Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Developments in China Dongquan HE China Sustainable Transportation Center...

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Developments in China

Dongquan HEChina Sustainable Transportation Center

Supported by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Energy FoundationVisit us at http://www.chinastc.org

2006 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)

Overview

Background Problems of Urban Transport Critical time for intervention BRT Systems and Plans in

China Summary About Us


Background Remarkable Economic Growth

Growth of GDP per capita in the past decade has averaged almost 9% per annum

Projected growth at annual rate of 8% during the 11th Five-year plan (2004-2009) by government

Demographic Change Urbanization

Urban Population 600million (40% of total) Urban spatial decentralization

Growth of SuburbsGrowth of Land ConsumptionGovernment pursues a policy to create new Satellite

Cities


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1999 2020

Source: IEA

Mil l

ion b

ar r

els

per

day

(mbd)

Oil Use in China Energy Issue

China is the third biggest consumer of petroleum in the world after U.S and Japan (MOC, 2005)

Will import 100 million tons petroleum in year 2010, 61% of total consume; will import 200 million tons in year 2020, 76.9% of total consume (IEA, 2005)

Background


Source: Tsinghua University, State Council DRC

U.S. Current Level

High Growth Scenario (12%/year)

Low Growth Scenario (8.8%/year)

Veh

icle

Ow

ners

hip

(m

illio

ns)

Background

Car-ownership Growth Private Vehicles ownership is 13 million by year 2004 Government projects that vehicle-ownership will

reach 36 million by year 2010 (MOC, 2005)


Problems of Urban Transport

Severe Traffic Congestion


Passengers Trip rate of Tianjing

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

1990 2000

Year

Perc

enta

ge

By Bus By Private Car


Mode Speed of Xi'an

0

5

10

15

20

Private Car Bus Bike

Spee

d (k

m/h

)

How to Prioritize the Public Transit Trip rate by Public

Transit reduced Low Operation Speed Low Population rate

In Xi’an City, 110,000 new private vehicles each year; 400 new bus only each year. (MOC, 2005)

Passengers Trip rate of Shanghai

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

1990 2000

Year

Perc

enta

ge


Passengers Trip rate of Beijing

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

1990 2000

Year

Perc

enta

ge




CO2 Reducing Crisis



Main Reason: Increased Vehicle Ownership and Trips Rising incomes Increased domestic vehicle production and lower price of

vehicle Low quality of public transit services Urban spatial decentralization


Critical time for intervention

Fast growth and economic change Massive re-construction in urban areas Huge investments channeled to construction Deficient in scientific support Decision making more transparent and open


The Recent Policy of Central Government

State Council Office Decree 46 [2005] give priority to urban public transport: Improve the Public Transport (PT)

infrastructure Optimize the structure of PT operation Guarantee the priority use of road for PT Develop the sector reform


BRT are encouraged as a lower cost rapid transit

solution BRT Benefits:

Efficient usage of urban road resources Save Energy Reduce CO2 Low Investment Easily Construction and short implementation Social Equity


BRT Systems and Plans in China

At least 10 Chinese cities are actively planning or expanding BRT systems with varying approaches Full-fledged BRT

system Incremental

implementation of BRT elements

Beijing

Kunming

Chengdu

Hangzhou

Ji’nanXi’an

Shenzhen


Beijing BRT (Source: Beijing BRT Company, 2006)

Southern Axis BRT Line 1 Opened Dec 30, 2005 18 month implementation New Operation Company Low Investment – US$

4million/km infrastructure 15.8km most exclusive

(13.6km exclusive) Center busway and 19

stations New 18m articulated

vehicles, low floor and use diesel



Southern Axis BRT Line 1 Average Daily Boarding -

90,000 (Highest to 200,000+)

Operation Speed – 22km/h in peak hour and 26km/h off peak

Reliable Services – 90% on schedule

Level Boarding Off-board fare collection Flat Fare: US$0.25 (can be

lowed to US$0.04 by monthly ticket)



Southern Axis BRT Line 1 Frequency of service on p

eak is 1 min headway (2-3min off-peak)

Transit Signal Priority Advanced Scheduling Dis

patch System, Automatic Vehicle Location, Passenger Information and video monitoring

Integration with other mode – Metro, Normal Bus Services and Pedestrians

2006 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC) Image Courtesy of Beijing BRT Company


Future Plan

阜石路阜石路

安立安立

路路

回龙观居住区

天通苑居住区

南中轴路

南中轴路

亦庄经济开发区黄村

朝阳路朝阳路CBD

中央商务区


Hangzhou BRT (Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006)

BRT Line B1 Opened April 26, 2006 16 month planning and

construction Government founded 28 km dedicated right

lane with minimal physical separation (bus lane width is 3.5m)

Average station distance – 1.17km

New domestic made 18m articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel



BRT Line B1 Average daily boarding

- 40,000 (Highest to 50,000+)

Operation speed – 25km/h

Peak Headway – 3min (5 min in off-peak)

Off-board Fare Collection

Level Boarding Flat Fare: US$0.50

(most IC card user can get 50% discount)



BRT Line B1 Transit Signal Priority by

SCATS system Advanced Scheduling

Dispatch System, Automatic Vehicle Location, Real-time Passenger Information and Video Monitoring

Three normal bus routes can enter the BRT corridor to provide services, free transfer between BRT Line B1 and K900 normal bus service



Future Plan

Images Courtesy of Hangzhou Mass Transit Group


Ji’nan BRT Plan (Source: Ji’nan PWD, 2006)

Proposed Beiyuan BRT Line Star construction on

March 2005, expect to be finished at Oct 2007

Government founded New operation

company 12km exclusive Center busway and 20

station (average 608m distance)

18m articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel (double-side door vehicle in consideration)

Image Courtesy of Ji’nan PWD


Ji’nan BRT Plan (Source: Ji’nan PWD, 2006)

Proposed Beiyuan BRT Line Short term design

capacity – 10,000 pdph (20,000 pdph for long term)

Proposed Operation speed – >22km/h

Proposed Reliable services –90% on schedule

Frequency of Service on Peak is 2-5 min headway

Off-board fare collection Level boarding

Image Courtesy of Ji’nan PWD


Others

Kunming (Spring City) Chengdu (Panda’s

Hometown) Xi’an (Qin-Soldiers’

Hometown) Shenzhen (New-face

of China)Image Courtesy of Cnwest


Summary

China focus on solving urban transportation problems by improving the Public Transit service

BRT as a form of sustainable urban transport whose cost-effectiveness and flexibility makes it particularly suitable for development in China.

International BRT experience and practice are important to China

It’s time to open the BRT Era in China


About Us

The China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC) is a non-governmental, non-profit organization founded and supported by The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and The Energy Foundation.

Our Mission is “To help China's cities design and implement sustainable, multi-modal urban transportation systems, particularly bus rapid transit.”

CSTC are working in Beijing, Kunming, Hangzhou, Ji'nan, Xi'an, Shenzhen and Hefei to help develop and implement BRT systems .

Please visit us at http://www.chinastc.org


Thank YouFor your attention

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