ISSUE - USE OF MATERIAL IN TRUE EXPRESSION(STEEL)

INTEGRATED “BUS TERMINAL-CUM-COMMERCIAL COMPLEX” AT MOHALI

THESIS REPORT 2010 – 11‟…

THESIS BY – GAURAV KUMAR,

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, GBTU, LUCKNOW

CERTIFICATE

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, GBTUtagore marg, lucknow-226007

This is to certify that this thesis entitledINTEGRATED” BUS TERMINAL CUM COMMERCIAL COMPLEX AT MOHALI ”is the

bonfire work of Gaurav kumar & submitted by him in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of theBachelor’s Degree in Architecture.

RECOMMENDED ACCEPTED

(Principal)(Thesis Advisor)

Thesis Examined(External Examiners)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my faculty members, for his concern, support and guidance throughout my thesis.He sorted out all my problems and queries and gave valuable suggestions to benefit my project.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank Proff. Mukul Singh, thesis coordinator and for approving my thesis and fulfilling theofficial formalities for the same.

I would also like to thank my jury members for their valuable criticism during the internal juries, which helped a lot in the completionof this thesis.

DEDICATED TO “MY IDEALFATHER”AND

“ GOOGLE ”FOR THEIR ENCOURAGEMENT AND MORAL SUPPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1-2

3-6

INTRODUCTIONAIMS AND OBJECTIVES

METHODOLOGY

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

ISSUEUSE OF MATERIAL IN TRUE EXPRESSION i.e. (STEEL)

………… 7 - 13

………… 14 - 34

………… 35 - 38

CLIENT BRIEF, SITE STUDY & ANALYSISLOCATION ANALYSIS

SURROUNDINGS & APPROACH

VEGETATION, SERVICES, TOPOGRAPHY & CLIMATE, ETC

CASE STUDY

ISBT KASHMERE GATE, DELHIISBT SEC17, CHANDIGARHANSAL PLAZA, DELHI

LIT STUDYSUPER BUS TERMINAL, JALANDHAR

……………………

3940 - 41

INFERENCESSTANDARDS

TURNING CIRCUITBUS BAY AREABUS & CAR PARKING

HIRED MODE PARKINGAREA ANALYSIS ………… 42 - 44

REQUIREMENTS ………… 45AREA CALCULATION ………… 46 - 47

…………

…………

48

49 - 55

TRAFFIC FLOW ANALYSISFLOW CHART

EVOLUTION OF IDEA, CONCEPT & SKETCHESCONCEPTZONINGSKETCHESWORKING MODELS

56 - 58DRAWING & DETAILSLAYOUT PLANFLOOR PLANSELEVATIONSSECTIONS3 – D VIEWS& DETAILS…………………………………..

ELECTIVESFIRE FIGHTINGWORKING DRAWING

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Multiuse space concept

Aim

Objective

Methodology

Scope

Limitation

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION……….

TRANSPORTATION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AID OF COMMUNICATION FROM ONE PLACE TO OTHERFOR VISITING PURPOSE OR IN THE SENSE OF TOURISM. A NUMBER OF FACTORS LIKE THE CONVENIENCE FROM ONE PLACE TO THEOTHER, PROMOTION OF TOURISM, FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PLACES ETC. HAVE PREDICTED THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNINGSUCH AS ROADWAYS INDUSTRIES IN THE ASSENSE OF BUS TERMINALS.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IMPROVES THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PROGRESS AND FURTHERTRANSFORMS THE SOCIETY INTO AN ORGANIZED ONE. IT IS ONE OF THE ESSENTIAL SERVICES, VITAL FORCE FOR DETERMINING THEDIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT. TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED TRANSPORTATION BALANCE AND FOR THE SYSTEM TO BE EFFICIENT, IT ISESSENTIAL TO PROVIDE ORGANIZED FACILITIES IN THE SYSTEM.AS TRANSPORTATION IS CONCERNED WITH THE MOVEMENT BETWEEN ORIGIN AND DESTINATION INVOLVES THE MOVEMENT OFPEOPLE AND GOODS, THERE IS NEED FOR AN ACCESS POINT IN THE SYSTEM FOR USE.

“MULTIUSE SPACE CONCEPT”EFFICIENT USE OF SPACE FOR ENTERTAINMENT, SHOPPING & RELATED ACTIVITY, CONCEPT OF PLANNING OF DIFFERENT ACTIVITYEVOLUTION OF COMMERCIAL COMPLEX i.e. ANCIENT AGORA & MEDIEVAL PLAZA OF EUROPEAN CITIESINDIAN CONTEXT – INDIAN BAZZARSDAILY SHOPPING AT TERMINAL ITSELF RATHER THAN GOING TO MARKET PLACES AND THUS SAVE TIME.AIM -TO ACHIEVE DESIGN EXCELLENCE AND TO COME UP WITH A PROTOTYPE DESIGN FOR A BUS TERMINAL FOR FUTURE AND URBANSCENARIO WHERE SPACE WILL BECOME PRECIOUS COMMODITY & HIGH BUS TRIP WILL HAVE TO SUPPORT FROM SMALL SITE.FURTHERTO SAVE SPACE COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES WILL BE INCORPORATE WITH BUS TERMINAL AND GIVE TO MOHALI A MISSING LANDMARKBUILDING.OBJECTIVE –PROVIDE AN ARCHITECTURE SOLUTION FOR INTEGRATING THE TERMINAL WITH COMMERCIAL COMPLEX.

1

UNDERSTANDINGBASICNEEDOFDESIGN,ITSSCOPE&LIMITATIONNECESSARYDATACOLLECTED&ANALYSISSITEANALYSIS CASESTUDY LITSTUDY

STUDYOFSPATIALREQUIREMENT

STDUYOFSPATIALINTERRELATIONSHIP STUDYOFSPATIAL

ORGANIZATIONSTUDYFLOWCIRCULATIONOFPEOPLE&SERVICE

COMARATIVEANLYSIS

FRAMINGREQUIREMENTEVOLUTIONOFDESIGNCONCEPTBUILDINGOFCONCEPT&DESIGNFINALDESIGNSOLUTION

ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERATION TRANSPORTATION REGULATION ECONOMIC STANDARD

TO PROVIDE FAST & UNDERSTANDING FLOW OF TRAFFIC.TO PROVIDE CLEAR SEGREGATION OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF TRAFFIC, NO CONGESTION AT PEAK HOUR.TO PROVIDE OPTIMUM CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ALL ELEMENTS AND SPACES, I.E. CLEAR CONNECTION OF FUNCTIONS.TO INCORPORATE TODAY’S COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM ETC. IN TO DESIGNMETHODOLOGY

SCOPE & LIMITATIONFRAMING REQUIREMENT FOR A MAX NOS. OF PASSENGER PER DAY IN BOTH DIRECTIONSSTUDYING THE VARIOUS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, FIREFIGHTING SYSTEM, ETC.

2

Use of material in true expression

(Steel)

Lit study - Pompidou center

ISSUE OR THRUST AREA

ISSUEORTHRUSTAREAUSE OF MATERIAL IN TRUE EXPRESSION (STEEL)

• FROM FURNITURE TO RAILWAYS, CONSTRUCTION TO FARMING, ARCHITECTURETO AUTOMOBILES, SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS TO RAZOR BLADES,

••

COINS TO AEROSPACE... STEEL IS EVERYWHERE.WHEN STAINLESS STEEL WAS ACCIDENTALLY DISCOVERED BY AN ENGLISH METALLURGIST, HARRY REARLEY, IN AUGUST 1913,

NO ONE COULD HAVE THOUGHT THAT IT WOULD SO QUICKLY BECOME THE MATERIAL OF THE MODERN PROGRESSIVE WORLD IN SUCH ASHORT TIME. BUTIT DID.

• TO ADD A HIGH PROPORTION OF CHROMIUM - KNOWN TO HAVE A HIGH MELTING POINT- TO SEE IF IT WOULD INCREASE THERESISTANCETOSUCHHIGHTEMPERATUREEROSION.

• STAINLESS STEEL IS AN IRON ALLOY WHICH CONTAINS A MINIMUM OF 11 PER CENT CHROMIUM BESIDES SOME OTHERADDITIVES LIKE NICKEL, MOLYBDENUM, TITANIUM, ALUMINIUM AND COPPER.

• STAINLESS STEEL IS ATTRACTIVE BECAUSE OF ITS RESISTANCE TO EROSION AND CORROSION; IT IS LIGHTWEIGHT WITHOUTCOMPROMISING STRENGTH. MOREOVER, IT IS HEAT RESISTANT, DURABLE, IMPACT RESISTANT, LOW MAINTENANCE, FLEXIBLE, HAS ALOW LIFE-CYCLE COST AND AN AESTHETIC APPEARANCE.

3

• THE USES OF STEEL ARE DIVERSE AND PLENTY

• THIS METAL'SAMAZING QUALITY OF BEING CORROSION RESISTANT IS DUE TO THE ADDITION OF CHROMIUM, WHICH FORMS A NATURAL OXIDEFILM ON ITS SURFACE. THIS PASSIVE FILM IS THINNER THAN A STRAND OF HAIR.

• THIS THIN ADHERING FILM IS IMPERVIOUS TO AIR AND WATER AND ACTS AS A PROTECTIVE LAYER WHICH IMMEDIATELYREPAIRS ITSELF IF THE SURFACE IS DAMAGED, THUS PREVENTING CORROSION. THIS PHENOMENON IS CALLED 'PASSIVATION'.

•WHILE WE TAKE THE ROLE OF STAINLESS STEEL IN OUR DAILY LIVES FOR GRANTED, A HEARTENING FACT IS THAT THIS IS A 100 PERCENT RECYCLABLE MATERIAL. THE MAIN SOURCE OF RAW MATERIAL FOR STAINLESS STEEL IS RECYCLED METAL. OVER 50 PER CENT OF

4

•••

STAINLESS STEEL HAS FOUR BROAD CATEGORIES: MARTENSITIC, FERRITIC, AUSTENITIC AND DUPLEX.AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL IS THE MOST WIDELY USED VARIETY BECAUSE OF ITS GOOD HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATUREPROPERTIES AND BECAUSE IT IS NON MAGNETIC.

5NEW STAINLESS STEEL IS PRODUCED FROM RECYCLED SCRAP. THIS MEANS THAT THE NEW STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCT YOU BUY HASBEEN PART OF A USEFUL PRODUCT IN THE SAME METAL IN AN EARLIER LIFE.THOUGH IT IS RECYCLED AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE,

6

Client brief,Location analysis

SurroundingsApproach

Site descriptionVegetation, services, topography & climate ETC

CLIENT BRIEF & SITE ANALYSIS

CLENT BRIEF

PUNJAB INFRASTRUCTUREDEVELOPMENT

BOARD, (PIDB)HAS PROPOSED TO DEVELOP MODERN FULLYAIR-CONDITIONED BUS TERMINALS ACROSSMOHALI.FACILITIES SUCH AS SHOPPING MALLS, OFFICECOMPLEX, FOOD COURTS, ETC.

FURTHERMORE, HAS PROPOSED TO REVAMP.GREATER MOHALI AREA DEVELOPMENT

AUTHORITY &DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT, GOP ANDTHE PRIVATE SECTOR PLAYER (PSP)INTRODUCTION TO REGIONCHANDIGARH, THE CAPITAL OF HARYANA ANDPUNJAB, IS CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE MOSTWELL PLANNED CITIES IN INDIA. THE CITY WASCONCEIVED BY THE FAMOUS FRENCH

ARCHITECT, LE CORBUSIER IN 1953, OWING TOITS DEVELOPED SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ANDHIGHER QUALITY OF LIFE LEADING THE REALESTATE GROWTH TOWARDS THE ADJOININGREGIONS (SUCH AS MOHALI, PANCHKULA, ETC.)WITH AMPLE AVAILABILITY OF LAND.

7

18TH DISTRICT OF PUNJAB 13.04.06.EXTENSION OF ‘CITY BEAUTIFUL – CHANDIGARH’

MOHALI, ALSO KNOWN AS SAS NAGAR (SAHIBZADA AJIT SINGH NAGAR), IS AN EXTENDEDCONURBATION OF CHANDIGARH, TOWARDS ITS SOUTH-WEST, IN PUNJAB & KNOWN AS AN ORGANIC EXTENSIONTO CHANDIGARH SHARES SIMILAR DEMOGRAPHICS AS THEUNION TERRITORY DURING INCEPTION, CHANDIGARH CITYWAS PLANNED TO HOUSE A POPULATION OF APPROX.150,000 ACROSS 30 LOW DENSITY SECTORS. HOWEVER,WITH ITS GROWING PROMINENCE, ITS POPULATION

EXPONENTIALLY INCREASED AND THUS THE CITY EXPANDEDBY ADDITIONAL 17 SECTORS CAPABLE OF HOUSING AN ADDITIONAL 350,000 PEOPLE.AS OF DATE, CHANDIGARH ALSO SHARES PARTS OF SECTORS 48 TO 56, 61 AND 63 WITH MOHALI.COMMERCIAL OFFICE SEGMENT ACTIVITY IN THE CITY HAS BEEN LIMITED TO OFFICES OF INSURANCECOMPANIES, BANKS, REGIONAL OFFICES, SALES DISTRIBUTION CENTERS, REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS, ETC.THE OFFICE ACTIVITY PRIMARILY HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN THE SECTOR MARKETS WHICH ARE NON INVESTMENTGRADE IN NATURE, AND OFFER SCO ………………….(SHOP CUM OFFICE) FORMAT OF DEVELOPMENT MIX WITH TRANSPORT…………………..….NEED FOR NEW BUSTERMINAL & COMMERCIAL COMPLEX, PRESENT BUS TERMINAL 62 SECTOR. EXTRA PRESSURE ON ISBT 43,DESIGN-BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFERS (DBOT)PROPOSED BUS TERMINAL WOULD MAINLY BE A TRANSIT BUS TERMINAL FOR NORTHERN PUNJAB, HIMACHALAND J&K BUSES POTENTIAL BUS TRIPS / DAY ~1938

8

STRENGTH WEAKNESS

FRONTAGEONALLTHREESIDESPROVIDESTHESUBJECTSITEWITHMULTIPLEACCESSPROXIMITYTOCHANDIGARHANDESTABLISHEDRESIDENTIALCATCHMENTSOFMOHALIEXPECTEDTOENHANCESUBJECTSITEIMAGE

SUBJECTSITEISLOCATEDWITHINTHEPRECINCTSOFTHEMOHALIINDUSTRIALAREAWHICHMAYNEGATIVELYAFFECT

OPPORTUNITY THREATS

SUBJECTSITELIESONANEMERGINGGROWTHVECTOR.DIRECTCONNECTIVITYTOMOHALIAIRPORTPROPOSEDFORUPGRADATION,FROMA4-LANETOA6-LANEWIDEROAD

UPCOMINGSUPPLYINALLREALSTTECOMPONENTSINTOWNSHIPALONGTHECHANDIGARH–KHARARROADWIILACTASPOSSIBLEFUTURECOMPETIONTOSUBJECTDEVELOPMENT

LOCATION ANALYSIS/SPATIAL SPREAD

THE SUBJECT SITE IS STRATEGICALLY LOCATED AT VERKA CHOWK, AT THE BEGINNING OF THE CHANDIGARH -KHARAR ROAD (NH 21)WITH SUPERIOR ACCESS FROM CHANDIGARH AND MOHALI. THE SITE IS SURROUNDED BY THE INDUSTRIAL AREA OF MOHALI, WHICHHOUSES PROMINENT BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS SUCH AS RANBAXY, DELL, VERKA, ETC. CHANDIGARH - KHARAR ROAD ALSOPROVIDESDIRECT ACCESS BETWEEN CHANDIGARH AND OTHER IMPORTANT CITIES IN THE NEIGHBOURING STATES OF PUNJAB, HARYANA ANDHIMACHAL PRADESH. THIS HAS RESULTED IN HIGH INTER-STATE TRAFFIC ALONG THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY - 21, RESULTING IN IDEALPOSITIONING FOR A TRANSIT BUS TERMINAL ALONG WITH A COMMERCIAL COMPLEX AT THE SUBJECT SITE.SWOT ANALYSIS

9

100

SITEANALYSISREGIONAL/URBANCONTEXT LOCATIONREGIONALLINKAGEI.E.ROADCONNECTION TOPOGRAPHICALDATACITYLEVELFACILITIES&AMENITIES CLIMATOLOGICALLYDATALANDUSE,DEVELOPMENTCONTROLSANDBYLAWS

SITESURROUNDING

ANALYSISOFDATACOLLECTED

SITE DESCRIPTION

SITE ANALYSIS

SITE DETAILS

SITE AREA – 7.02 ACRES (28439.4711 SQ. M)

110

PERMITTED GROUND COVERAGE 40 % = 11375.78 SQ.M & FAR = 1:3,PARKING NOT INCLUDED IN FARTOTAL BUILT UP AREA = 3 X 28439.47 SQ.M =85318.41 SQ.MHEIGHT MAX 145MTS,SITE LIES IN THE 8TH RING FROM THE AIRPORT

&SUBJECT TO APPROVAL FROM AIRPORT

AUTHORITY.PARKING FOR COMMERCIAL 3 ECS PER 100 SQMTRS COVERED AREA ON THE FLOORS2ECS PER100 SQ.MTS FOR SHOPPING1.5 ECS PER 100 SQ.MTS OF OFFICETOPOGRAPHY – SLOPE OF THE SITE AND WATERDRAIN TOWARDS THE ROAD AND MORE FLATLAND.VEGETATION – FEW OF TREES AT PERIPHERY –CAN BE CUT PERMISSION FROM AUTHORITY (GMADA, PIDB)GEOLOGY - SOIL TEST CONDUCTED BY GMADA. SOIL IS FIT FOR THIS TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK.SERVICES - WATER SUPPLY, ELECTRICITY – CABLE, TELEPHONE LINE RUNNING ALONG THE SITEMECHANICAL VENTILATION SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR BASEMENT PARKINGINFERENCEPRIME LOCATION CREATE INTEREST FROM ALL SIDESTHREE SIDES INTERNAL TRAFFIC SHOULD CAUSES MAX DISTURBANCETRIANGULAR SITE LIMIT THE DESIGN

120

ENVIORNMENTOAL ASPECT SHOULD KEEP IN MIND WHILE DESIGNING I.E. TO REDUCE NOISE & AIR POLLUTION.CLIMATE DATA

130

ISBT, sec-17, Chandigarh

ISBT kashmere gate, delhi

Super bus terminal, Jalandhar

Ansal plaza, khel gaon marg, delhi

CASE & LIT STUDY

ISBT, SECTOR 17, CHANDIGARH 1950…………………..1956 – 57

THE BUS TERMINAL WAS DEVELOPED TO SERVE AS THE PRIMARY TRANSPORT NODE FOR CHANDIGARH CITY,SECOND ISBT SEC 43 TO MEET THE GROWING DEMAND 1500 FLEET OF BUSES COMING FROM OUT STATION

ITISLOCATEDWITHIN2-3MILESFROMTHERAILWAYSTATION.SITEISATTHECROSSINGOFV3ROADS. ALONGTHEREAREFOURSECTORS,THESE ARE19, 18,16&22.SITE HAS BEEN APPROACHED BY TWO MAJOR, HIGHWAYSNH-21TORUPNAGARANDNH-22TO SHIMLA.

140

OPERATOR CHANDIGARHTRANSPORTUNDERTAKINGARCHITECT ADITYAPRAKASHCOMPLETEDIN 1957TOTALAREAOFTHESITE 8.5ACRES(NOWINCREASEDTO10ACRES)BUILDINGSTRUCTURE MAX.G+1

1.5LKH 3.5LKH 5LKH 8.5LKHISBT17 SECONDPHASE INCREASEBEYONDEXPECTIO

NISBT43

CATERING TO PASSANGER TRAFFICE FROM CHANDIGARH, DELHI AND HARYANA

DETAILED COMPONENTS –MAIN STRUCTURE SOMEWHAT CENTRALLY LOCATED IN THE MAIN BUILDING WITH CENTRAL WAITING HALL, ALL PASSENGERS ANDSTAFF FACILITIES ARE LOCATED AROUND ITIT IS COLUMN AND BEAM STRUCTURE WITH SQUARE GRIDS OF 17’3” X 17’3”.FAÇADE IS OF EXPOSE BRICKWORK.ALONG THE N- W SIDE, THE BUILDING IS IN THREE LEVELS

DESIGNPRINCIPLES-ENTRY ANDEXITOFTHEINTERSTATE BUSES ARE PROVIDED EXCLUSIVELYFROMTHE BUS LANE.

SEPARATE PARKING LOTS FOR-CITYBUSES,PRIVATE VEHICLES,AUTO RICKSHAW,TAXI.CYCLE, RICKSHAW

150

SEPARATE ENTRIESFORTHEINTERCITYBUSES.CONCEPT OF CORRIDOR PLANNING.PLAY OF LIGHT WITH THE USE OF ROOFS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS.SOW TOOTH LOADING PLATFORMS.SCOPE FOR FUTURE EXPANSION.IT CATERS TO A DAILY OF 3456 BUSES AND HANDLES BUSES FROM 5 STATES &IUT (CHANDIGARH).OPEN COURTYARD HAS BEEN PROVIDED FOR LIGHT AND VENTILATION OF BUILDING BUT DUE TO LACK OF PROPER MAINTENANCE THECOURTYARD REMAIN DIRTY.THE RESTAURANT OF FIRST FLOOR NEVER FULLY UTILIZED THE REASON BEING THAT THE PASSENGER ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE IT AND IFSITTING IN THE RESTAURANT, CANNOT KEEP EYE ON THE BUSES.AT SOME PLACE, TOILET ARE NOT PROVIDEDTHE SITTING CAPACITY FOR THE PASSENGER IS INSUFFICIENTTHE LIGHT AND VENTILATION IS QUITE GOOD IN THE BUILDING EXCEPT THE TOILET WHERE VENTILATION IS PROVIDED BUT DIRECTSUNLIGHT DOES NOT ENTER.

160

170

CLOAK ROOM ETC.FIRST FLOOR – RAILWAY BOOKING OFFICE, POST OFFICE, POLICE POST, STATION SUPERVISOR ROOM, TOURIST INFORMATION OFFICE,RESTAURANT, TOURIST REST ROOM, TOURISM OFFICE OF CHANDIGARH ETC. HAVE BEEN PROVIDED.PARKING

LOADING PLATFORM

A TOTAL NO OF 53 LOADING BAYSTHE LOADING BAYS ARE STRAIGHT SAW TOOTH TYPE 12’6” WIDE AND 4” HIGH.COVERED PLATFORM, MANY OF BUS STOPPERSSOMETIMES DURING PEAK HOURS, 2- 3 BUSES STAND ON A SINGLE BAY THUS CREATE CONGESTIONUNLOADING PLATFORM

NEAR THE ENTRY POINT DUE TO LACK OF COVERED PLATFORM, ITS UNDERSELL DURING SUMMER AND RAINY SEASONIDEAL PARKING

A TOTAL NO OF 71 BUS PARKING, BAYS ARE PROVIDED OF WHICH 7 ARE PROVIDED OF WHICH FOR LONG TERM PARKINGIDEAL PARKING IS PROVIDED ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE LOADING PLATFORM

PARKING FOR LOCAL CONVEYANCE BACK SIDE OF TERMINUS, FROM WHERE THE PEOPLE ENTER THE TERMINAL.500 SCOOTER & 25- 30 CARSA LARGE SPACE IN THE BASEMENT IS ALSO PROVIDED ADJACENT TO THE OPEN PARKING FOR PRIVATE VEHICLESIT HAS A CAPACITY OF 500 SCOOTER & 1500 CYCLES ONLY

LIGHT IS THE MAIN PROBLEM IN THE BASEMENT AS SKYLIGHTS PROVIDED ARE INSUFFICIENT AND ACTS AS VENTILATOR ONLY.SUBWAY- THE PEDESTRIAN FROM THE SECTOR 22 SIDE GO BY THE UNDERGROUND SUBWAY TO REACH THE TERMINUS.

18GROUND FLOOR - WAITING HALL, CANTEEN, LOADING BAYS, TICKET COUNTER, TOILET, FOOD, AND BOOKSTALL, ENQUIRY OFFICE, 0

ARCHITECT V.P.DHAMIJA&RAJINDERKUMARCOMPLETEDIN 1973SITEAREA 11ACRES

ISBT KASHMERE GATE

BACKGROUND

190

MODES OF TRANSPORTATIONIN THE DEPARTURE BLOCK TWO RAMPS AND TWO STAIRCASES ARE PROVIDED TO CONNECT MAIN LOUNGE.AN OVER BRIDGE IS ALSO PROVIDED TO CONNECT INTER STATE TERMINAL BUILDING TO DTC BLOCK.ASUBWAYTOACCESSDTCBUSESHASBEENPROVIDED,WHICHSEGREGATESTHEMOVEMENTOFPASSENGERSUSINGTHELOCALANDTHEINTERSTATEBUSES..

200

CIRCULATION

•AN EFFICIENT CIRCULATION PATTERN IS FOLLOWED IN THE ISBT. THERE IS SEGREGATION IN CIRCULATION OF BUSES AND NON - BUS(OTHER LIGHT VEHICLES) TRAFFIC DUE TO THE DIFFERENCE IN MOVEMENT CHARACTER.

••THERE IS A SEPARATE ENTRY AND EXIT POINTS FOR INTER-CITY AND INTRA-CITY BUS SERVICES.THERE IS A PROPER SEGREGATION FOR VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT.

DESIGN PRINCIPLESSEGREGATION OF DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORT & ACTIVITIESSEGREGATION OF ALIGHTING AND BOARDING PLATFORMSSEGREGATION OF INCOMING AND OUTGOING PASSENGERS AT TWO LEVELS.

ARRIVAL BLOCK - IT IS 7 STORIED STRUCTURES

GROUND FLOOR

IT IS ARRIVAL BLOCK HAVING 19 UNLOADING PLATFORMS.ANGULAR BAYS ARE PROVIDED FOR THE UNLOADING OPERATION,CONTROL ROOM, ENQUIRY COUNTERS, TOURIST INFORMATION COUNTERSTHE SPACE IS DULL AND DARK DUE TO INSUFFICIENT NATURAL LIGHTTHERE ARE SUFFICIENT NUMBERS OF PUBLIC AMENITIES PROVIDED IN THIS AREA.THERE ARE MANY EATING JOINTS BUT NO SMOKE OUTLETS ARE PROVIDED.FIRST FLOORTHE MAIN ENTRANCE LEVEL OF THE FIRST FLOOR LINKS THE OUTGOING PORCH TO ENTRYLOUNGE AND FACILITIES LIKE POST OFFICES, ENQUIRY AND BANK ARE PROVIDED AT THIS LEVEL.SECONDTOFOURTHFLOOR

210

MAINTENANCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF IS ACCOMMODATED ON THE SECOND FLOOR AND THE VARIOUS TRANSPORT COMPANYOFFICES AND OTHER TERMINAL STAFF ON THE THIRD AND FOURTH FLOORS.AT FOURTH LEVEL THE ROOF OF THE CORRIDOR HAS BEEN LOWERED DOWN TO ACCOMMODATE THE SERVICE PIPES FIFTH FLOOR OF UPPER LEVELS.

FIFTH FLOOR WAS DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE THE TRANSIT HOTEL FOR OVERNIGHT STAYING PASSENGERS, BUT NOW THE COMPLETEFLOOR IS USED AS OFFICERS OF DELHI ADMINISTRATION FOR EARNING REVENUE.SIXTH FLOOR HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR RESIDENTIAL USE BY FULL TIME STAFF AND SOME ADMINISTRATIVESTAFF WITH THE FACILITIES OFDOUBLE BED ROOM FLAT AND SINGLE BEDROOM FLAT.LOUVERS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED FOR BETTER LIVING ACCOMMODATION.LINK BLOCK

IT IS A CONNECTING BLOCK BETWEEN ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE BLOCK AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL.THIS BLOCK WAS DESIGNED FOR TICKET BOOTHS FOR EACH PARKING BERTH.NOW 90% OF THE TICKET BOOTHS PROVIDED HERE IS NOT USED AS THEY HAVE SET UP THEIR COUNTERS (CURRENT BOOKING) ATDEPARTURE LEVEL.SKY LIGHT HAS BEEN USED TO BRING NATURAL LIGHT IN THIS AREA. THESE ARE BOTH CIRCULAR AND CONICAL

220

SECTION SHOWING ROOFING SYSTEMCIRCULAR CUTOUTS OF SKYLIGHTS 1 M, 2M AND 3 M DIAMETERS HAVE BEEN USED ABOVE THE WAITING AREADEPARTURE BLOCK IT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO LEVELS.THE LOWER ONE FOR THE USE OF OUTGOING PASSENGERS AND BUSES, ANDTHE UPPER LEVEL FOR WAITING OUT SEATING PURPOSES. A MEZZANINE IS ALSO PROVIDED TO HOUSE THE OFFICES AND REST ROOMS OFBUS CREW. THE UPPER LEVEL IS NOT BEING USED TO ITS FULL EXTEND, HENCE CREATING CONGESTION AT LOWER LEVEL.KIOSKS AND STALLSHAVE BEEN LOCATED BETWEEN THE BUS BAY AND WAITING AREA AND ATTRACT LOT OF PASSENGERS TO COME. THIS CROWD CLOCKS THEBUS BAY VIEW FROM WAITING ARE RESULTING IN THE CONGESTION ON CONCOURSE WHILE THE WAITING AREA REMAINS EMPTY.

23SMALL ENQUIRY OFFICES OF DIFFERENT STATE TOURISM AND SMALL SECURITY CELL ARE PROVIDED IN THE CENTRE AROUND A LARGE DIA 0HOLLOW COLUMN WHICH ACT AS THE SKYLIGHT FOR ARRIVAL BLOCK BELOW.THIS BLOCK A LARGE WAITING AREA TO FACILITATE PASSENGERTHE WAITING AREA IN THE LINK BLOCK IS NOT USED AS MUCH BECAUSE PASSENGER HAVE TENDENCY TO WAIT NEAR THE DEPARTUREPLATFORM OF THE BUS.THE COUNTER IN THE LINK BLOCK IS ONLY BEING USED FOR ADVANCE RESERVATION FACILITIES.

ANGULAR BAYS ARE PROVIDED FOR LOADING PLATFORMS WHICH ARE EFFICIENTFORLOADING OPERATIONAND REQUIRE LESS AREA.ANGULAR BAYS ARE PROVIDED FOR LOADING PLATFORM, SOA. PASSENGER HAS CLEAR APPROACH TO ENTRY DOOR.B. AREA REQUIRED PER VEHICLE IS LESS.2. UNLOADING PLATFORMS ARE NOT PROVIDED.3. THE AREA OF REST ROOM FOR BUS CREW STAFF IS VERY LESS AND THERE ARE NO TOILET FACILITIES FOR THEM.4. TOILET FACILITIES AND WAITING FACILITIES ARE LESS5. EATING AND DRINKING WATER FACILITIES ARE SUFFICIENTTHE KITCHEN AND RESTAURANT SPACE IN THE DEPARTURE BLOCK IS NOW BEING USED AS OFFICES OFTHE DELHI ADMINISTRATION DUE TO WHICH, MANY UNWANTED PEOPLE COME TO THIS AREA DISTURBINGTHE FUNCTIONING OF THE TERMINUS.

240

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMTHEBUILDINGISACOLUMN BEAMBASED STRUCTURE, USECOFFERED SLAB TO ACHIEVELARGE SPANTHEREBY REDUCINGTHE NUMBEROF COLUMN ANDINCREASING THEFREE SPACEINSIDE.THERMAL COMFORT AND DAYLIGHTING

THE ENTIRE BUILDING IS QUITE COOL IN THE SUMMER BECAUSE IT IS HEAVILY LOUVERED ON ALL SIDES WHICH PREVENT THE DIRECT SUNLIGHT,PREVENTING DIRECT HEATING OF THE INTERNAL AREAS.THE MASSIVE ROOF LIGHTS OVER THE DEPARTURE AREA AID IN NATURAL LIGHTING.THE BUILDING BECOMES VERY CHILLY IN THE WINTERS, SINCE IT IS OPEN ON ALL SIDES, AND THERE IS NO PROTECTION FROM THE COLD DRAUGHTWHATSOEVER.SINCE THE LOADING AND UNLOADING AREAS ARE PARTIALLY OR WHOLLY COVERED, THIS LEADS TO A LOT OF THE POLLUTEDAIR GETTING TRAPPED INSIDE THE WAITING AREAS.

250

TOILET GENTS-74NOS.LADIES-64NOS.

WATERPOINTS 75NOS.PUBLICADDRESSSYSTEM 01NO.POLICEPOST 01NO.CLOAKROOMS 01NO.ENQUIRY&BOOTH 02NO.DELUXETOILETS GENTS-03NOS.

LADIES-02NOS.

WATERCOOLERS 10NOS.DIESELGENERATORSET 02NOS.

TOTALBUILTUPFLOORAREA 3,36,305SQFT(7.72ACRES)

AREAOFARRIVALBLOCK 159355SQFT

AREAOFDEPARTUREBLOCK 103700SQFT.AREAOFLINKBLOCK 54350SQFTAREAOF1FLOOR 2.19ACRESAREAOFTOILETS/URINALS 0.38ACRESTICKETCOUNTERS 5SQM

AREA ANALYSIS

PUBLIC FACILITIES

S. NO

12345678910111213

OCCUPANCY

30.9

SERVICE PROVIDER

UP ROADWAYSUTTARAKHANDPUNJABRAJASTHANHIMACHAL PRADESHHARYANADTCJAMMU & KASHMIRCHANDIGARH TRANSP. CORP.PVT (ON PERMIT BY STA)PVT (OTHER)OTHERSTOTAL BUSES

NUMBER OFBUSES

1851

NUMBEROF TRIPS390165123100686472302333535231851

FOOT-FALL57209

BUS TRAFFIC SURVEY-OBSERVED PEAK HOUR FLOW IS 6.4% AT KASHMIRI GATE

260

ANSAL PLAZA AT DELHI, KHEL GAON MARGANSAL PLAZA AT DELHI IS AN EXQUISITE SAMPLE OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE BEAUTIFULLY LANDSCAPED WITH GREENERY ANDFOUNTAINS. LOCATED AT HUDCO PLACE IN THE HEART OF DELHI.

27

BUILTUPAREA 17760SQ.M.

CIRCULATION 3300SQ.M.

COREAREA 1440SQ.M.

OFFICIAL 8265.66SQ.M.

SHOPPING 9495SQ.M.

CIRCULATIONOFFICIAL-

1349SQ.M.

SHOWROOMI 130SQ.M.

SHOWROOMII 80SQ.M.

DEPARTMENTALSTORES(G.F.)

760SQ.M.

ENTRANCELOBBIES

102SQ.M.

FIRECONTROLROOM

14.4SQ.M.

RESTAURANT 200SQ.M.

LIFTLOBBIES 20SQ.M.

TOILET 20SQ.M.

BASEMENTAREA 10000SQ.M.

GRID 6MX8M&7M

BACKGROUND

LOCATION:

SUB LOCATION:

DEVELOPER:

TOTAL FLOORS

ARCHITECT

SITEAREA

SOUTH DELHI

KHEL GAON MARG

ANSAL PROPERTIES & INFRASTRUCTURE.

GROUND + 3 FLOORS

JASBIR SAWANAY ASSOCIATES

14000SQM.

o

o

o

o

o

28

ANSAL PLAZA IS SITUATED NEAR THE POSH MARKET AREA OF SOUTH EXTENSION IN SOUTH DELHI. AN AMPHITHEATER WITH ACENTER STAGE ALONG WITH A 45-FEET HIGH ATRIUM FRENCH GLASS CURTAIN WALL THAT FILTERS OUT ULTRAVIOLET AND OTHERHARMFUL RADIATIONS THIS MALL IS CONSIDERED AN ARCHITECTURAL SPLENDOR. IT HAS EMERGED AS A MAJOR LANDMARK.THE MALL OFFERS A CLIMATE-CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT THAT REMOVES THE FATIGUE USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SHOPPING,COMPLETE WITH AN AMPHITHEATER, A SHOPPING COMPLEX, OFFICES, TWIN LEVELLAYOUT &PLANNINGTHE BASIC PLANNING IS INTROVERT IN NATURE. IT CONSISTS OF TWO HALF (C SHAPE) CIRCULAR BLOCKS CONNECTED BY THE BRIDGE AS FOURFLOORSENCLOSINGANAMPHITHEATRE50M.DIAMETER HASBEENCLOSELYLANDSCAPED.THEINNERPERIPHERYOFTHEBLOCKSHASBEENGLAZEDAND ALONG WITH RUNS THE CORRIDOR SO THE SHOPPER ALWAYS GETS THE VIEW TOWARDS THE AMPHITHEATRE. THERE IS A JUTTING BLOCK'FROM ONE BLOCK AND IT HAS THE BIG DEPARTMENTAL STORE—SHOPPER'SSTOPTHEJUNCTIONOFTHEBLOCKSFORMSTHEENTRYOF THE PLAZA.SHOPPER'SSTOP HAS GOTITSOWNSEPARATE ANDITISINTERNALLYCONNECTEDTHROUGHTHEENTRANCELOBBYOFTHEPLAZA.CORRIDORS RUNNING ALONG INNER PERIPHERY GIVE A CONSTANT VIEW OF THE PLAZA THUS FORMED.THE COMPLEX IS SURROUNDED BY GUEST HOUSE BLOCKS AND APARTMENTS.ENTRY TO THE SITE IS COMMON. THERE ARE TWO ACCESSES TO THE SITE, ONE SERVES AS THE ENTRYAND THE OTHERS ACT AS THE EXIST CONNECTED BY THE BRIDGE HAS GOT THE HELICAL RAMP EXIT THEBRIDGE IS USEDTOTAL AREA OF PARKING IS 9850 SQ.MT.WHICH ALSO INCLUDES THE OTHER SERVICES LIKE A.C. PLANTGENERATOR ROOMS AND SPACE FOR M.T.N.L. ETC.SERVICE ENTRYA SERVICE ROAD IS PROVIDED WHICH RUNS ON THE OUTER PERIPHERY OF THE BUILDING. A RAMP OF THE SLOPE 1:7 HAS BEENPROVIDED TO HAVE THE ACCESS UP TO THE SERVICE LIFT TO THE SERVICE ROAD.(FROM THE BACK) ONE SERVICE LIFT HAS BEEN PROVIDED FOR THE FIRST BUILDING AND ONE FOR THE OTHER BUILDING.ENTRANCETHERE IS ITS OWN ENTRY FOR THE BIGGER DEPARTMENTAL STORE AND ADJACENT TO THIS IS THE ENTRY FOR THE MALL,

29

Ground floor plan first floor plan

WHICH IS NOT CLEARLY DEFINED, AND SOMEWHAT SUBDUED.THE ENTRY ATRIUM IS DOUBLE HEIGHT AND HAS ESCALATORS WHICH LAND, AT THE FIRST FLOOR CORRIDOR. THEN ONWARD VERTICALMOVEMENTBECAUSETHEREAREONLYFOURFLOORSASSTAIRSANDLIFTISPROVIDED. BUT A SHOPPER FINDS ITS.ACTIVITY STRUCTURETHE COMPLEX HAS FOUR FLOORS HEIGHT ON GROUND FLOORS AND FIRST FLOOR SHOWROOMS HAVE BEEN PLACED WHILE ON SECONDAND THIRD FLOOR OFFICES HAVE BEEN PROVIDED.THE OFFICIAL DOESN'T HAVE THE SEGREGATED ENTRY. SO THERE IS INTERMIXING OF THE OFFICIAL AND SHOPPERS, IT SOME WHATCREATE CONFUSION AND THUS A PROBLEM TO THE OFFICIALS IN THE PEAK TIMECIRCULATION PATTERNTHE CIRCULATION CORRIDORS ARE CURVINGINNATURE SO PROVIDES A GOOD VIEW OF THE FOURTH COMING SHOPS.

30

WIDTH OF CORRIDORS GROUNDFLOORFIRSTFLOOR

3.6 M.2.5 M.

AREA 8000 SQM. (UNDER RETAIL SHOPPING)6700 SQM. UNDER OFFICE USE.

SERVICECORETHE CIRCUMFERENTIAL DISTANCE OF THE CIRCULAR BUILDING IS 125M. SERVICE CORES HAVE BEEN LOCATED AT RECTANGULAR INTERVALSOF 36M THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING. THERE ARE THREE SERVICE CORES IN WHICH LIFT, TOILETS, TELEPHONE , ELECTRICAL DUCTS HAVE BEENPASSED. THE AREAOF ONE SERVICECOREONEFLOORIS72SQ.M.PARKINGTHE BASEMENT EXISTS UNDER THE WHOLE COMPLEX. IT IS RESERVED FOR PARKING AND SERVICES. IT HAS GOT PROVISION FOR 210 CARSAND 400 TWO WHEELER.

SEMI BASEMENT 55CARS ………………BASEMENT 155 CARSIT HAS A BRIDGE CONNECTING THE ENTRY AND EXIT SERVICES

31

AIR CONDITION & PLANTROOMTHE WHOLE PLAZA IS CENTRALLY AIR-CONDITIONED. THE PLANT ROOM IS PLACED CENTRALLY IN THE BASEMENT JUST BELOW THE PLAZASO AS TO CATER THE TWO BUILDING EQUALITY. THE TONNAGE OF THE PLAZA IS 900 TONES. 6 CHILLERS HAVE BEEN PLACED ON THETERRACEOFTHEBUILDING.EACH CHILLER IS OF 147 TONS CAPACITYA.H.U.A.H.U., ARE RUNNING EQUIDISTANT AT 35M, 3 A.H.U.S ARE IN THE BUILDING AND TWO A.H.U.S ARE IN THE SECOND ONE A.H.U.S VOIDS IN THISBUILDING,ARECEILINGHANGING.THEYAREADJACENTINTHE UPPER CEILING OF EACH LIFT LOBBY.FIRE EXITSIN THE FIRST LOBBY THERE ARE TWO FIRE EXITS AT THE TWO ENDS. THESE ARE LOCATED AT THE DISTANCE OF 50M. PERIPHERAL DISTANCE.SPRINKLERSA RESERVOIR OF 45000 IT CAPACITY IS LOCATED AND 5 SPRINKLES PUMPS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED WHICH BEGUN AS SOON AS FIRE IS DETECTED.THEREAREFEEDEDBYTHEBUCKUPGENERATORSINCASEOF AFIRE.HEAT/SMOKEDETECTORSHAVE BEENINSTALLEDPROPERLY ANDINCORRIDORSANDINSHOPSANDINREGULARINTERVALSOF7MINCORRIDORAND 3M IN SHOPS.FIRE FIGHTINGFIRE FIGHTING PROVISIONS HAVE BEEN PROPERLY MADE IN THE COMPLEX. HOSEPIPES HAVE BEEN PROPERLY INSTALLED AT THE LIFT LOBBY ANDATTHESTAIRCASES.EXTINGUISHERSINSTALLEDATREGULARINTERVALSTHROUGHOUT THE CORRIDOR.

32

FIRE CONTROL ROOMLOCATED AT THE GROUND FLOOR IT IS EQUIPPED WITH THE FIRE PANEL SYSTEM. AS SOON AS THE FIRE BREAKS UP IN ANY PART OF THEBUILDING, IT IS INDICATED ON THE PANEL AND IT STARTS ITS OPERATIONS BY GIVING WARNING/FIRE ALARM TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC ANDTHE FIRE FIGHTING STAFF FOR TAKING THE NECESSARY MEASURES. ELECTRIC SUPPLY IS IMMEDIATELY CUTOFF AND SPRINKLERS STARTWORKING.INFERENCES

THE MALL HAS GOT ONLY RESTAURANT IN ITS FIRST BUILDING, CATERING TO THE WHOLE MALL, AGAIN NO INFORMALPLACES

VISUAL LINKAGES ARE GOOD THE CURVED SHAPE OF CORRIDOR WAYS GIVES THE PRE INFORMATION OF THE NEXT STOP AND ALSOREDUCES THE LENGTH OF THE CORRIDOR PSYCHOLOGICALLY. VISUAL LINKAGES BETWEEN THE SUBSEQUENT FLOORS, AGAIN HELPS TOCREATE A GOOD VISUAL SEQUENCE.NATURAL LIGHTING TRAPPED THROUGH THE SKYLIGHT ALSO EXPOSES THE TRUE COLORS OF THE SIGNBOARDS AND BANNERS.SERVICE HAS BEEN PROPERLY PLACED IN THE BASEMENT, PROPERLY CONNECTED THROUGH THE STAIRS AND LIFT.DUE TO RADIAL GRID, ALL NUMBER OF SHOPS IS RECTANGULAR. IN THE BASEMENT DUE TO RADIAL GRID, EFFICIENT CAR PARKING IS NOTPOSSIBLE.CONNECTING BRIDGE IS NONE AIR-CONDITIONED; TO TRANSITING FROM ONE BLOCK TO OTHER YOU HAVE TO CROSS THROW A NON AIRCONDITIONED BRIDGE WHICH IS GOING FROM AIR-CONDITION TO NON AIR-CONDITIONED THEN AIR- CONDITIONED, IS NOT AGOOD IDEA.CIRCULATIONFROM MAIN ROAD TO COMPLEX THERE IS ONE ENTRY AND ONE EXITS ARE PROVIDED, VEHICULAR ENTERED FROM THE ENTRY ANDPARKING IS PROVIDE AT SURFACE AS WELL IN THE BASEMENTS, ONE WAY TRAFFIC FLOW IS USED FOR EASY AND SMOOTH DRIVING ASWELL TO HAVE CONTROL ON THE TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS.FOR PEDESTRIAN VERTICAL MOVEMENT- LIFTS, ESCALATORS AND STAIRCASES ARE PROVIDED.ONE OF THE GOOD FEATURES OF THIS COMPLEX IS THE DESCENDED BALCONIES. THE COMPLEX IS FULLY AIR-CONDITIONED. SKY LIGHTS ARE PROVIDEDATTHETOP.

33

ESCALATORS ARE PROVIDED ON THE RIGHT SIDE BUILDING, BUT SERVICE CORE OF ONE STAIR WITH ONE LIFT IS PROVIDED IN THE BOTH BUILDINGBLOCK.ONE MAIN ATTRACTION OF THE ANSAL PLAZA IS THE POLLUTION CONTROL TOWER WHICH IS ATTACHED TO THE GENERATOR ROOM BASEMENT WHICHCOLLECTS FUMES FROM THERE AND EXHAUST FROM VEHICLES AND PURIFY THEM BEFORE RELEASING TO THE ATMOSPHERE WHICH IS APPROX 30 MT-35MT HIGH, THIS IS THE MOST PROMINENT FEATURE OF THE MALL.IN PLANNING, MALL AREAIS TOTALLY UN-DISTURBED FROM ANY TRAFFIC.

AESTHETICS

IT'S VISUAL CHARACTERISTIC LIKE ITS PHYSICAL FORM -GEOMETRY, SHAPE, FACADE, ROOF SHADE, ITS FEATURES, COLORS, TEXTURES, DECORATION,ORNAMENTATION,ANDITSVIEWINGCONDITION,THEDISTANCEANDTHEANGLEFROMWHICHIT’SVIEWED.ITHASAWELLTREATEDEXTERNALFACADEOFREDBRICIKWITHSOMEBLUECOLORTILESATTOPLEVEL.• ITHASAGOODCOMBINATIONOFGLASSWITHSOLID.• ALLMODERNMATERIALSAREUSEDINTHEANSALPLAZA.• AVERYGOODEFFORTWASMADETOWARDSTHELANDSCAPE.

34

CLIENT PUNJABSTATEBUSSTANDMANAGEMENTCOMPANYLIMITED

ARCHITECT SWINDERSAWHEEYASSOCIATES

COMPLETEIN 2007

SITEAREA 12.51ACRES

BUILT-UPAREA 18000SQM

SUPER BUS TERMINAL, JALANDHAR,

BACKGROUND

SITE LOCATIONTHE TERMINAL IS LOCATED IN THE HEART OF THE CITY. IT IS SURROUNDED BY ROADS ON 3 SIDES. IT IS ABOUT 8 KMS. FROM THE RAILWAYSTATION. THE LONG ROUTE BUSES ENTER THE TERMINAL THROUGH THE ROAD PERPENDICULAR TO THE GARHA ROAD. THE SHORTROUTE BUSES ENTER THROUGH G.T. ROAD.TERMINAL CATERS TO A DAILY BUS SCHEDULE OF 3,000 BUSES AND 1,00,000 FOOTFALLS PER DAY. MOST CONSUMERS OF THE SERVICESARE FROM THE LOWER OR MIDDLE-LEVEL INCOME GROUPS. THE EXISTING TERMINAL HAS BEEN RE-DESIGNED AND THE NEW DESIGNADDRESSESAN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO TRANSFORM THE EXISTING SITUATION OF CHAOS, HAPHAZARD CIRCULATION AND THE NON-EXISTENTESTATE SERVICES INTO A PROGRESSIVE, DYNAMIC AND FUTURISTIC DESIGN WHICH WOULD ADAPT ITSELF TO THE CHANGING NEEDSOF SOCIETY.

35

THE PROPOSED NEW TERMINAL PLAN WAS INTEGRATED WITH THE EXISTING TERMINAL BUILDING BOTH FUNCTIONALLY ANDAESTHETICALLY. THE PLAN EVOLVED HAS SEPARATED BOTH LONG AND SHORT ROUTE BUS TRAFFIC AND CONVERTED THE TERMINALINTO AN ACTIVE URBAN STREET.TWO BUS DEPARTURE BAYS NAMELY, STEPPED PARALLEL AND RADIAL SAW TOOTH HAVE BEEN DESIGNED KEEPING FUNCTION IN MIND.THE PLAN DEFINES SPECIFIC DOMAINS FOR THE PASSENGER AND THE BUS MOVEMENTS WITH CONVENIENT INTERCHANGES. ITENCOURAGES SHORT LINES OF FLOW AND MINIMIZES WALKING DISTANCE TO THE TERMINAL BUILDING.THE RADIAL SAW TOOTH PATTERN OF THE DEPARTURE BAYS ADDS A UNIQUE GEOMETRY TO THE PLAN. THE WING SHAPED ROOFINCREASES THE NATURAL LIGHTING BY ACTING AS LIGHT SHAFTS AND REDUCES POLLUTION IN THE TERMINAL BUILDING BY SUCKINGOUT VEHICULAR POLLUTION THROUGH VENTS LOCATED AT THE UPPER LEVELS.

36

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

THE NEW DESIGN ADDRESSES THREE SIGNIFICANT COMPONENTS OF TERMINAL

BUSES AND THEIR UNOBSTRUCTED MOVEMENT, PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION AND THEIR SAFETY AND PASSENGER VEHICLES AND THEIRMOVEMENT.THE PLAN EVOLVED HAS SEGREGATED THE TRAFFIC MOVEMENT AND CONVERTED THE TERMINAL INTO AN ACTIVE URBAN STREET.APPROACHTOSITESHORT ROUTE BUSES HAVE BEEN SEGREGATED FROM THE LONG ROUTE BUSES BY HAVING A SEPARATE ENTRY AND EXITS.IDLE PARKING TOR THE LONG AND SHORT ROUTE BUSES HAVE BEEN PROVIDED IN SUCH AWAY SO AS TO NOT DISTURB THE MOVEMENTOF BUS ENTERING OR LEAVING THE TERMINALA SEPARATE PASSENGER ENTRY AND EXIT IS PROVIDED.THIS PASSENGER ENTRY AND EXIT IS ALSO USED BY OTHER VEHICLES FOR APPROACHING THEIR INDIVIDUAL PARKING.A SEPARATE ENTRY AND EXIT FOR LONG ROUTE BUSES HAS BEEN PROVIDED SEGREGATING IT FROM PEDESTRIAN.SINCE THE ARRIVAL BLOCK LIES IN THE CENTRE OF BOTH THE DEPARTURE OF LONG AND SHORT ROUTE BUSES, HENCE IT BECOMESCONVENIENT TO THE PASSENGERS TO TRAVEL TO THE ARRIVAL BLOCK IS CENTRALLY LOCATED WHICH IS EASILY ACCESSIBLE FROM THEMAIN PASSENGER ENTRANCE FROM TWO OF ITS SIDES.THE DEPARTURE OF SHORT ROUTE BUSES HAS BEEN PROPERLY SEGREGATED FROM THE LONG ROUTE BUSES BY LOCATING THEM ATOPPOSITE SIDES OF THE ARRIVAL BLOCKPARKING IS LOCATED AT AN APPROPRIATE DISTANCE FROM THE OTHER MAIN BLOCKS SO THAT PASSENGERS USING THE TERMINALDO NOT HAVE TO TRAVEL A LARGE DISTANCE TO ARRIVE THE BLOCKS.

THE PLAN ENCOURAGES SHORT LINES OF FLOW AND WALKING DISTANCE TO THE TERMINAL BUILDING HAS BEEN MINIMIZED.

37

38

39

StandardsArea analysisRequirements

Area calculation

STANDARDS, AREA & REQUIREMENTS

STANDARDS40

41

SNO

REQUIREMENTS CASESTUDYKASHMER

EGATEDELHI

CASESTUDYSEC17CHANDIGA

RH

LITSTUDYSUPERBUSTERMINALJALANDHA

R

STANDARDS REQ.AREA

REMARK(PEAKHOURPASSANGER)

@PERUNITAREA

1. ENTRANCELOUNGE 1.5SQ.M. 1875 25%OFTHEPEAKHOURPASS.(5000)

A. ENQUIRY 1@20 1@15 1@30 1.5SQ.M 25SQ.M 5ATTENDANT

B. TOURISTINFORMATION

1@20 1@20 1@20 6SQ.M 30SQ.M 5ATTENDANT

C. TICKETBOOTH 5SQ.M ASPERNO.OFBAY

D. BOOKSTALL 10SQ.M 20SQ.M 2NO.

E. PUBLICTELE 2@7 6@7 6@18 70SQ.M 70SQ.M 10BOOTH

F. TOILET 2SQ.M./WC&5SQ.M./WB&URINAL

W/C-1/250FORMALE,1/100FORFEMALE,URINAL-1/50,WB-1/200MALEFEMALE

2. WAITINGHALL 1@50 1@20 2SQ.M. 750SQ.M.

15%OFPEAKHR.PASSIN½HOURCYCLE

AREA ANALYSIS

BUS TERMINAL

42

A. KIOSK 10SQ.M. 60SQ.M. 6NOS.

B. TOILET 6@18 SAME M-23SQ.M.

F-12SQ.M.

30%OFTHELOADINGBAYCAPACITY

C. DRINKING WATER 4NOS.

3. DEPARTUTRE LOUNGE

2SQ.M.

A. ENQUIRY 1@20 1@15 1@30 5SQ.M. 2ATTENDANT

B. KIOSK 12@7.5 18@9 9@12 10SQ.M.

C. DRINKING WATER 12@5 5@5 7@3 3SQ.M.

D. TICKETBOOTH 10@5 15@5 15@5 5SQ.M.

E. TOILET 10@18 8@18 6@18 2SQ.M./WC&1.5SQ.M./WB&URINAL

4. ARRIVAL LOUNGE

A. KIOSK 6@7.5 12@9 6@12 2STALLEACH

B. DRINKING WATER 4@5 2@5 2@5

C. TELE. BOOTH 5@7 9@7

D. TOILET 4@18

E. TOURIST INFOM. 1@20 1@20

5. ANNOUN. &REPORTING

1@25 1@25 30SQ.M. 1NOS.

6. BUS CREW STAFF 625SQ.M.

A. CAFETARIA 160SQ.M. 160SQ.M.

43

B. DORMITORIES 420SQ.M. 420SQ.M.

LOCKER 45SQ.M. 45SQ.M.

7. COMMUTER FACILITES

A. BARBER SHOP 30SQ.M. 30SQ.M.

B. DORMITORY 2@50 1@30 1@30 128SQ.M.

4@32FOR10BED

CHEMIST 1@9 1@15 30SQ.M. 30SQ.M. 1NO.

DISPENSARY 1@30 1@25 50SQ.M. 50SQ.M. 1NO.

RESTAURANT 1@75 FOR 30

1.2 / PERSON 300SQ.M.

1NO.

8. MISCELLANEOUS 690SQ.M.

1NO.

A BANK 2@15 1@15 150 SQ.M 150SQ.M

1NO.

B POST &TELEGRAPH 1@15 1@20 80SQ.M 1NO.

C POLICE POST 1@25 1@30 1@25 150 SQ.M 150SQ.M

1NO.

D PUMP ROOM 1@80 1@100 150SQ.M

2NO.

E AIR BOOKING COUNTER

80SQ.M 1NO.

F RAIL BOOKING COUNTER

1@25 1@100 180SQ.M

1NO.

9. OFFICE

A MANAGER „S ROOM 1@15 1@20 1@25 1@25 25SQ.M. 1NO.

B IN – CHARGE ROOM 1@15 1@20 1@15 1@15 20SQ.M. 1NO.

C ACCOUNTS OFFICE 1@25 1@25 1@30 1@30 30SQ.M. 1NO.

D ADMINSTRATIVE OFFICE

1@25 1@25 1@30 1@30 30SQ.M. 1NO.

E OTHER OFFICE 15SQ.M. 1NO.

44

REQUIREMENT

THE MAIN PROJECT COMPONENTS TO BE DEVELOPED AT THE PROJECT SITE ARE:BUS TERMINAL AND RELATED PASSENGER FACILITIES.COMMERCIAL COMPLEX / TOWERSUB-WAYHELIPAD

ACTIVITIES AND FACILITIES OF THE COMMERCIAL COMPLEX

OFFICE SPACE, SHOPPING MALL, FOOD COURTS, RESTAURANTS, HYPERMARKET, RETAIL SHOWROOMS, BANKS AND ATM OTHERACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES AND FACILITIES (COMPONENTS) OF THE BUS TERMINAL

PASSENGER CONCOURSE, TICKET COUNTER, WASHROOM, INFORMATION DESK, FACILITIES OF HANDICAPPED, CLOCK ROOM, BUSCIRCULATION AREA, BUS BAY, PARKING FACILITIES, CONTROL ROOM, HIGH-TEC SECURITY SYSTEM , DRINKING WATER, FIREFIGHTINGSYSTEM, POWER BACKUP. TOURISM, ROADWAYS, RAILWAYS, POLICE POST, REFRESHMENTS, TELEPHONE BOOTHS, BOOK SHOPS, ETC.RESTAURANTS & FOOD COURT, LODGE & DORMITORIES, WAITING ROOM, REST ROOMS, BANK, ETC.BUS TERMINAL „ENVISION‟

AUTOMATIC ‘SCHEDULE DISPLAY’ SYSTEM ALONG WITH PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM SAFETY PARAMETERS NO PASSENGER-VEHICLECONFLICT SEGREGATION OF PVT. VEHICLES & BUSES ‘DRIVE-WAY CONCEPT‟DESIGN PARAMETER FOR BUS TERMINAL

FOR INTERSTATE BUS AVERAGE STOPPAGE TIME IS 12 MINUTES EMBARKATION PLATFORM AND 6 MIN TO DISEMBARKATION PLATFORM& FOR LOCAL STOPPAGE TIME 5- 10 MIN-MAX.

FUNCTIONAL & GEOMETRIC DESIGN PARAMETER FOR BUS TERMINALBUS - 2.46 X 10.91 X 3.2 (VOLVO)BUS BAY- SAW, RADIAL, STRAIGHT,

45

BUSBAYS PERCENTAGE

NOOFBUSE

S

OCCUPANCY

/BUS

NOOFPASSANG

ER

PEAKHOURLOAD(BUS)

PEAKHOURLOAD

(PASSANGER)

NOOFBAYS

LOADINGBAYS

50% 1000 50 50,000 100 5000 100/5=20

UNLOADIN

GBAYS

50% 1000 50 50,000 100 5000 100/10=10

AREA CALCULATIONTHE INTERSTATE BUS TERMINUS IS TO BE DESIGNED TO HANDLE 1938 TRIPS ~ 2000 TRIPS PER DAYPEAK HOUR FLOW IS EQUAL TO 10 % OF TOTAL DAILY FLOW.INCOMING BUSES (AT UNLOADING BAYS) = 50% OF TOTAL BUSES = 1000 NOSINCOMING BUSES (AT LOADING BAYS) = 50% OF TOTAL BUSES = 1000 NOSOCCUPANCY IN PEAK HOUR = 50 PASSANGER/ BUSTOTAL PASSANGER TO BE HANDLED BY TERMINAL = 50 X 2000 = 1,00,000NO. OF BAYS FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING HAVE BEEN CALCULATED AS=TOTAL NO OF BUSES IN PEAK HOUR / BAY CAPACITY IN 1 HOUR.LOADING - EFFICIENT LOADING OPERATIONAL TIME FOR AN INTERSTATE BUS = 12 MINUTES.BAYS CAPACITY IN PEAK HOUR = 60MIN/12MIN= 5 NOSUNLOADING - EFFICIENT UNLOADING OPERATIONAL TIME = ½ OF LOADING OPERATION =6 MINBAYS CAPACITY IN PEAK HOUR = 60MIN/6MIN= 10 NOS

AREA OF BUS NO. OF BAYS AREA/BAY (SQ.MT.) TOTAL AREA(SQ.MT.)

ADDING 50 %CIRCULATION SPACE

46

LOADING 20 76 2150 3225UNLOADING 10 104 1040 1560

IDLEPARKING 40 66 2640 3960

HIREDMODES

AUTORICKSAW 100 5 500 750TAXI 50 16 800 1200

PRIVATEMODES

CAR 50 25 1250 1875TWOWHEELERS 100 4 400 600

AREA REQUIREMENTBUS TERMINAL FOOT FALL PROJECTED 50,000 – 60,000POTENTIAL BUS TRIPS / DAY -1938 ~ 2000BUS TERMINAL AREA = 20% OF TOTAL BUILDING AREA =17063 SQMTCOMMERCIAL COMPLEX = 80% OF TOTAL BUILDING AREA =68254 SQMTOFFICE SPACE 60% 40953 SQMTSHOPPING 40% 27301 SQMT

47

Traffic flow analysisFlow chart

ConceptZoning

SketchesWorking models

SKETCH DESIGN

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

Floor plansElevations

Sections3 – D views

DetailsElectives

Fire fightingWorking drawing

DRAWINGS & DETAILS

56

57

58

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Architecture + design July 2004 & June 06

CBRE_final_report_mohali_bus_terminal_project

Redevelopment of ISBT at Sarai kale khan (DIMTS)

Master plan of Mohali BY GMADA

Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning - L.R. Kadiyali

Master architect series –II Norman foster

High rise building by V. K. Jain

NBC of India 2005

Neufert Architects' Data

Time Saver Standardswww.google.com/earth/www.scribd .comwww.4shared.com

REFERENCE BUILDINGS

HSBC HEADQUARTER HONGKONG

PROPOSED ISBT AT DWARIKA

30_ST_MARY_AXE, LONDON

METRO BHAVAN AT DELHICOMMERZ BANK HEADQUARTER, FRANKFURT

MADRID BARAJAS AIRPORT, SPAIN

GEORGES POMPIDOU CENTRE, FRANCE

REDEVELOPMENT OF ISBT ANAND VIHAR, DELHI

LONDON‟S THIRD AIRPORT, STANDSTED

KASHMERE GATE METRO, AT DELHI

WORLD TRADE CENTRE, NEWYORK, FOSTER, ROGER & MAKI