrfbmomudk ,HkMunfudk;uG,fMuonf/

atmfwkdrifydkif,mwGif rGwfpvifr[kwfol &mckdifEIef;rSm ,ckxuf

tqrsm;pGm ydkrsm;cJhonf/ vlOD;a&\ twefoifh tiftm;BuD;aom

vlenf;pk (10% 30%) rSm tvuf0D*dkPf;cGJ (The ALevi sect)

eD;uyfqufpyfrI&SdMuolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ usefvlOD;a&rSm tjcm;

bmom0ifrsm; jzpfMuonf/

txl;ojzifh c&pf,mefbmom*dkPf;cJGrsm; (*&datmfodka'ghpf?

tmar;eD;,ef; tayghpawmhvpf) qD;&D;,m;atmfodka'ghpf? acsmv'D;

,rf;uufovpf ta&SUykdif; bk&m;ausmif;? *sL;bmom (Judaism)? a,ZD'kdifbmomwkdY jzpfMuNyD; bmomrJhrsm;vnf; &SdMuonf/ vl

enf;pkbmom0ifrsm;u rdrdwdkY\ bmoma&;,HkMunfrIaMumifh tpdk;&

ykdif;qkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif tvkyftukdif r&&Sdatmif wrif

&nf&G,fvsuf ydwfyifwm;jrpfjcif; cHae&aMumif; nnf;nLwwfMu

onf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;? bm[mtDom bmom0ifrsm;ESifh

rGwfpvifbmom0iftcsdKUonf vlrItzGJUtpnf;\ oHo,jzpfrI?

r,HkMunfrIwkYdudk BuHKawGUcHpm;aeMu&onf/

tpGef;a&muf tpövmrfppfaoG;<ursm;uvnf; [Db½l;ESifh

tm&yfbmompum;ajymqkdolrsm;udk qefYusifonfh cHpm;csufrsm;(anti

semitic sentiments )udk ydkrdkwdk;yGm;vmum qufvufazmfjyvmMuonf/

xdkYtjyif tpövmrfbmomrS tjcm;bmomodkY ul;ajymif;vkdolrsm;rSm

vnf; wpfcgwpf&H vlrIa&;aESmifh,Suf[efYwm;rI (social harassment)

ESifh aqGrsdK;rsm;? tdrfeD;csif;rsm;rS tMurf;zufowfjzwfrIwdkYudk wpfcg

wpf&H BuHKawGUae&onf/

aqmf'Dtm;a&;bD;,m;EkdifiHonf tpövmrfbmomudk tajc

cHaom bk&ifpepfjzifh tkyfcsKyfonfhEkdifiH (Islamic Therocratic

monarchy) jzpfonf/ tpövmrfbmomonf EkdifiHawmfbmomjzpfonf/

EkdifiH\Oya't& aqmf'DEkdifiHom;tm;vHk; rGwfpvifbmom0if

jzpf&rnf[k owfrSwfxm;onf/ odkYaomf rGwfpvifr[kwfol

EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform;rsm;udk rGwfqvifrsm;tMum; vma&muf

aexdkif tvkyfvkyfudkifcGifh jyKxm;onf/ tcsdKUaomae&mrsm;odkY

oGm;a&mufcGifh rjyKxm;ay/

]aqmf'Drlwm0D;} odkYr[kwf ]aumif;*kPfudkjzefY? raumif;

*kPfudk wefYonfh aumfrwD} (The Saudi Mutaween or Committee for

Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice) [k ac:aom

bmoma&;&JwyfzGJU (The Religious police) u rGwfpvifr[kwfaom

bmomw&m;rsm;ESifhqkdifonfh yGJvrf;obifrsm;udk wm;jrpfNyD; trsdK;orD;

rsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;? t0wftpm;rsm;? taygif;tazmfrsm;ESihfywfouf

í jyif;jyif;xefxef uefYowfxm;onf/

trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;a&maESmrIESifhywfoufonfh

Oya'rsm;udkvnf; jyXmef;xm;onf/ aqmf'Drsm;onf ao'Pf

(trsm;tm;jzifh vly&dowfa&SUwGif "m;&Snfjzifh acgif;jzwfowfjcif;)

udk rMumcP toHk;jyKMuonf/ aqmf'DykdifaiGrsm;onf tpövmrf

tMurf;zuf0g'(The Islamic Terrorism) ESifh a&S;½dk;pGJtpövmrf0g'(The

Islamic fundam entalism)wdkYudk rsm;pGm rD;avmif&m avyifhvkyfaqmif

vQuf&Sdonf/

ygupöwefEdkifiH&Sd bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGifhonf &Sm&D,m

Oya'(Sharia Law) ESifh jy'g;wpfvrf; oHwpfvrf; jzpfvmonf/

tv’mt&Sif(Allah) udk tremy ajymqkda&;om;rIqkdif&mOya'rsm;

(Blashpemy Laws) u vGwfvyfpGm ajymqkdcGifhudk vnfrsdKwufeif;

vkdufovdk jzpfaeonf/ tpövmrfbmomudk qefYusifajymqkdrI?

tpövmrfbmom okdYr[kwf tpövmrfbmom\ wrefawmfrsm;udk

qefYusifwkdufcdkufa&;om;xkwfa0rIrsm;udk wm;jrpfxm;onf/ ygupö

wefEkdifiH\ jypfrIqkdif&mOya' (Penal Code)t& wrefawmfrkd[mruf

(Prophet Muhammad) trnfemrudk ½Iwfcsapmfum;ol rnfoludkrqkd

ao'PfcsrSwf&ef ,cktcg owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;NyD; jzpfonf/

þjypfrIqkdif&m Oya't& udk&rf&fusrf; (The Quran) udk

rav;rpm;jyKrltwGuf axmif'PfwpfoufwpfuRef;? bmoma&;t&

aoG;<uaygufuGJrIudk jzpfap&ef wrifwum &nf&G,fvsuf wpfyg;

ol\ bmoma&;,HkMunfrIrsm;udk apmfum;rItwGuf axmif'Pf(10)

ESpf txdcsrSwf&ef owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;NyD;jzpfonf/ ygupöweftpdk;&

u tmruf'D rGwfqvif*dkPf;tm; (The Ahmadi Muslim sect) \

bmoma&;yGJvrf;obifrsm;udk w&m;0ifwm;jrpfjcif; rjyKaomfvnf;

¤if;rGwfpvif*kdPf;\ bmoma&;tavhtxrsm;udk Oya't& jyif;

xefpGm uefYowfxm;onf/ 1974 ckESpf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' jyif

qifcsufwpfckwGif tmruf'Drsm; (Ahmadis) onf rGwfpvif

bmom0if r[kwfaom vlenf;pkjzpfaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/

taMumif;rSm tpkd;&\oabmt& ¤if;tmruf'Drsm;onf

rkd[mrufudk tpövmrfbmom\ aemufqHk;wrefawmftjzpf vufrcH

aomaMumifh[k qkdonf/ odkYaomf tmruf'Drsm;url rdrdwdkYudk,fudk

rGwfpvifrsm;[k xifrSwfMuqJ/ tpövmrfbmoma&; tavhtxrsm;

udk vkyfaqmifMuqJyif jzpfonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGif trdefYpmtrSwf(20)

(Ordinance XX) t& tpdk;&u tydk'f-298(*)udk jypfrIqkdif&m

Oya'wGif xyfavmif;aygif;xnfhNyD; tmruf'Drsm;udk olwdkYudk,folwkdY

rGwfpvif[kac:jcif;? rGwfpviftjzpf jyKrlaexkdifjcif;? ¤if;wdkY\

,HkMunfudk;uG,frItaMumif; a[majymomoemjyKjcif;? tjcm;olrsm;

udk tmruf'Dbmoma&; ,HkMunfrIudk vufcHvmatmif zdwfac:rI?

rGwfpvifrsm;\bmoma&;qkdif&m cHpm;csufrsm;udk apmfum;jcif;wkdYudk

wm;jrpfydwfyifcJhonf/

1947ckESpfwGif EkdifiHtaejzifh oD;jcm;cGJxGufvGwfvyfa&;&

vmuwnf;u ygupöwefEkdifiH\ c&pf,mefbmom0if? [dE´Lbmom

0ifESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;rSmvnf; tMurf;zufrI? zsufqD;rI? rSm;,Gif;

zrf;qD;rIwdkY wpfaeYwpfjcm; ydkrdkwdk;yGm;vmNyD; ydkrdkqdk;&Gmaomtajctae

odkY a&muf&SdaeNyDjzpfonf/

,ckb*Fvm;a'h&Sf[laomEdkifiHonf ,cif&mpkESpfaygif;rsm;

pGmu Ak'¨bmom xGef;um;jyefYyGm;cJh&m ae&mXmewpfck jzpfcJhonf/

,cktcg vufusefAk'¨bmom0ifrsm;rSm EkdifiHvlOD;a&\ 0.7% om

&SdNyD; vsifjrefpGm usqif;vsuf&Sdonf/ (13)&mpk tapmykdif;wGif

tdEd´,EkdifiHudk rGwfpvifrsm; usL;ausmfwkdufcdkufcJhMuonf/ rGwf

pvifrsm;tkyfpdk;rIu [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;ESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;udk

aESmifh,SufowfjzwfrIrsm; us,fus,fjyefYjyefY jzpfapcJhonf/ ¤if;

bmom0ifrsm;\ bk&m;ausmif;rsm;? bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;ESifh tjcm;

ta&;ygaomae&mrsm;udk tBuD;tus,f zsufqD;rIwdkY jyKcJhMuonf/

Ak'¨bmom0if&[ef;awmfrsm;udk owfjzwfcJhMuonf/ Ak'¨

bmom0ifrsm;ESifh [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;udk tpövmrfbmomokdY twif;

t"r® ul;ajymif;ap&ef tMurf;zufenf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKcJhMuonf/

þokdYtMurf;zufowfjzwfrIrcH&bJ toufcsrf;om&m&cJhonfh Ak'¨

bmom0iftrsm;pkrSmvnf; ab;uif;vHkNcHK&m&Sm&if; ppfwaumif;

awmifukef;a'ookdY ajymif;a&TUcJhMuonf/ 1948 ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQ

tdEd´, (British India) udk vGwfvyfa&;ay;aomtcg rGwfpvif

vlxku udk,fydkifEdkifiH awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ udk,fydkifEkdifiHudkvnf;

¤if;wdkYudk ay;cJhNyD; ygupöwefEkdifiH[k topfzGJUpnf;cJhonf/

¤if;ygupöwefEkdifiHwGif rkdif(1000)uGma0;aom a'oBuD;ESpfck

yg0ifcJhonf/ þEkdifiHtopfudk bmoma&;oufoufjzifh t"dyÜm,f owf

rSwfNyD; rGwfpvifEdkifiH [líyif orkwfcJhMuonf/ [dE´Lbmom0if?

Ak'¨bmom0ifESifhtjcm; rGwfpvif r[kwfol oef;aygif;rsm;pGmudk

ESifxkwfvQif ESifxkwf? ESifrxkwfjzpfvQif owfypfvkdufMuonf/

tdEd´,EkdifiHrS [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;uvnf; rGwfpvifoef;aygif;rsm;pGm

udk ESifxkwfjcif;jzifh wHkYjyefcJhonf/ (1971)ckESpfwGif ta&SUygupöwef

(East Pakistan)u ygupöwef vufatmufrS vGwfvyfa&;udk

wdkufckduf,lcJhonf/

(4) vwm aoG;acsmif;pD;ppfyGJ jzpfyGm;cJhNyD;aemuf ta&SU

ygupöwefonf b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH [lí jzpfvmcJhonf/ rGwfpvif

ygupöwefEkdifiHom;rsm;u rGwfpvifb*FgvDrsm;tay: vlrsdK;a&;

cGJjcm;rI? vlwGifus,fvkyfrIwdkYaMumifh ppfjzpfyGm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ESpf

zufpvHk;u ppfyGJudk toHk;csí ¤if;y#dyu©ESifhvm;vm;rS rouf

qkdifaom b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH&Sd [dE´Lbmom0ifESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifoef;

aygif;rsm;pGmudk owfjzwfcJhMuonf/ ,ckvwfwavm tajctaewGif

b*Fvm;a'h&SfvlrsdK;rsm;onf urÇmwGif bmoma&;t& onf;rcHEkdif

qHk;? aygufuGJ tMurf;zufvG,fqHk;aom rGwfpvifrsm; jzpfvmaeMuonf/

Ak'¨bmom0if? [dE´Lbmom0ifESifh c&pf,mefbmom0if

vlenf;pkrsm;rSm tMurf;zufrI? rD;½dIUrI? ajrvkrI? t"r®bmomajymif;

ckdif;rIwdkYudk 'DvdIif;yrm wpfvHk;NyD; wpfvHk; vmt½dkufcHaeMu&&Sm

onf/ rGwfpvifr[kwfolrsm; (rGwfpvifr[kwfaomuav;rsm;tyg

t0if)udk tpövmrfbmom odkYr[kwf rkd[mrufESifhywfoufí a0zef

onf? tremrajymqdkonf[kqkdum vGJrSm;pGmpGyfpGJvsufao'Pfay;cJh

Muonf/ tdEd´,EkdifiHonf rdrdudk,fudkumuG,f&ef b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH

ESifhpyfaeaom &Snfvsm;onfh e,fedrdwfwpfavQmufwGif rkdifaygif;

(1790) &Snfvsm;aom oHrPdql;BudK;rsm;jzifh cHwyfozG,f um&H

xm;onfh NcHpnf;½dk;udk wnfaqmufxm;NyD; jzpfonf/

&nf&G,fcsufrSm tpövmrftpGef;a&mufrsm;rS tdEd,vlrsdK;rsm;

\ tvkyftudkifudk vk,lMurnfh a&TUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;? ]½dk[if

*sm qkdolrsm;} odkYr[kwf tjcm;aomrGwfpvifrsm;wnf;[laom

xdef;rEkdifodrf;r&jzpfonfh vdIif;wHydk;rsm; tdEd´,jynfwGif;odkY r0if

a&mufEkdifapa&; umuG,f&ef jzpfonf/ ¤if;NcHpnf;½dk;onfurÇmht&Snf

vsm;qHk;aom e,ferdwfNcHpnf;½dk;BuD;yif jzpfayonf/ þrnfaom

EdkifiHrsm;u jrefrmEkdifiHwGif okdYr[kwf tjcm;EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHwGif rnf

onfu trSefw&m;jzpfrnf? rnfonfu trSefw&m;jzpfonf[k

rnfodkY tqHk;tjzwfay;Ekdifygrnfenf;/

(rl&if;aqmif;yg;&Sif tar&duef pma&;q&m orkdif;okawoD Rick

Heizman - Organization of Islamic Cooperation –OIC udk

bmomjyef qkdygonf/ bmomjyefqkdol- &J&ifhol&Jaumif;)/ /

rsm;jym;pGmaom

vrf;ab;wkdYwGif

vlt½kd;rsm;

jyefYusJaeqJjzpfonf/

xkdvlowfuGif;jyifrsm;wGif

aoG;pGef;ae....

Hindu Genocide in East Pakistan By Shrin andan Vyas

þaqmif;yg;onf(1971)ckESpfwGif ta&SUygupöwefü

[dE´Lbmom0if 2.5 oef;cefY tokwfoifcH&rItaMumif;ukd avhvm

wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/

þaqmif;yg;onf b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH tpkd;&pDrHudef;Xme?

NAdwefeD;um;pG,fpkHusrf;? txufvTwfawmftrwft,f'Gwfuae'D\

tar&duefjynfaxmifpk txufvTwfawmfw&m;pD&ifa&;aumfrwDokdY

tpD&ifcHpm? e,l;0dcfr*¾Zif;? e,l;a,mufwkdif;rfpf owif;pmtp&Sdonf

wdkYu ay;xm;aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd ukd;um;ygonf/

(1971)ckESpfwGif ta&SUygupöwefü [dE´Lbmom0ifoef;csDum

towfcH&jcif;udk jyo&eftwGuf þowif;tcsuftvufESifhtajccH

*Pef;ocsFmynmwkdYtm; tokH;jyKxm;ygonf/

This article deals with slaughter of about 2.5millon

Hindus in East Pakistan in 1971.This article refers to

information provided by Dept. of Planning of Government to

Bangladesh, Encyclopedia Britannica ,

SentorEdward Kenneydy's report to the U.S.Edward

Kennedy's report to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee,

Newsweek,New York Times ,etc. This information and

elementary math are used to show that indeed millions of

Hindus were killed in East Pakistan in 1941.

,cifu ta&SUygupöwefjzpfaom b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHwGif

(1971)ckESpf? ppfwyf zdESdyfrIaMumifh 'ku©onf(10)oef; tdEd´,EdkifiH

twGif;odkY 0ifa&mufrI jzpfapcJhonfukd trsm;odMuygonf/ urÇm

ay:wGif us,fus,fjyefYjyefY av;pm;vufcHMuonfh u,fq,fa&;ESifh

owif;Xmersm;u aoqkH;olta&twGufukd (3)oef;[k qdkonf/

okdY&mwGif xkdpm&if;tif;rsm;ukdMunfhvQif ay:vGifxif&Sm;vmonfh

tcsufrSm-ta&SUygupöwef\ [dE´Lbmom0ifxkBuD;wpfckvkH;onf

(1971)ckESpfu (9)vMum zdESdyfrItwGif;ü ygupöwefppfwyf\

ypfrSwfjzpfonfqkdaom tcsufjzpf\/

b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&ESifh tar&dueftpkd;&wdkY\ xkwfjyefcsuf

rsm;rS &&Sdaompm&if;tif;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKí þaqmif;yg;u b*F

vm;a'h&SfEdkifiHrS 'ku©onfrsm;teuf vlOD;a&(80)%rSm [dE´Lbmom

0ifrsm;jzpfNyD; towfcH&ol(3)oef;teuf (80)%rSmvnf; [dE´L

bmom0ifrsm;yifjzpfaMumif; oufaojyrnf jzpfygonf/ odkYygí(1971)

ckESpfu ta&SUygupöwefa'owGif jzpfyGm;cJhaomudpö&yfrsm;rSm [dE´L

bmom0if 'ku©onfwdkY\ jyóemwpfckjzpfNyD; [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;tm;

rsKd;jzKwfowfjzwfrIwpfck jzpfygonf/

NAdwef;eD;um; pG,fpkHusrf; (pm&if;tif;rsm;twGuf)? b*Fvm;

a'h&Sf EdkifiHtpkd;&pDrHudef;Xme? e,l;pf0dcfr*¾Zif;? e,l;a,mufwdkif;rfpf

owif;pm? txufvTwfawmftrwft,f'Gwfuae'D\ tar&duef

jynfaxmifpk txufvTwfawmfw&m;pD&ifa&;aumfrwDodkY tpD&ifcHpm

10 References -Encyclopedia Britannica ,Bangla Desh

Government _ Ministry of Planning (For statistics), Newsweek

,New York Times ,Senator Edward Kennedy's report to the U.S

Senate Judiciary Committee.

ygupöwefEdkifiHwGif (1970)ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif t0grD

tzGJUcsKyfu trwfae&m (169)ae&m teuf (167)udk tEdkif&NyD; ta&SU

ygupöwefa'owGif vlxkrJ (80%)ausmf &&Sdonf/ ocsmFenf;t&

qdkvQif t0grDtzGJUcsKyfonf ygupöweftrsKd;om;nDvmcHwGif trsm;pk

&&Sdonf(pkpkaygif; 313 ae&mwGif 167)/

(1) ordkif;aMumif;t& ta&SUygupöwefonf pkpkaygif;

o,HZmw\ (36%)udkom cGJa0cHpm;cGifh&SdNyD; ygupöwefjynfaxmifpk

z,f'&,ftpkd;&wGif ae&m(20%)udkom &onf/

(2) vlaygif; (2500000) ausmf aoqkH;cJhaom (1970)

Edk0ifbmvwGif aMumufruffzG,f qdkifuvkH;rkefwdkif;tNyD; ta&SU

ygupöwefa'otay: ygupöweftpkd;&\ tom;a&mifcGJjcm;rIu

ta&SUygupöwefvlxktm; olpdrf;jyifjyifuJhodkU pdwfcHpm;rIudk jzpfay:

aponf/ ta&SUESifhtaemuf ygupöwefEdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;tMum;

uGJjym;jcm;em;rIonf tjynfjynfqkdif&m ta&;tcif;wpf&yftjzpfodkY

½kwfjcnf;wdk;wufoGm;cJhonf/ (1971)ckESpf? rwfv (25)&ufaeYwGif

or®w,m,mcef\trdefUjzifh ygupöwefppfwyfonf tMurf;zuf

ppfqifa&;wpf&yfudk pwifcJh&m (1971) ckESpf? 'DZifbmv(17)&ufaeY

wGif tdEd,ppfwyfxH aemufqkH;vufeufcs&onfhtcsdefxd MumjrihfcJhonf/

ygupöwefppfwyf\ þtMurf;zufrIppfqifa&;u b*F

vm;a'h&Sf 'ku©onf(10)oef;? tdEd´,e,fjcm;udk jzwfausmf0ifa&mufrI

jzpfapcJhNyD; (txufvTwfawmftrwf tuf'Gwfuae'D\ tar&duef

jynfaxmifpktxufvTwfawmf w&m;pD&ifa&;aumfrwDodkY tpD&ifcHpm

tnTef;-3) u,fq,fa&;Xmetrsm;pk\ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh b*Fvm;

a'h&Sftpdk;&\ w&m;0ifcefYrSef;csuftay: tajccHwGufcsufrIt&

(3)oef; towfcH&aponf/ (tnTef; -4?5)

okdY&mwGif 'ku©onfrsm;ESifhaoqHk;olrsm;tm; rnfonfh

ae&mwGifrQ bmoma&;t& cGJjcm;azmfjyrI r&Sday/ tdEd´,owif;rD'D,m

wdkYrS tpD&ifcHpmrsm;wGif þodYkaomowif;tcsuftvufrsdK;udk razmfjy

bJ usefae&pfonfudk awGU&onf/ þokdYaom owif;xkwfjyefrIwkdYu

ta&SUygupöwefa'owGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh [dELbmom0ifwdkYtm; rsdK;jzKwf

owfjzwfrIwnf;[laom ydkrdk,kwfrmaumufuspfaom trSefw&m;udk

a,bk,stm;jzifh urÇmhjrifuGif;rS txl;ojzifh tdEd´,EdkifiHom;wdkY\

jrifuGif;rS zHk;uG,fxm;ovdk jzpfaecJhayonf/

[dE´Lbmom0ifwkdYonf ygupöwefppfwyf\ txl;a&G;cs,f

xm;aom ypfrSwfjzpfonf/ (1971) ckESpf? Ekd0ifbmv(1)&uf aeYpGJ

wyfxm;onfh ol\tpD&ifcHpmtESpfcsKyfwGif txufvTwfawmftrwf

tuf'Gufuae'Du a&;om;xm;onfrSm (tnTef;-6) ]tar&duef

jynfaxmifpk\ uGif;qif;aumuf,laom tpD&ifcHpmrsm;? ra&rwGufEkdif

onfhowif;orm;wdkY\ udk,fawGUrsufjrifrSwfwrf;rsm;? urÇmhbPf

uJhodkYaom tjynfjynfqkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh

qyfaumfrwDu xyfrHí &&SdorQ owif;tcsuftvufrsm; tm;vHk;

wdkYu ta&SUba*Fg(ta&SUygupöwef)ukd qGJn§pfcsKyfudkifaeaom taMumuf

w&m;vTrf;rdk;apjcif;jzifh tkyfpdk;rIudk oufaojyrSwfwrf;jyKvQuf&Sdonf/

tjyif;xefqHk;xdcdkuf&olwdkYrSm [dE´LvlUtokduft0ef;0ifrsm;

jzpfayonf/ olwdkY\ ajr,mrsm;ESifh aps;qkdifae&mrsm; vk,uf

odrf;ydkufcH&onf/ pepfwusowfjzwfokwfoifjcif; cH&onf/ tcsdKU

ae&mrsm;ü ([dE´L twdkaumuf) ]tdyfcsf} trSwftom;udk t0ga&mif

aq;jzifh a&;cs,fxm;cJhMuonf/ ppfOay'udk taMumif;jyKí þ

vkyf&yftm;vHk;udk (ygupöwefEkdifiH\NrdKUawmf) tpövmrfbufrSw&m;

0ifcGifhjyKjcif;? trdefYay;jcif;ESifh pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;jyKonf/

(vlowfuGif;rsm;pmtkyfa&;ol) ylvpfZmqk&Sifowif;orm;

qpf'eD&Sef;b*fonf (1971)ckESpf ppfwyf\zdESdyfrIumvESifh (1971)

ckESpf b*Fvm;a'h&SfppfyGJ umvtwGif;wGif e,l;a,mufwkdif;rf

owif;pm\ (ta&SUb*Fvm; NrdKUawmf) 'gumNrdKUtajcpdkuf owif;

axmufjzpfonf/ ol\ rlydkifowif; ]epfqif rjrifcsifa,mifaqmif

aeaom ygupöwefokwfoifrIBuD;} wGif rpöwm&Sef;bwfu a&;om;

xm;onfrSm ]ppfudk uRefawmfBuHKcJhNyD; tdEd´,ppfom;rsm;udk vGwf

ajrmufa&;twGuf u,fwif&Sifrsm;tjzpf vlxk\ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;

omBudKqkdrIukd udk,fwkdif jrifawGUcGifh&cJhonf/ aemufydkif;wGif EkdifiH

tESHYudk vrf;&Sdoí vSnfhvnfMunfh½Iaomtcg ygupöwefwdkY\

orkdif;wGifrnfhvkyf&yfrsm;udk vwfvwfqwfqwfBuD; awGU&awmh

onf/ wpfNrdKUNyD; wpfNrdKUawGU&onfrSm vSHpGyfrsm;? usnfqHrsm;ESifh

wif;ykwfwdkYjzifh vlrsm;udk owfjzwfcJhaom okwfoifowfjzwfonfh

ae&mrsm; jzpfonf/ tcsdKUNrdKUrsm;wGif okwfoifowfjzwfrIrsm;udk

aeYpOf tpDtpOfjzifh jyKvkyfcJhonf/

xdktcsdefonf ppfNyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf wpfvtMum (1972)

ckESpf Zefe0g&DvwGif jzpfonf/ rsm;jym;pGmaomvrf;ab;wkdYwGif

vlt½kd;rsm; jyefYusJaeqJ jzpfonf/ xkdvlowfuGif;jyifrsm;wGif

aoG;pGef;aeaomt0wfrsm;? vlwkdY\qHyifaxG;rsm;rSm NcHKykwfrsm;ü

NidwG,fvQuf&Sdaeayao;onf/ em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifpGrf; enf;

yg;ao;aomi,f&G,fvSonfh uav;i,frsm;onf t½dk;acgif;rsm;jzifh

twkjrif twwfoifum pdwful;,Ofupm;enf;rsm;udk upm;vsuf

&dSMuonf/ tjcm;usef&pfaomtrSwftom;wdkYrSm rGwfpvifppfwyf\

txl;jyK ypfrSwfrsm;jzpfaom [dE´Lbmom0ifwkdY\ aetdrfrsm;wGif

ygupöwefwkdYu a&;okwfcJhaom t0ga&mif ]tdyfcsf}pmvHk;rsm; jzpf

onf/ (tnTef;-7)

wpfcku (1971)ckESpf? Ekd0ifbmv(1)&ufaeY rwkdifrDjzpfNyD;

tjcm;wpfcku (1972) ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvu jzpfonfh vGwfvyfaom

avhvmcsufESpfcku ta&SUygupöwefa'orS [dE´Lbmom0ifwdkY\

tdrfrsm;udk t0ga&mif ]tdyfcsf} pmvHk;rsm;jzifh trSwftom;jyKcJhMuNyD;

[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;onf ygupöwefppfwyf\ txl;jyK ypfrSwfjzpf

aMumif; twnfjyKxm;ayonf/ tajctaerSm (1939)ckESpfrS

(1944)ckESpftxd emZDwdkYu *sL;vlrsdK;wdkYtm; ypfrSwfxm;vsuf

ESdyfuGyfrIESifh rarQmfvifhbJ qifwlaeaMumif;awGU&NyD; &v'frSmvnf;

qifwlaeayonf/

b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHrS 'ku©onftrsm;pkrSm [dE´Lbmom0if

rsm; jzpfonf/ txufvTwfawmftrwftuf'Gyfuae'Du ol\

tpD&ifcHpmwGif (1971)ckESpf? b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHrS xGufvmaom

'ku©onfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí atmufygtwkdif; tao;pdwf tcsuf

tvufrsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ (1971)ckESpf atmufwkdbm (25)

&ufaeYwGif ta&SUygupöwefa'orS 'ku©onf(9.5)oef; tdEd´,

EkdifiHokdY jzwfausmf0ifa&mufcJhNyD; jzpfonf/ (1971)ckESpf atmuf

wkdbmvwGif ysrf;rQvl0ifEIef;rSm wpf&ufvQif 'ku©onf 106453

OD; jzpfonf/ (tnTef;-3) xkdYaMumifh (1971)ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (3)

&ufwGif jzpfyGm;aom b*Fvm;a'h&fSppfyGJtpü pkpkaygif; 'ku©onf

ta&twGufrSm (10)oef;cefY jzpfonf/ (tnTef;-5)

txufvTwfawmftrwfuae'Du xyfrHí azmfjyonfrSm

tdEd´,tpdk;&onf tqifajyaomae&mrsm;ü [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;ESifh

rGwfpvifrsm;twGuf oD;jcm;'ku©onfpcef;rsm; wnfaxmifay;xm;

&m [dE´L'ku©onfpcef;rsm;onf [dE´Lbmom0if trsm;pk&Sd&ma'o

rsm;ü wnf&SdNyD; tvm;wlyif rGwfpvifpcef;rsm;onf rGwfpvif

trsm;pk&Sd&ma'orsm;wGif wnf&dSonf/ 'ku©onfwdkY\ todkuft0ef;

tvkdufudk,fpm;jyKrIrSm [dE´Lbmom0if (80%)? rGwfpvif(15%)

ESifh c&pf,mefbmom0ifESifh tjcm;olrsm;(5%)jzpfonf/ (tnTef;-8)

þtcsufu 'ku©onf (10)oef;teuf (8)oef;onf

[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;jzpfonf[k qkdvkdayonf/ (tnTef;-8)

þtcsufudk axmufcHaomtjcm;tcsufrSm txufvTwf

awmftrwf uae'Du 'ku©onfpcef;rsm;\ wm0efcHu,fq,fa&;

t&m&Sd tBuD;tuJrsm;pGmtm; rnfonhft&monf csufcsif; tvdktyf

qHk;jzpfonfudk ar;jref;aomtcg olwdkY\ajzqkdcsufu ]rD;oN*dKvf&ef

ae&mrsm;}[lí jzpfonf/ ([dE´Lbmom0ifrsm; aoqHk;aomfrD;oN*dKvf

avh&Sdonf)/

aysmufqHk;aeaom[dE´L bmom0if2.5 oef;? tzGJUtpnf;

trsm;tjym;u ygupöwefppfwyf\ vlrqefaomzdESdyfrIonf

b*FgvD(3)oef;ukd owfjzwfypfcJhaMumif; jyqkdMuonf/ þcefYrSef;

csufudk b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHtpdk;&uyif ay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ (tnTef;

-5) okdY&mwGif udk;uG,f&mbmomtvkduf aoqHk;olwdkYtm; cGJjcm;&ef

rSm tvG,fwul rjzpfEkdifay/

( Burma Democratic Concern (BDC)) wGif azmfjyxm;aom

bmomjyefaqmif;yg;tm; aumufEkwfazmfjyjcif; jzpfygonf/-zsmyHke'D)

olr vufonf;udk

teDa&mifjc,forItwGuf

tif;qufydk;rTm;awG

xnfhxm;aomtdwfxJodkY

olr\vufudk xnfhNyD;

'Pfay;wm....

olronf rsufESmzHk;pGyfudk cRwf&efqHk;jzwfvkdufonfhtwGuf

tpGef;a&muftpövmrfrpfaumifpDtzGJU\ owfjzwf&ef Ncdrf;ajcmufrI

awGudk cH&ygw,f/ wu,fawmh olr av;ESpft&G,fuwnf;u

rdcifjzpfolu t"r® twif;tusyf 0wfckdif;ojzifhom 0wfqifae&

wmjzpfNyD; rdrdoabmt& pdwfBudKufvGwfvyfpGm a&G;cs,fxm;aom

udpör[kwfyg/

olronf &Jpcef;okdYoGm;NyD; acgif;NcHKvTmonf rdcif\

qHk;jzwfcsufomjzpfNyD; rdrd\qHk;jzwfcsuf r[kwfyg/ acgif;pGyfcRwf

vkduf&ojzifh rdrdb0wpfavQmufwGif vGwfvyfrIudk yxrOD;qHk;

tBudrf cHpm;vkduf&ygonf[k aMunmcJhygonf/ ¤if;tjyif tmPm

ykdifawGESifh ukd&rf&fusrf;pmwGif b,fae&mwGifrS

acgif;NcHKvTrf;xm;&ef nTefMum;csuftykd'f

wpfydk'fyif r&Sd[k jiif;qdk axmuf

jycJhygonf/ onfhtwGuf

olr\ vlrItodkif;t0ef;wGif

vnf; tBuD;tus,f a0zef

cH&ygonf/ olr\zcifu

olUtdrfukdcJrsm;ESifh vma&muf

ypfayguf wdkufcdkufcJhygonf/

(Oya'u cGifhjyKxm;avvm;? 'gu

a&m tMurf;zufrIvkdURubby mirror wdkY

½HIUcsEkdifMurvm;)/

ukvor*¾vufatmufcH

vlU tcGifhta&;tzGJU (WFUNA)

tzGJUwGif vkyftm;ay;aeaom olru acgif;NcHKvTmonf tpövmrf

ray:xGef;rDuwnf;u (tpövmrfbmomonf c&pfouú&mZf 600

ausmfwGif pwif ay:xGef;ygonf) tm&yfa,mufsm;? rdef;rrsm;u

&moDOwktajctaet& 0wfqifcJhaom a&S;"avh0wfpm;qif,ifrIom

jzpfygonf/ tpövmrftrsdK;orD;tcGifhta&;twGuf avhvmrIrsm;

vkyfNyD; umZHu rdrdbmaMumifh acgif;NrD;NcHKvTm jzKwf&onfh

taMumif;&if;udk &Sif;vif;cJhygonf/ rdrdbmawGajymif;vJcJh&onfudk

&Sif;jycJhygonf/ (uRefr acgif;NcHKvTmcRwfvkdufwmeJY vGwfvyfrIudk

cHpm;&ygonf/)

vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf jywif;aygufwpfckwnf;uom

MunfhwwfwJhtusifh&aecJhr,fqdk&if ,if;xufydkqkd;0g;pGm wjcm;

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Burma; Bengali planning to invade

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