Business Organisation & Management1440354725

RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW

RvZxq wkvg2012

eemvq msMVb I eevcbvGKv`k I v`k kwY


RvZxq wkvg2012



RvZxq wkvg2012


RvZxq wkvg 2012 cv 1

1. m~Pbv1.1 hKvb KvhKgi mdjZv wbfi Ki Gi myz cwiKbvi Dci| wkv Kvhgi Gic cwiKbvB wkvg|

wkv_xì AvMn, ceYZv, mvg_, AwfZv I wkLb Pvwn`vK mg^q Ki Ges mgvR, `k I AvRvwZK cwiw wZweePbvq iL cYxZ nq wbw` wkvg| Kx, Kb, wKfve, K, Kvi mnhvwMZvq, Kx w`q, Kv_vq, KZ mgq aiwkv_x wkLe Ges hv wkLQ Zv wKfve hvPvB Kiv ne Gme cki Di wkvg _vK| wkvi j, Dk,wkLbdj, welqe , wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I g~jvqb wb`kbv-GmeB wkvgi cwZcv` welq| wkvgiwb `kbvi AvjvK cYxZ nq cvVcy K I Abvb wkLb-kLvbv mvgMx| G wkvKgK AveZb KiB hKvbv iiwkv ee vi KgKv cwiKwZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges ev evwqZ nq| Avi G KviYB wkvgK wkv Kvhgev evqbi bxj-bKkv ejv nq _vK|

1.2 wkvg cwigvRb, Dbqb I bevqb GKwU Pjgvb cwqv| G cwqvq avivevwnK cwiexYi gvag Pjgvbwkvgi mejZv- yèjZv I DchvwMZv wbYq Kiv nq| mgqi mv_ hgb mgvRi cwieZb NUQ, Zgwb vb-wevb I chywi `Z cwieZb nQ| Gmei dj wkLb Pvwn`vI cwiewZZ nQ| G Rb cqvRbxq cwigvRb Ibevqbi gvag wkvg hyMvchvMx ivLv AvekK| Avevi hLb cyivbv wkvg cwigvRb Ki mgqi Pvwn`v c~iYme nq bv, ZLb bZzb wkvg cYqb KiZ nq|

2. wkvg Dbqbi hwKZv2.1 gvawgK I DPgvawgK ii wkvg 1995 mvj cwigvRb, bevqb I Dbqbi KvR mb nq| l I beg kwYZ

1996 wkvel _K G wkvKg ev evqbi KvR i nq| DPgvawgK i 1998 wkvel _K cwigvwRZ I bevqbKZwkvKg ev evwqZ nq AvmQ| Gici `xN mgq RvZxq I AvRvwZK cwigj mvgvwRK, mvs wZK, A_bwZK IivRbwZK wewfb wekl Ki vb-wevb, Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi evcK cwieZb NUQ| cwieZbi mv_mv_ wkv_xì wkLb-Pvwn`vI cwiewZZ nqQ| G Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkvK hyMvchvMx Kivi Rb wkvg DbqbAcwinvh nq co|

2.2 cPwjZ wkvgi Dci gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY mgxvi djvdj wkvgi AbK`yejZv, AmwZ I mgmv wPwZ nqQ| G wkvg AwZgvvq Z I Z_ msewjZ hv wkv_xK gyL KiZDrmvwnZ Ki| cPwjZ wkvg Abymvb, mgmv mgvavb `Zv ARb, nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLvi Ges mRbkxjI Dvebx `Zv weKvki myhvM mxwgZ| wkv_xì bwZK I gvbweK Yvewji weKvki myhvMI Kg| cqvRbxqwelq Ges welqe hgb- Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Rjevqyi cwieZb I KiYxq, eqtmwKvj I cRbb ^v , Rvjvwbwbivcv BZvwì cwZdjb LyeB mxwgZ| ZvQvov gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkLb-kLvbvi kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv Gme `Zv ARbi Rb wkvg iZ c` vb Kiv njI ev evqbi Gjv h_vh_iZ cvq wb| wkv_xìK KggyLx Kivi wkvgi Ae`vb mvlRbK bq| bevqbKZ wkvgi GmemxgveZv KvwUq DVvi cPv bIqv nqQ|

2.3 RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 evsjv`ki wkv GKwU gvBjdjK| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Abymvi wkvi gvaghyMvchvMx Rbkw Dbqbi Rb cqvRb wkvgi Dbqb Ges Gi h_vh_ ev evqb| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Giev evqbi mevwaK iZc~Y c`c nQ G wkvbxwZ Abymvi wkvee vi ceZb Ges Gi Rb cqvRb mAbymvi wkvg Dbqb|

2.4 evsjv`ki icK 2021 (VISION 2021) Gi j nQ wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mo Zvjv Ges `kK gag Avqi`k cwiYZ Kiv| wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mov Ges gag Avqi `k cwiYZ Kivi cavb Dcvq nQ wkvi gvagh_vchy Rbkw mw Kiv| Avi wkvi gvag Zv Kivi Rb cqvRb DchvMx wkvg|

2.5 GKwesk kZvxi wkvi Rb MwVZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkb wicvU Learning: The Treasure Within G gvawgKwkvK Rxebi cekvi (gateway to life) wnmve wPwZ Kiv nqQ| Gi A_ KgRxeb ceki cqvRbxqhvMZv gvawgK wkvi gvag ARb| G hvMZv ARbi Rb cwZe`b wkLbi PviwU (Pillar) wPwZ KivnqQ| wkLbi G mg~n nQ-RvbZ kLv (Learning to know), KiZ kLv (Learning to do) wgjwgk _vKZkLv (Learning to live together) Ges weKwkZ nZ kLv (Learning to be) | Gme ev evqbi gvag GKweskkZvxi DchvMx Rbkw mwi Rb cqvRb m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb, bevqb I Dbqb|


3. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ gWjDkwfwK gWj (Objective Model) Abymvi DPgvawgK kwYi RvZxq wkvKg 2012 Dbqb Kiv nqQ| GwUKdjwfwK gWjI (Product Model) ejv hvq| G gWj Abymvi wkvi j I mvaviY Dk wbaviY Ki Dk ARbDchvMx welq I welqwfwK Dk wbaviY Kiv nqQ| welqwfwK Dk ARbi Rb iwfwK cvwK wkLbdjwbaviY Kiv nq| cvwK wkLbdjK kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRb Kiv nqQ| kwYwfwK wkLbdjK eywexq,AveMxq I gbvcwkR- G wZb fvM wefvRb Kiv nqQ| kwYwfwK wkLbdjK wfw Ki kwY DchvMx welqe ,wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I g~jvqb Kkjmn hveZxq wkv Kvhg wbaviY Kiv nq|

4. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ cwqvmKvwi GWyKkb mi WfjcgU cR (SESDP) Gi KvwiMwi I Avw_K mnvqZvq Ges RvZxq wkvg IcvVcy K evWi mvweK Zveavb GmBGmwWwc Gi wkvg wekle`, GbwmwUwe-Gi wkvg kvLvi KgKZve`Ges wbevwPZ RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK wkvq wekl I Awf kwYwkKimg^q MwVZ wewfb KwgwU wkvg Dbqb Kib| wkvg Dbqb cwqvi wewfb chvq mvw`Z KvRi mswweeiY Dc vcb Kiv njv:

cevn wP RvZxq wkvg Dbqb cwqv

wkK

wkv cwZvb wkv ckvmK,wkvwe`, eywRxex cPwjZ wkvg

Ae v weklY I Pvwn`v wbicY

wkv_x

mgvR, iv IAvRvwZK Pvwn`v

ivxq g~jbxwZ

RvZxq wkvbxwZ2010

wkvgi iciLv cYqb

welqwfwK wkvg cYqb

wkvgi mg^qmvabI mvweK ic`vb

RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZKRvZxq wkvg 2012 Abygv`b


4.1 Ae v weklY4.1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvg chvjvPbv

GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` 2008 mvj gvawgK ii (l-v`k kwY) wkvg chvjvPbv Kib|hwK chvjvPbvi gvag wkvgi mej I yèj w`K Ges wkv_xì wkLb Pvwn`v c~iY wkvgi DchvwMZvhvPvB Kiv nq| GB chvjvPbvi djvdj bZzb wkvg Dbqb weePbvq ivLv nq|

4.1.2 cPwjZ wkvgi g~jvqbGmBGmwWwci wkvg weklMY gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY mgxv 2010 kxlK GKwUMelYv cwiPvjbv Kib| G mgxvi gvag wkvgi mej I `yej w`K, ev evqbi cwZeKZv I cwigvRbimg~n wPwZ Ges wkv_xì wkLb-Pvwn`v wbicY Kiv nq|

4.1.3 RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 gvawgK wkv mwKZ avivmg~n chvjvPbv Ki bZzb wkvg Dbqbi wfZ Zwi Kiv nq|RvZxq wkvbxwZi wfwZB cPwjZ mKj avivi (mvaviY, gv `vmv, BsiwR) wkvK wbw ` chvq ch mgw^Z I GKgyLxwkvgi AvIZvq Afy Kivi c`c bIqv nq| G ee vq me aibi wkv cwZvb c_g _K Ag kwY chGKB wkvg Abymvi wkv Kvhg cwiPvwjZ ne|

4.1.4 AvRvwZK chvqi wkvg chvjvPbvweki wbevwPZ KqKwU `ki- fviZ, kxjv, gvjqwkqv, wmvcyi, Awjqv (AivR), hyivR (AivR) GesKvbvWvi (AivR) mgmvgwqK wkvg chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme `ki wkvee vi wekl Ki wkvgi weklw`Kmg~n chvjvPbv Ki evsjv`ki cwiw wZZ Gì DchvwMZv hvPvB Kiv nq|

4.1.5 cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv`k-we`k cKvwkZ wkv I wkvg welqK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gjvi gaDjLhvM KqKwU nQ-GKwesk kZvxi wkv mwKZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkbi cwZe`b UNESCO (1996)Learning: The Treasure Within; ONeill, Geraldine (2010) Programme Design: Overview of CurriculumModels; Marsh, C.J (1997) Perspective Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum; Sheehan, John (1986)Curriculum Models: Product versus Process, Smith, P.L (1993) Instructional Design, Macmillan; RvZxqwkvg I cvVcy K evW cYxZ wbggvawgK, gvawgK I DPgvawgK chvqi wkvg (2012), wkK cwkYwkvg I cvVcy K Rvi mse`bkxjZv chvjvPbv kxlK cwZe`b (2012), Rjevqy cwieZb I `yhvMee vcbv, ZvgvK wbqY, UNICEF (2009) cwiPvwjZ Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkv|ZvQvov evsjv`ki wewfb cK, miKvwi I emiKvwi cwZvb Ges ms v wkvg Afywi Rb 31wU cwZe`bRgv `q| Gme cwZe`b chvjvPbv Ki mswk welq cqvRbxq cvmwK welqe mshvRbi ee v bIqv nq|31wU cwZe`bi ga DjLhvM KqKwU nQ- Rjevqy cwieZb, Z_ cvwi AwaKvi, Lv`-cyw, cRbb ^v ,GBPAvBwf-GBWm, wekl Pvwn`vmb wk, Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkvKg BZvw`|

4.2 wkvgi iciLv cYqbAe vi weklY _K j AwfZv I djvdji wfwZ GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` RvZxq civgkKi wb `kbvqwkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv Ges wewfb chvqi wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì wkvq AMmiY cevn wP wbaviY Kib| GmeiDci wfw Ki wkvgi iciLv cYqb Kiv nq|

4.2.1 wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv gnvb fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc` vwqK g~jevai wfwZ `kcg weKvki myhvM mw bwZKZv I gvbweK g~jeva weKvki Dci iZ c` vb Abymwrmv, mRbkxj I Dvebx gZv ewi myhvM Zwi wevbgb I KggyLx Kivi Dci iZ Avivc AvaywbK chyw eenvii hvMZv ARbi myhvM mw ZvwK vbi mv_ ev egyLx I cqvMgyLx wkvi myhvM ew Rxeb`Zv ARbi myhvM mw me aibi elg Aemvbi j gvbevwaKvii Dci iZ c` vb ewkK Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi Dci iZ c` vb


4.2.2 wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì AMmiY cevn wP

RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Gi wfwZ AwZ AMmiY cevn wPvbymvi 8eQi gqvw` evaZvg~jK I AeZwbK cv_wgKwkv kl Ki gav I ceYZvi wfwZ wkv_xì GKwU Ask Pvi eQi gqvw` gvawgK wkvq Ges Ab AskwUewg~jK wkvq cek Kie| gvawgK wkv kl Zviv DP wkvq hve| Ze gvawgK chvqi c_g yèQi klKD KD KvwiMwi wkvq hve| ewg~jK wkv mgvKvixì GKwU Ask cek `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie,Abiv DPZi `Zvi ewg~jK wkv MnY Kie| GB wkv kl wKQz msLK wkv_x KvwiMwi wkvq hve GesAbiv gagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| KvwiMwi wkv kl KD KD DPwkvq (ckvMZ) hve, KDevgagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| DPwkv kl DPZi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| Gfve wewfb vbI `Zv wbq Zviv KgRxeb i Kie|

4.2.3 wkvg Dbqbi wbavwiZ bxwZgvjv I wkv Kvhg mgvKvixì wkvq AMmiY wPK mwq weePbvq iLwkvgi Lmov iciLv cYqb Kiv nq| Lmov iciLvwU wkvg weklMYi ek KqKwU AfixY mfvqchvjvPbv I cwigvRb Kiv nq| Gfve cwigvwRZ wkvKg iciLvwU RvZxq chvqi 2wU mwgbvi Dc vcb IchvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme mwgbvi RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK-wkvqwekl, wkv ckvmK, kwYwkKe` AskMnY Kib| G mwgbvi evsjv`k RvZxq msmì KqKRb gvbbxqmsm` m`m I RvZxq chvqi ek KqKRb bZe` AskMnY Ki gZvgZ c` vb Kib| mwgbvi _K cv mycvwikweePbvq iL wkvKg iciLvwU cwigvRb Kiv nq| cwigvwRZ iciLvwU RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW GesRvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygvw`Z nq|

4.2.4 wkvgi iciLvq Afy welqmg~n nQ wkvi j I mvaviY Dk, iwfwK wbevwPZ welq, welqwfwKbi^ eb I mvvwnK wcwiqW msLv, wkveli Kgwèm, wcwiqWi evw, RvZxq wèmmg~n KiYxq BZvw`|

DPZi `Zviewg~jK wkv

DPwkv (mvaviY, gv`vmv, ckvMZ)

gvawgK wkvbeg _K v`k kwY(mvaviY, gv `vmv)

DPZi `ZviKg

gagvbi `ZviKg

cek `Zvi KgKvwiMwi wkv

ewg~jK wkv

cv_wgK/GeZ`vwq wkv(c_g _K Ag kwY)

cvK-cv_wgK wkvKg

Rxeb


4.3 welqwfwK wkvg Dbqbwkvgi iciLvi wfwZ cwZwU welqi wkvg Dbqbi Rb RvZxq chvqi wkv wekl, welq wekl,Awf kwYwkK I GbwmwUweZ KgiZ weklMYi mg^q cwZwU welqi Rb 5 _K 8 m`m wewk GKwU KiKwgwU wkv gYvjq KZK MVb Kiv nq| cwZwU welq KwgwUZ mg^qKvix wnmve `vwqZ cvjb Kib GmBGmwWwciGKRb wkvg wekl|

4.3.1 welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb KwgwUmg~nK wkvg Dbqb welq wbweo cwkY `Iqv nq| cwkYi cavb wZbwU nQ (K) wkvgi iciLv cwiwPwZ I wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv (L) wkvg Dbqb cwqv Ges wkvg DbqbiwbavwiZ QK I Gi eenvi (M) QKwfwK nvZ Kjg bgybv wkvg Dbqb Ges chvjvPbv|

4.3.2 cwkY cviwiK Avjvc-AvjvPbvi gvag welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb wbgwjwLZ mvcvb AbymiYi wmvbIqv nq:(K) f~wgKv (welqi msw cwiPq) (L) Dk (mvaviY Dkvewji AvjvK welqi Dkvewj) (M) cvwKwkLbdj (welqwfwK Dkvewj ARb DchvMx wbavwiZ i kl ARbhvM wkLbdj|) QK 1 G cvwKwkLbdji kwYwfwK wefvRb Ges QK 2 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj, Aavq I wcwiqW msLv, AavqwfwK welqe ,wkLb-kLvbv wb `kbv, g~jvqb wb `kbv I cvVcy K cYqb wb `kbv| hnZz beg -`kg kwY I GKv`k-v`k kwYAweQ` kwY, mnZz G y`wU chvqi wkvg Dbqb QK-1 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRbi cqvRb nq wb|

4.3.3 cwZwU welqwfwK KwgwU w`bevcx wbavwiZ msLK mfvq wgwjZ nq wbavwiZ QK wkvgi Lmov cYqb Kib|Gici GKB aibi welqQi welqwfwK KwgwUmg~n I wkvg civgkKi h_ mfvq Lmov wkvg Dc vcbI chvjvPbv Kiv nq| welq KwgwU m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb Kib|

4.3.4 GKB aibi welqmg~n wbq PviwU `j MVb Ki cwZwU `ji AvevwmK Kgkvjv AbywZ nq| welq KwgwUi m`me`,mswk fwUs KwgwU I mv`bv KwgwUi m`me`, wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ wkvg Dbqb welqK UKwbKvjKwgwUi m`me` G Kgkvjvq AskMnY Kib| G Kgkvjvq welqwfwK wkvg Dc vcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq|chvjvPbvi AvjvK mswk KwgwU wkvgi cqvRbxq cwigvRb Kib|

4.3.5 cieZxZ mKj wkvgi Rb GKwU mvaviY Ask (Generic Part) Zwi Kiv nq| G AskwU c~e c ZKZ wkvgiiciLv I welqwfwK wkvgmg~ni mv_ mg^q Ki c~Yv ic`vb Kiv nq|

4.3.6 Gici cYxZ wkvg wefvMxq Kgkvjvq Dc vcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Kgkvjvq welq-wkKMY `jMZfve ^ ^welqi wkvg wbweofve chvjvPbv Ki mywbw` mycvwik ivLb| Kgkvjvi G mycvwiki AvjvK welq KwgwUwkvg cwigvRb Ki mvweK ic`vb Kib|

4.3.7 wkvgwU UKwbKvj I fwUs KwgwU KZK cwigvRbi ci wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ cdkbvj KwgwU I RvZxqwkvg I cvVcy K evW KZK Abygvw`Z nq| mekl RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygv`b jvfi ciwkvgwU RvZxq wkvg 2012 wnmve MnxZ nq|


4.4 wkvg Dbqb wewfb chvqi Kvhgchvq Kvhg Dbqb/cYqbKvixe`

1. Ae vi weklY 1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvgchvjvPbv

1.2 gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb IPvwn`v wbicY mgxv 2010 cwiPvjbv

1.3 Dbqbkxj I DbZ KqKwU `kiwkvg chvjvPbv

1.4 cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZchvjvPbv

1.1 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUweiwkvg wekle`

1.2 GmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`

1.3 GmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`

1.4 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUweiwkvg wekle`

2. wkvgiiciLv cYqb

2.1 wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv wbaviY

2.2 wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i AMmiYcevn wP cYqb

2.3 wkvgi iciLv cYqb

2.1 wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvqGmBGmwWwc GbwmwUwei wkvgwekle`

2.2 wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvqGmBGmwWwc GbwmwUwei wkvgwekle`

2.3.1 wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvqGmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`

2.3.2 RvZxq mwgbvi `ywUZAskMnYKvixe`

3. welqwfwKwkvg Dbqb

3.1. wkvg Dbqbi Dci wbweo cwkYc` vb

3.2. welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb

3.1. wkvg civgkK I UKwbKvjKwgwU

3.2.1 wkv wekl, welq wekl,Awf kwYwkK, GbwmwUwe IGmBGmwWwci weklMYimg^q MwVZ welqwfwK wkvgDbqb KwgwU

3.2.2 wefvMxq Kgkvjvq AskMnYKvixwelqwfwK wkK IGmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`

3.2.3 UKwbKvj KwgwU I fwUs KwgwU4. wkvgi

mg^q mvab IAbygv`b

4.1. wkvgi mvgwMKfve chvR AskZwi I mKj Aski mg^q RvZxqwkvg 2012 ic`vb

4.2. RvZxq wkvg 2012 P~ov Abygv`b

4.1.1 wkvg civgkK I GmBGmwWwciwkvg wekle`

4.1.2 UKwbKvj KwgwU I fwUs KwgwU4.1.3 cdkbvj KwgwU I GbwmwUwe4.2 RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU


5. RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi ewk5.1 mvaviY, gv `vmv I BsiwR wkvavivmn mKj avivi wkvi Rb Ag kwY ch GKgyLx I Awfb wkvg cYqb|5.2 Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Kg I RxebgyLx wkv Ges K vwiqvi wkv mshvRbi cvkvcvwk cPwjZ mvgvwRK wevb welqi cwieZ evsjv`k

I wekcwiPq welq mshvRb|5.3 Rjevqy cwieZb, cRbb ^v , Z_ AwaKvi, AwURg BZ vw` welqe mshvRb|5.4 6 _K 10g kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve z ` bMvxi fvlv I ms wZ welq mshvRb|5.5 hyMi Pvwn`vbymvi mKj ii cPwjZ welqvwì welqe AvaywbKvqb Ges GKv`k-v`k kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve Uz wiRg G

nmwcUvwjwU bZzb welq mshvRb|5.6 ag wkvmn mKj welq bwZK wkvi Dci iZ c` vb|5.7 fvlv Av` vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc` vwqK PZbv weKvki gvag `kvZeva I RvZxq HK weKvki Dci iZ c` vb| ` kvZeva

weKvki gvag AvRvwZKZveva mwi cqvm|5.8 wevbgb, hywev`x, KggyLx I ` Rbkw mwi Dci iZ Avivc|5.9 gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkvq welqe gyL Kivi cwieZ kvbv, ejv, cov I jLv G PviwU `Zv kwYK

Abykxjbi gvag kLvi myhvM mw Ges AwRZ `Zv g~jvqbi cwZ ceZb|5.10 wkLb-kLvbv Kkji gvag wkv_xìK mRbkxj Kiv A_vr weklYg~jK, wPv DxcK I mRbkxj ckvi I KvR

Abykxjbi gvag mRbkxj I Dvebx gZvi weKvki myhvM c` vb|5.11 hme welq eenvwiK KvR AvQ hgb- wevb, c`v_wevb, imvqb, Rxewevb, Kwlwkv, Mvn wevb, kvixwiK wkv I ^v ,

Kg I RxebgyLx wkv, Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Pvi I KviKjv welqi ZvwK I eenvwiK Aski ga mg^q mvab GeswkvK Rxeb I ev egyLx Kivi cqvm| A_vr cwZwU Z, m~ I bxwZ wkvi mv_ mv_ eenvwiK cvV MnYi myhvM c` vb|

5.12 nvZ Kjg kLv I `jMZ AvjvPbvi gvag kLvi Dci iZ c` vb|5.13 kwY Kvhg chywi eenvi ew|5.14 wkvK Rxeb I ev egyLx Kivi cqvm Ges `kxq cvcU Dbqbg Rbkw mwi Dci iZ c` vb|5.15 Aavq _K Kx Kx vb, `Zv, g~jeva I `wfw ARb Kie Zv eywewK, gbvcwkR I AveMxq wkLbdj wnmve cwZwU

Aavqi iZ mshvRb|5.16 wkvi gvag mecKvi elg `~i Ki mgZv weavbi myhvM mw| wj, ag, eY, RvwZ, ckvMZ I A_bwZK elg `~i Kivi

j GKxf~Z wkvq iZ c` vb|5.17 ewkK Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi cqvm|5.18 cwZ wcwiqWi evw ew, AavqwfwK wcwiqW wbaviY, wkvel Kgwèmi msLv ew|5.19 RvZxq wèmmg~n zj Lvjv iL wèm D`hvcbi ee v ceZb|5.20 avivevwnK g~jvqbi (MVbKvjxb g~jvqb) gvag wkLb yèjZv wPwZ Ki wbivgqg~jK mevi gvag wkLb wbwZKiY|5.21 cPwjZ eenvwiK cixvi msvi mvabi gvag AwZwi bi c` vbi myhvM e Kiv|5.22 mvgwK g~jvqb/mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixv cwZi msvi|6. wkvg iciLv6.1 l-v`k kwYi wkvi j I Dk

jwkv_xi mvweK weKvki gvag gvbweK, mvgvwRK I bwZK Ymb vbx, `, hywev`x I mRbkxj `kcwgK Rbm`mw|

6.2 Dk6.2.1 wkv_xi my cwZfv I mvebv weKvki gvag mRbkxjZv, Kbv I Abymwrmv ewZ mnvqZv Kiv|6.2.2 wkv_xi ga gvbweK Yvewj, hgb- bwZK g~jeva, mZZv, Aaemvq, mwnyZv, kLjv, AvZwekvm, m`vPvi, Abi

cwZ kveva, bv`wbKZveva, mnv ` c~Y mK I bvqwePvieva my `pfve Mw_Z Kiv|6.2.3 gnvb fvlv Av`vjb, gywhyi PZbv I Amvc` vwqK g~jevai AvjvK wkv_xi ga `kcg, RvZxqZveva I

MYZvwK g~jeva RvMZ Kiv Ges mvebvgq bvMwiK wnmve eo DVZ mnvqZv Kiv|6.2.4 wkv_xi ga evsjv`k mK mymsnZ vbi wfZ iPbv Z_v Gi BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZ, Av_-mvgvwRK I

MYZvwK ivRbwZKPPvi cwZ AvMn I hvMZv mwi gvag ewkK cvcU `ki cMwZ I Dbqb Ae`vb ivLZmg Ki Mo Zvjv|

6.2.5 kgi ghv`v, KvRi Afvm I KvR KiZ AvMnx nIqvi cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve weKwkZ Kiv hvZ wkv_x ewMZGes `jMZ Dfq aibi KvR mv`b bwZKZv I `vwqZkxjZvi cwiPq w`Z cvi|

6.2.6 mKj KvhKi hvMvhvM ivq wkv_xi cwgZ evsjv fvlvi `Zv my`p I mymsnZ Kiv Ges wbqwgZ cvVvfvmMo Zvjv|

6.2.7 evsjv mvwnZi AwbwnZ bv`wbK m`h, kLjv Ges mL DcfvM I D`NvUb wkv_xi hvMZv weKwkZ Kiv|6.2.8 AvaywbK Kg, DPwkvmn mKj KvhKi hvMvhvMi cqvRb BsiwR fvlvi gwjK `Zvmg~n ARbi

gvag wkv_xK hvM Ki Mo Zvjv|


6.2.9 wkv_xK MvwYwZK hyw, cwZ I `Zvi mv_ cwiwPZ Kivbv Ges RxebNwb I weki cvwicvwkK mgmv mgvavbiRb MwYZi cvqvwMK `Zv weKwkZ Kiv|

6.2.10 wkv_xK chywi cwZ AvMnx Ki Zvjv Ges Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi AvZwekvmx, Drcv`bkxj GesmRbkxj wnmve Zwi Kiv|

6.2.11 wkv_x hvZ Rxebgvb Dbqbi Rb RxebNwb wewfb mgmv Abymvb I mgvavb evwbK cwqv I cwZ cqvMKiZ cvi m j evwbK `wfw I hvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|

6.2.12 `k Ges ewnweki cvKwZK I mvgvwRK cwiek Ges Rjevqyi cwieZbi Dci iZ Avivc Ki cwiekMZDcv`vb mK wkv_xì cwiwPZ Kiv| GKB mv_ mswk mKji KjvYi Rb H mKj Dcv`vbK wbqY Ieenvi Kivi hvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|

6.2.13 Lv` I cyw, kvixwiK mgZv, ivM-evwa, cRbb v^ Ges ewMZ wbivcv BZvwì Dci iZ Avivc Kiwkv_xK ^v mZ Rxebhvcbi cqvRbxq vb, Rxeb`Zv I `wfw ARb mnvqZv Kiv|

6.2.14 wkv_xi gb wbR wbR agxq wekvm I g~jeva RvMZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab ag I agvejx^ì cwZ kvkxj nZmnvqZv Kiv|

6.2.15 wkv_xi ga evOvwj RvZxi Ges z` RvwZ-Mvxmg~ni, eY, Mv, fvlv, mswZ, wewfb kwY I ckvi gvbyli cwZvZZ I kveva mw Kiv|

6.2.16 wkv_xi `wnK I gvbwmK weKvki j mnwkvwgK Kvhvewj- Ljvayjv, kixiPPv, mvs wZK KgKv, Pvi I KviKjvAbykxjbi wbqwgZ Af vm Mo Zvjv|

6.2.17 Rxebevcx wkvq AvMnx I hvM Kivi Rb wkv_xi ewMZ I mvgvwRK Rxeb, AvaywbK Kg Ges ^-Kgms vbiRb cqvRbxq vb, `Zv I `wfw my `p Kiv|

6.2.18 mnhvwMZvg~jK KvR Kivi gvag wkv_xi bZZ, mnhvwMZv I hvMvhvM `Zv weKvk mg Kiv|6.2 welq KvVvgv

l, mg I Ag kwYi welq KvVvgv, bî I mgq ebmKj avivi AvewkK welq(mvaviY wkv, gv `vmv wkv I BsiwR wkv aviv)

cixvibi^

mgqeb(Kvm wcwiqW)

mvvwnK mvgwqK evwlK1. evsjv 150 5 87 1742. BsiwR 150 5 87 1743. MwYZ 100 4 70 1404. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 100 3 53 1065. wevb 100 4 70 1406. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 50 2 35 70

7.gvU 650 23 402 804

mvaviY wkv avivi AvewkK welqag I bwZK wkv:Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ wn yàg I bwZK wkv/ wLag I bwZK wkv/eag I bwZK wkv

100 3 53 106

8. kvixwiK wkv I ^v 50 2 35 709. Kg I RxebgyLx wkv 50 2 35 7010. Pvi I KviKjv 50 2 35 70

gvU 250 9 158 316mvaviY avivi HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)

11. z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ/Kwlwkv/Mvn wevb/Aviwe/msZ/cvwj 100 2 35 70megvU 1000 34 595 1190

è: c_g wcwiqWi evw 60wgwbU I Abvb wcwiqWi evw 50wgwbU| kwbevi _K eyaevi cwZw`b 6wcwiqW Ges enwZevi 4wcwiqW| `wbK cviwK mgvek (Assembly) Gi gqv` 15wgwbU Ges 3q wcwiqW ci gav weiwZi evw 45wgwbU| `yB wkdU cwiPvwjZ cwZvb me 5wgwbU Ki mgq Kg ne Ges gav weiwZi evw 25wgwbU|


6.3mvaviY wkv avivi beg I `kg kwYi welq-KvVvgv, bi^ I mgq ebwelqi aib welq cixvi

bi^mgqeb

(Kvm wcwiqW)mvvwnK mvgwqK evwlK

AvewkK

1. evsjv 200 5 80 1602. BsiwR 200 5 80 1603. MwYZ 100 4 64 1284. ag I bwZK wkv

(Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ wn y`ag I bwZK wkv/wLag I bwZK wkv / eag I bwZK wkv)

100 2 32 64

5. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 50 2 32 646. Kvwiqvi wkv 50 1 16 327. kvixwiK wkv, ^v wevb I Ljvayjv 100 2 32 64

gvU 800 21 336 672kvLvwfwK welqwevb kvLviRb AvewkK

welq

8. c`v_wevb 100 3 54 1089. imvqb 100 3 54 10810.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ 100 3 54 10811.evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 100 3 54 108

wevb kvLviHwQK welq(GKwU bIqv

hve)

12.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ/ z` bMvxi fvlv ImswZ/Kwlwkv/Mvn wevb/f~Mvj I cwiek/Pvi IKviKjv/msMxZ/ewmK UW/kvixwiK wkv I xov*

100 3 54 108

megvU 1300 36 606 1212eemvq wkvkvLvi Rb

AvewkK welq

8. eemvq D`vM 100 3 54 1089. wnmvewevb 100 3 54 10810.wdbv I evswKs 100 3 54 10811.wevb 100 3 54 108

eemvq wkvkvLvi HwQK

welq(GKwU bIqv

hve)

12.f~Mvj I cwiek/ evsjv`k I wekcwiPq/Kwlwkv/Mvn wevb/ z` bMvxi fvlv ImswZ/Pvi I KviKjv/ msMxZ/ewmK UW

100 3 54 108

megvU 1300 36 606 1212gvbweK kvLviRb AvewkK

welq

8. evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv 100 3 54 1089. f~Mvj I cwiek 100 3 54 10810. A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv 100 3 54 10811. wevb 100 3 54 108

gvbweK kvLviHwQK welq(GKwU bqv

hve)

12.A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv/Pvi IKviKjv/Kwlwkv /Mvn wevb/z` bMvxi fvlv ImswZ/ Aviwe/msZ/cvwj/ msMxZ/ewmK UW/kvixwiK wkv I xov*

100 3 54 108

megvU 1300 36 606 1212`e: wevb, gvbweK I eemvq wkv kvLv _K hKvbv GKwU kvLv wbevPb Ki wbevwPZ kvLvi AvewkK welqmg~n wbZ

ne| mvn 6w`b `wbK 6wcwiqW AbywZ ne| wcwiqWi evw I Abvb welq l _K Ag kwYi Abyic ne|* kvixwiK wkv I xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb kvLv I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK

welq wnmve wbZ cvie|


6.4 GKv`k-v`k kwYi welqKvVvgv (ay 2013-2014 wkveli Rb chvR)

2013 - 2014 wkveli Rb RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi wb`kbv Abymvi GKv`k I v`k kwYi welq KvVvgv wbic :1. wkv_x wbi hKvbv GKwU kvLvq fwZ nZ cvie| kvLvmg~n nQ -

K. gvbweK L. wevb M. eemvq wkv N. Bmjvg wkv O. Mvn wevb Ges P. msMxZ2. mKj kvLvi AvewkK welq 1. evsjv (cyivZb wkvg) 2. BsiwR (cyivZb wkvg) 3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw3. kvLvwfwK welqmg~n wbic -

kvLv kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq kvLvwfwK HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)wevb 4. c`v_wevb

5. imvqb6. Rxewevb A_ev DPZi MwYZ

7. (K) Rxewevb, (L) DPZi MwYZ, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) fMvj, (O)gbvwevb, (P) cwimsLvb, (Q) cKkj AsKb I IqvKkc c vKwUm(cyivZb wkvg), (R)*xov (cyivZb wkvg) ay weKGmwciwkv_x`i Rb

gvbweK hKvbv wZbwU welq :4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ5. cibxwZ I mykvmb6. A_bxwZ7. mgvRwevb A_ev mgvRKg8. fMvj9. hywwe`v

10. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_bxwZ, (M) fMvj, (N) hywwe`v, (O)mgvRwevb, (P) mgvRKg, (Q) BwZnvm, (R) Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ(S) Bmjvg wkv, (T) gbvwevb, (U) cwimsLvb, (V) b-wevb (bZzbwkvg cYqb mvc) (W) Kwlwkv (X) Mvn A_bxwZ (cyivZbwkvg), (Y) Pviy I KviyKjv (cyivZb wkvg), (Z) bvUKjv (cyivZbwkvg), (_) mgiwe`v (cyivZb wkvg), (`) Aviwe A_ev cvwj A_evmsZ (cyivZb wkvg), (a) jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg), (b) DPZiMwYZ, (c) *xov (cyivZb wkvg) ay weKGmwci wkv_x`i Rb

eemvqwkv

4. eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv5. wnmvewevb6. wdbv, evswKs I wegv A_ev

Drcv`b eevcbv I wecYb

7. (K) wdbv, evswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b ee vcbv I wecYb, (M),cwimsLvb, (N) fMvj, (O) A_bxwZ, (P) Kwlwkv, (Q) Mvn A_bxwZ(cyivZb wkvg), (R) mvwPweK we`v I Awdm ee vcbv (2015-16wkvel ch Pje)

Bmjvgwkv

4. Bmjvg wkv5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ6. Aviwe (cyivZb wkvg)

7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvn wevb(cyivZb wkvg), (O) gbvwevb, (P) hywwe`v, (Q) fMvj, (R) A_bxwZ

Mvn A_bxwZ

4. mvaviY wevb Ges Lv` I cyw wevb5. eenvwiK wkKjv Ges e I cvlvK wk6. Mn eevcbv I wkeaY Ges cvwievwiK mK(cyivZb wkvg)

7. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) gbvwevb, (M) A_bxwZ, (N) mgvRKg,(O) fMvj, (P) mgvRwevb, (Q)msMxZ jNy/DPv(cyivZb wkvg), (R)mvwPweKwe`v I Awdm ee vcbv Ges (T) Bmjvg wkv

msMxZ 4. jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)5. DPv msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)6. A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_evBwZnvm

7. (K) A_bxwZ, (L) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) gbvwevb, (N) hywwe`v,(O) Mvn A_bxwZ (cyivZb wkvg), (P) mgvRwevb, (Q) mgvRKg

* BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| ZgwbfvemgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK welq wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB mAvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|

* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie| mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y bi^ ne 200| ay Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welq GKwU c _vKe Ges Gi c~Y bi^ ne 100| mKj welq mvvwnK wcwiqW 5wU| Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqi mvvwnK wcwiqW 3wU| cwZwU wcwiqWi evw ne 60 wgwbU| GKB welq kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq Ges HwQK welq wnmve `yevi bIqv hve bv| h me welq eenvwiK AvQ Hme welq Zxq I eenvwiK mgw^Zfve Pje| A_vr Zxq Ask Ges G mswk eenvwiK Aski

wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg GKB mv_ cwiPvwjZ ne| cvVcy K mfveB cYxZ ne| RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW KZK cKvwkZ evsjv I BsiwR eB eenvi KiZ ne| Abvb welqi cvVcy K RvZxq wkvg I

cvVcy K evW KZK Abygvw`Z nZ ne| Ze idvi wnmve Abvb eB eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|


6.5 RvZxq wkvg 2012 Abymvi GKv`k-v`k kwYi welq KvVvgv (2014-2015 wkvel nZ KvhKi ne)

1. wkv_xK wbi hKvb GKwU kvLvq fwZ nZ ne| kvLvmg~n nQK. gvbweK L. wevb M. eemvq wkv N. Bmjvg wkv kvLv O. Mvn wevb Ges P. msMxZ

2. mKj kvLvi Rb AvewkK welq 1. evsjv 2. BsiwR 3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw3. kvLvwfwK welqmg~n-kvLv kvLvwfwK AvewkK wZbwU welq kvLvwfwK HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)

wevb 4. c`v_wevb5. imvqb6. Rxewevb A_ev DPZi MwYZ

7. (K) Rxewevb, (L) DPZi MwYZ, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) fMvj, (O)gbvwevb, (P) cwimsLvb, (Q) gwKvwevb, (R) cKkj AsKb IIqvKkc c vKwUm (cyivZb wkvKg), (S)*xov (cyivZb wkvg),

gvbweK 4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjvgi BwZnvm ImswZ

5. cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev A_bxwZ A_evhywwe`v

6. mgvRwevb A_ev mgvRKg A_ev fMvj

7. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_bxwZ, (M) fMvj, (N) hywwe`v,(O) mgvRwevb, (P) mgvRKg, (Q) Bmjvg wkv, (R) gbvwevb,(S) cwimsLvb, (T) b-wevb (bZzb wkvg cYqb mvc) (U)Kwlwkv (V) Mvn wevb, (W) Pviy I KviyKjv, (X) bvUKjv (cyivZbwkvg), (Y) mgiwe`v (cyivZb wkvg), (Z) Aviwe A_ev cvwjA_ev msZ (cyivZb wkvg), (_) *xov (cyivZb wkvg)

eemvqwkv

4. eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv5. wnmvewevb6. wdbv, evswKs I wegv, A_ev Drcv`b

ee vcbv I wecYb

7. (K) wdbv, evswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b ee vcbv I wecYb, (M)UzwiRg G nmwcUvwjwU, (N) gvbe m` Dbqb (bZzb wkvgcYqb mvc), (O) cwimsLvb, (P) fMvj, (Q) A_bxwZ, (R)Kwlwkv, (S) Mvn wevb, (T) mvwPweK we`v I Awdm ee vcbv(2015-16 wkvel ch)

Bmjvgwkv

4. Bmjvg wkv5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ6. Aviwe

7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvn wevb,(O) gbvwevb, (P) hywwe`v, (Q) fMvj, (R) A_bxwZ

Mvn wevb 4. wki weKvk5. Lv` I cyw6. Mn ee vcbv Ges cvwievwiK Rxeb

7. (K) wkKjv I e cwiQ`, (L) gbvwevb, (M) A_bxwZ, (N)mgvRKg, (O) fMvj, (P) mgvRwevb

mxZ 4. jNy mxZ5. DPv mxZ6. A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev

BwZnvm

7. (K) A_bxwZ, (L) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) gbvwevb, (N)hywwe`v, (O) Mvn wevb, (P) mgvRwevb, (Q) mgvRKg

* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie| BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| Zgwbfve

mgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB mAvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|

mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y bi^ ne 200| ay Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welq GKwU c _vKe Ges Gi c~Y bi^ ne 100| mKj welq mvvwnK wcwiqW 5wU| Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqi mvvwnK wcwiqW 3wU| cwZwU wcwiqWi evw ne 60 wgwbU| GKB welq kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq Ges HwQK welq wnmve `yevi bIqv hve bv| h me welq eenvwiK AvQ Hme welq Zxq I eenvwiK mgw^Zfve Pje| A_vr Zxq Ask Ges G mswk eenvwiK Aski wkLb-

kLvbv Kvhg GKB mv_ cwiPvwjZ ne| cvVcy K mfveB cYxZ ne| RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW KZK cKvwkZ evsjv I BsiwR eB eenvi KiZ ne| Abvb welqi cvVcy K RvZxq wkvg I

cvVcy K evW KZK Abygvw`Z nZ ne| Ze idvi wnmve Abvb eB eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|


7. wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkjwkvgi myz evevqbi gvag wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiY A_vr wkLbdj ARb cavbZ `ywU welqi Dci wbfikxj|mePq iZc~YwU nQ kwYwkKi mwq mnhvwMZv I h_vchy wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkji myy cqvM GeswZxqwU nQ gvbmZ cvVcyK I Abvb wkv DcKiYi mwVK eenvi| Dfq B wkKi f~wgKv AZiZc~Y| GK K_vq wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiYi wkKi Pq Dg Avi wKQy bB| GLvb weklfve DjL,AbK KwVb I RwUj KvR hv Kivi Rb AbK kg I mgq cqvRb Zv h_vwPZ cwZ I Kkj cqvM mnR I Kgmgq mwVKfve mb Kiv me| wkv_xi wkLbi I G wbqg chvR| wkK c~ec wZ wbq Kg cwikg GesAcvKZ Kg mgq h_vh_ cwZ I Kkj cqvM wkv_xi wkLbdj ARb wbwZ KiZ cvib|

7.1 wkv_xi wkLb wbwZ Kivi weeP welq7.1.1 wkLb-kLvbv cwqvq wkv_xi mwqZv LyeB iZc~Y| mwqZvi `ywU -gvbwmK mwqZv I `wnK mwqZv|

gvbwmK mwqZv A_vr wkYxq welq wkv_xi wPb cwqv Dx Kiv| Ggb mgmv, ck ev KvR Ìqv hvi mgvavbwPv Ki ei KiZ nq| `wnK mwqZv njv nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLv| wkv jvf cwqvq wkv_xK mwq ivLvMj Kg mgq I mnR wkLb me|

7.1.2 gvbyl GK aibi KvR `xN mgq gbvhvM w`Z cvi bv| wkì gbvhvM Ìqvi evw eqì Pq Kg|wewfb MelYvq `Lv MQ, 12 _K 16 eQi eqmx wkì G evw 8 _K 10 wgwbU, ZvI Avevi wbfi KiKvRwU KZUv AvKlYxq Ges Avb``vqK Zvi Dci| AZGe kwY Kvhg ne ewPc~Y| AvjvPbv, `jMZ KvR, M,jLv, AuvKv, weZK, Awfbq, nvZ-Kjg KvR, ckvi, c` kb BZvw` cvVi mv_ mwZ iL cqvM Kiv nj wkv_xigbvhvM ai ivLv me|

7.1.3 cZK ewB Z^ (every individual is a unique)| wkv_xì Zv ewk weePbvi `vwe ivL| cZKwkv_x Zvi wbRi gZv Ki wbR MwZZ kL| ZvB ew^vZ i K_v weePbvq iL h_vme wkv_xi DchvMxDcvq mnhvwMZv Ìqv nj wkv_xi c wkvjvf mnR nq|

7.1.4 wkvK ejv nq eK cwqv| eKi Dci eK vcb Ki weivU BgviZ Zwi Kiv nq| GKBfve Rvbv AwfZv, vb I`Zvi Dci wfw Ki bZzb vb, `Zv I g~jeva ARb mnR mnvqZv Ìqv hvq| ZvB wkv_xi Rxeb _K Dcgv,D`vniY w`q Ges c~ej vb, `Zvi mv_ mshvM vcb Ki bZzb vb, `Zv ARb mnvqZv Kiv nj wkv jvfmnR nq|

7.1.5 wkv_xiv hv wkLe Zv eyS wkLe| Kvbv welq mK my aviYv jvf Kie| bv eyS gyL Kiv h_v_ wkv bq|GZ wkLbi mvjb nq bv| eyS wkLj ev Kvbv mgmv mgvavbi hyw I cwZ eyS cqvM Kij Abyic mgmvimgvavb wkv_x wbRB KiZ cvi| ZvB wkLbi Rb gyLi Pq eySvi Dci iZ Ìqv cqvRb|

7.1.6 wkv jvf h_vh_ wkv DcKiYi mwVK eenvi AZ iZc~Y| me welqB Kg-ewk wkv DcKiY eenvii myhvMAvQ| wkvcKiYi mvnvh RwUj I weg~Z welqK mnR I g~Z Ki Dcvcb Ki welqwUK aviYv Ìqv hvq|GKwU QvU MvQ kwYZ c` kb Ki MvQi wewfb Ask evLv Kij wKsev gvwwgwWqvq m~hMnY `Lvj Zv m^ hZmnR mwVK aviYv jvf me Ab Kvbvfve Zv me bq| gvwwgwWqv eenvii myhvM bv _vKj P `, cw_ex I m~hiAwfbq ev PvU eenvi Kiv hvq|

7.1.7 wkLbK vqxKiYi Rb cqvRb Abykxjbi eev| bZzbfve AwRZ vb, `Zv evievi Abykxjb Kiv nj GKw`Khgb wkLb vqx nq, Abw`K wkLb mvjbi myhvM mw nq|

7.1.8 wkv ARbi wkv_xi cwZ wkKi mnvbyf~wZc~Y AvPiY LyeB iZc~Y| wkK-wkv_xi mK Ggb ne hbwkv_x ay jLvcov welqK mgmv bq, Zvi h Kvbv ewMZ, cvwievwiK mgmv webv msKvP wkKi mv_ AvjvPbvKi| wkK mgmv mgvavb civgk wèb Ges mvagZ mnvqZv Kieb| wkK-wkv_xi gvS Kvbv `qvj _vKe bv|mK ne mn-kvi Ges LyeB Nwb I AvwiK|

7.1.9 wkKi wekvm _vKZ ne h, Zuvi mKj wkv_xB kLvi mvg_ mb| mevi kLvi Dcvq I MwZi ga cv_K _vKZcvi, Ze Dchy cwiek I mnhvwMZv cj mevB wkLe| Kvb wkv_xi cwZ wkKi bwZevPK gbvfve _vKj HwkK _K wkv_xi DcKZ nIqvi mvebv LyeB Kg| ZvB cwZwU wkv_xi cwZ wkKi DP aviYv _vKv evbxq|Kvb wkv_xK KLbI Zvi gv_vq Mvei, ZvK w`q wKQyB ne bv, Mvav, Ac`v_ BZvw` Kvbv aibi bwZevPKev wbirmvng~jK K_v ejv hve bv| eZ eenvi ev Kvbv cKvi kvixwiK ev gvbwmK kvw c` vb wkv jvfi AivqGes ivxq AvBb kvwhvM Aciva| fq-fxwZ bv `wLq eis Drmvn c` vb Kiv nj wkv_xi kLvi AvMn AbKUvBeo hvq|


8. wkLb gZev`8.1 wkv wevbi AZ iZc~Y welq wkLb gZev`| `xNw`b ai _bWvBKi cPv I fyj mskvab gZev` (Trail and

Error Theory of Thorndike); cfjfi DxcK I cwZwqvwfwK mvc cwZeZev` (Conditioned Reflex Theory ofPavlov); Kvnjvi I KvdKvii mgMZvev` (Gestalt Theory) wkLbi AbymZ nq AvmQ| eqmf` wkì AeaviYgZv wfb G welq Theory of Cognitive Development of Piaget wkvwevb mwekl Ae`vb iL PjQ| G gZevÀeaviY gZv ev mvg_i ZviZg Abymvi 1 _K 16 eQi eqmi wk RxebK PviwU i fvM Kiv nqQ| fvMjvnQ (K) 0-2 eQi mse`b mvjbi i (L) 2-7 eQi cvK-KvhKi i (M) 7-11 eQi ev e KvhKi i Ges (N) 11-16eQi AvbyvwbK KvhKi i| wkvg Dbqb I wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvq wki AeaviY gZv ev mvg_ i welqweePbvq ivLv LyeB iZc~Y| Kvb eqmi wk KZUzKz aviY KiZ cvi ev Kvb eqm Kx Kx aibi weg~Z aviYv jvfKiZ mg m mK my aviYv _vKv AZvekK| wkLbi DwjwLZ cZKwU gZev` g~jZ AvPiYev`| wK eZgvb wekmevwaK AvjvP wkLb gZev`wU aviYv MVb mwKZ hv MVbev` bvg cwiwPZ|

8.2 MVbev` (Constructivist Theory)wkv_x wKfve kL G mK wkv gbvwevbxì AevnZ cPvi dj D~Z mevaywbK Z nQ MVbev`| jvwUbk Constrvere _K Construct kwUi Drcw hvi A_ webvm Kiv ev MVb Ìqv| ZvB G Zi g~jK_v njv aviYvMVbB wkLb| cwZ gyn~Z Bw`q Mvn Z_ viv Avgvì wPbi ga h wbqwgZ MVb Ges cwieZb nQ Zvi gvagBwkLb cwqv NU| cZK wkv_x wbRi AwfZv Ges cvwicvwkKZv Abyavb Ki wbRi gZv GKKfve bZzb vb IaviYv MVb Ki| ew bZzb wKQyi myLxb nj m GUvK Zvi c~ej vb I AwfZvi AvjvK hvPvB Ki MnY Ki|GfveB ew bZzb aviYv ev vb ARb Ki| hvPvBq bZzb welqK Aevi gb nj GUvK m evwZj Ki `q|wkLbi Jerome Bruner cwiek I fvlv weKvki Dci ewk cvavb w`qQb| Zuvi gZ, vbweKvki cwieki f~wgKv ewk Ges vbweKvki wewfb i wk vbi AvIZvfz wewfb mgmvi mgvavb wewfbfve `q| GUvwbfi Ki wki c~e AwfZv I vbi Dci|David Jonassen gb Kib MVbev` wkKi f~wgKv ne bZzb aviYv MVb wkv_xK mnvqZv Kiv| ay Z I Z_mieivn Kiv bq| wkK mgmv-mgvavb ev Abymvbi wb `kbv wèb, wkv_xiv hvZ wbRivB AbywgZ aviYv Zwi Icixv Ki wmv wbZ cvi Ges `jMZ wkLb cwiek AbìK Zv RvbvZ cvi| G cwqvq vb jvfi gvagwkv_xiv wKfve DcKZ nQ Zv D`NvUb KiZ wkK wkv_xì DrmvwnZ Kib| Jonassen AviI gb Kib h,wkv_xiv wbRiv wbRìK ck Ki Ges Zvì eeZ cwZ Kkji h_v_Zv hvPvB Ki wbRivB g gAwf wkv_xZ cwiYZ nq, wKfve wkLZ nq (How to learn) Zv Zviv Avq Ki dj| Gfve Zviv Rxebevcxwkv_xZ (Life-long learners) cwiYZ nq|MVbev`wfwZ wkvgi webvm ne kwLj (spiral)| G ee vq wkv_x AwRZ aviYv, vb I `wfwi Dci wfwKi gvMZfve bZzb bZyb aviYv, vb I `wfw ARb Kie|David Jonassen Gi gZvbymvi MVbev`x kwYK wkLb ne- MwVZ (Constructed) : wkv_xiv Zvì c~evb, aviYv I AwfZvi mv_ bZzb vb I AwfZvi mg^q Ki Abyavbi

gvag wbRi gvS bZzb aviYv MVb Kie| mwq (Active) : wkv_xiv wbRivB wbRì aviYv mw Kie| wkK ZvìK cqvRbxq wb `kbv wèb Ges

wkv_xìK cixv KiZ, DcKiYvw` eenvi KiZ, ck KiZ I cPv PvjvZ myhvM Ki wèb|wkv_xìK wbRì j I Kgcv wbaviY mnvqZv wèb|

8. wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvi KwZcq cwZ I Kkjwkv_xi wkLb AbKvsk wbfi Ki wkK KZK cwiPvwjZ cwZ I Kkji Dci| wkv_xì gZv I ceYZvGes cvVi ewki wfwZ cwZ I Kkj wbevPb Kiv cqvRb| cwZ I Kkj mwVK nj Ges h_vh_fvecqvM Kiv nj wkv_x mnR wkLZ cvi| GLvb KqKwU cwZ I Kkji msw cwiPq Ìqv njv|


8.1 ck-Di cwZ (Question-Answer Method)ck-Di GKwU ej cPwjZ I KvhKi cwZ| G cwZi mwVK cqvMi gvag wkv_xK mwq iL wkLbmnhvwMZv Kiv hvq| wewfb Dk ck Kiv nq _vK| kLvi Rb ck, wkLbdj ARb cwigvci Rb ck, Kvb weklKgi DchvwMZv hvPvB Kivi Rb ck, BZvw` ek KqK aibi ck iqQ|

8.2 ck Kivi ixwZ mg kwYK Dk Ki ck Kiv| GKRb Kvbv wkv_xK ck Kiv nj kwYi Ab wkv_xiv wbwq _vK,

AgbvhvMx nZ cvi| ZvB mevBK mwq ivLvi Rb mg kwYK ck KiZ nq| wPv Ki Di wVK Kivi Rb wKQyUv mgq Ìqv| Di `vb kLjv eRvq ivLv| Di`vb mg wkv_xiv nvZ DVve| mevi GKmv_ Di Ìqvi Afvm ZvM

KivZ ne| wkv_xK wbw ` Ki Di w`Z ejv| GKB wkv_xK evi evi Di Ìqvi myhvM bv w`q chvqg mevBK

myhvM Ìqv| cqvRb Di`vb BwZ w`q mnvqZv Kiv| Di mwVK bv nj Ab wkv_xK Di w`Z ejv| mwVK Di cybivew Kiv| Gici c~e nvZ DVvq wb Ggb AcviM wkv_xK GKB cki Di w`Z ejv| cqvRb Abymvbx ck (probing question) Kiv| GKwU cki Di _K h ck RvM ZvK Abymvbx ck ejv

nq|8.2.1 cki aib

cki fvlv ne mnR I kwY DchvMx| ck ne wkv_xi wPv DxcK I ciYv mwKvix| Kb, wKfve, KviY Kx, evLv Ki, weklY Ki, Zzjbv Ki

BZvw` viv ck Kiv nj wPv Ki Di ei KiZ nq| hme cki Di nu v ev bv Ggb ck bv KivB fvj| wZ wbfi ck hgb Kx, K, Kv_vq, KqwU ev KvK ej

BZ vw` ck hZUv me cwinvi Kiv| chvqg Ggbfve ck Kiv hb ckmg~ni Di _K welqe mK aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| cqvRb

ckvii gvS gvS AvjvPbv Kiv| Abymvbg~jK ck (probing question) A_vr GKwU cki Di _K D~Z ck Ki welqi c~YZv Avbv cqvRb|

hgb-g~j ck : we`vjq wkv_xì Mo Dcw wZ KZ?Di : mvaviY mgq 85%, wekl mgq 50%Abymvbg~jK ck : wekl mgq Kg Kb?Di : avb ivcY I avb KvUvi gmyg Qjgqì AbK KwlKvR AwffveKK mnvqZv Ki ZvB Zvivwe`vjq Avm bv|

8.2.2 wkKi KiYxq mwVK Dii Rb wkv_xK Drmvn c` vb fyj Dii Rb cqvRbxq wb`kbv Ìqv I wkLZ AbyciYv c` vb Kiv mwVK Dii cm Ub AvjvPbvi gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv wkv_xK ck KiZ myhvM Ìqv, DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges wkv_xi cki Di Ìqv|

9. `jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK wkv cwZ`jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK cwZ GKwU mdj wkLbcwZ| G cwZZ GKB eqtgi ev GKB chvqi wkv_xivcii wg_wqvi gvag wkv jvf Ki| G wkKi f~wgKv civ njI iZc~Y| `jMZ KvRi gvagcwZwU wkv_xi ay vb-`ZvB ew cvq bv, mv_ mv_ ek wKQy gvbweK Yvewji weKvk NU| K_v kvbvi I K_vejvi kLjv AbymiY, cigZ mwnzZv, bZZ, mgSvZv BZvw` Yvewji weKvk NU|


9.1 `j MVbwewfbfve `j MVb Kiv hvq| hgb mg-mvg_ i wkv_xì `j, wgk mvg_ i wkv_xì `j, welqwfwK `j,AjwfwK `j BZvw`| AbK wgk mvg_ `ji myweav Abì Pq wKQyUv ewk| cwZ cvVi Rb ev cwZwelqi Rb bZzb Ki `j MVb KiZ Mj AbK mgq jvM| ZvB kwYwkK (whwb c_g wcwiqW Kvm bb) `jMVb Kieb| cqvRb GK gvm Ai Ai bZzb Ki `j MVb Kieb| GZ wkv_xì wg_wqvi cwimi ewcvq| GKB kwYi wewfb welqi wkKMY kwYwkK KZK MwVZ `jjvKB `jMZ KvR wbqvwRZ Kieb|cwZwU `ji AvKvi 6Rb _K 8Rb nj fvj, Ze 10Rbi ewk nIqv evbxq bq| cZK `ji GKwU Ki bvg_vKj myweav nq| dj, dzj, cvwL, b`x ev is Gi bvg `ji bvg ivLv hvq|

9.1.1 `jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm`jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm Ggb ne hvZ `ji mKj wkv_x gyLvgywL emZ cvi| kwYKi AvKvi eo njGes chv Avmevec _vKj, cwZ `j Mvj Uweji Pvicvk eme| Gic Avmevec bv _vKj cvKv gSZgv`yiI Mvj nq emZ cvi| bZzev c_g ei wkv_xiv Nyi wZxq ei gyLvgywL eme, Gfve ZZxq eNyi PZz_ ei gyLvgywL| G cwZ `ji wkv_xìK ci ci yè emZ ne| wkK `jMZ KvR eywSqÌqvi mv_ mv_B `jefve em `jMZ KvR i KiZ ne| Avmevec UvbvUvwb Ki mgq b Kiv hve bv|

9.1.2 `jMZ KvR Kivi cwqv `j fvM nIqvi AvMB mgeZ Kvm wkK Ki `jMZ KvR eywSq w` eb| wkK `ji GKRbK GKwU KvRi Rb `jbZv gbvbqb wèb| chvqg `ji cZKK `jbZvi `vwqZ

wèb| wkv_xiv `j fvM nq eme| `ji cZK welqwU wbq wPv Kie| Zvici AvjvPbv i Kie| GKRb K_v

ejvi mgq Abiv gb w`q be| K_vi gvS KD K_v eje bv| Ze AvjvPbv Ah_v `xN ev cm ewnf~Z nj`jbZv f`fve wbqY Kie|

`ji cZK AvjvPbvq AskMnY Kie| AvjvPbvi gvag Z, Z_, hyw Dc vcb I hyw Lb Kie| Kviv K_v AcQ` nj ev gbtcyZ bv nj ah ai bZ ne, ci hyw w`q Lb Kiv hve, ivM Kiv ev Akvfb

AvPiY Kiv hve bv| Rvi Ki Abì Dci wbRi gZvgZ Pvwcq Ìqvi Pv Kiv hve bv| AvjvPbvi djvdj `ji wmv wnmve wjLZ ne Ges mevBK gb wbZ ne| cieZxZ mgeZ Kvm wkKi wb `kvbymvi H AvjvPbvi `jbZv `ji cwZe`b Dc vcb Kie| Ab `ji ck

_vKj `ji c h Kvbv GKRb Di w` e| `jMZ KvR Pjvi mgq Kvbv gZvbK ev mgmv `Lv w`j `jbZv nvZ Zzj wkKi wb `kbv PvBe|

9.1.3 `jMZ KvRi aib`jMZ KvR cavbZ Abymvbg~jK ev mgmvwfwK ne| `jMZ KvRi welq wPv DxcK, mRbkxj I weklYagxne| mvaviY Z, Z_ ev vbg~jK Rvbvi welq `jMZ AvjvPbvi welq nq bv| ZvZ Abymvb ev wPv DxcK wKQy_vK bv|

9.1.4 `jMZ KvRi KqKwU D`vniYK. evsjv`k _K wewfb cRvwZi cvwL gvMZ wejy nIqvi KviY I Zvì ivi Dcvq Abymvb|L. Mvgi wbii gvbylK ^v mPZb Kivi wkv_xì KiYxq wbaviY|M. cixYi gvag wewfb cKvi gvwUi ewk wPwZKiY|N. evsjv`ki wkì AwaKvi ivq miKvi, mgvR I AwffveKi KiYxq wbaviY|O. GKwU AbyQì mvigg D`&NvUb|


9.1.5 `jMZ KvRi welq wnmve mwVK bqK. AbycvZmn evqyi Dcv`vbmg~ni bvgL. evsjv`ki f~-cKwZi eYbvM. mvK `kmg~ni ivRavbx, RbmsLv I gv_vwcQy AvqN. cigvYyi MVb eYbvO. Z_ AwaKvi AvBb eYbv

9.1.6 `jMZ KvRi gvag wkLb yèjZvi Aemvbwkv_xì KD KD wewfb KviY wbavwiZ wkLbdj ARb KiZ cvi bv| avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkLb`yejZvmb wkv_xì wPwZ Ki Zvì Rb wekl `jMZ KvRi eev Kiv hvq| G GKB kwYi GKRbwkLbdj ARbKvix PKm wkv_xK `jbZv wnmve `ji AbìK wkLb mnhvwMZv Kivi `vwqZ Ìqv nq|wkK `jbZvK c~eB cqvRbxq wb `kbv w`q `b| mgchvqi wkv_x viv Ab wkv_xìK wkLb mnhvwMZvÌqvK Peer Learning ejv nq|

9.1.7 `jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkKi KiYxq`jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkK Nyi Nyi cZK `ji KvR cheY Kieb| hLvb hLb cqvRb wb `kbv ImnvqZv wèb| cieZxZ `jMZ KvR Dc vcbi mgq fyj-vw ev Am~YZv _vKj awiq wèb|

10. c` kb cwZ (Demonstration Method)c` kb cwZi g~jK_v njv Kvbv wKQy `wLq m mK aviYv jvf wkv_xìK mnvqZv Kiv| Kvbv wKQyDc vcb ay eYbv ev AvjvPbvq mxgve bv _K Zv `Lvbv nj aviYv jvf mnR nq Ges GZ wkv_xì AvMnI Drmvn ew cvq| G cwZZ cvVi welq mswk ev e e ev cZfve cwqv `wLq eYbv, AvjvPbv ev ck-Dii gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv nq| hgb- GKwU Rev dzji Askjv `wLq dzji Askjvi mKaviYv ARb mnvqZv Kiv; kwYK wkv_xì mvgb hcvwZ mshvRb Ki ` vi mv_ cvZjv mvjwdDwiK GwmWwgwkq nvBWvRb c Z Ki `Lvbv BZvw`|AbK ev e e ev NUbv mivmwi `Lvbv me nq bv| m Aaev ei mvnvh aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kivhvq| hgb- P` ev m~hMnY mK aviYv jvfi Rb kwYK wmwW ev wWwfwWi gvag gvwwgwWqvq cw_ex IPuvì wbR wbR Kc_ N~Yb `wLq MnY NUvi welqwU cwivi Kiv hvq| cRi ev gvwwgwWqv bv _vKj PvUigvag `Lvbv hvq| wekl wkv_xìK kwYKi evBi wbq ev e NUbv cZfve `wLq wkv jvfmnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- f~wgqi KviYjv cZ `Lvbv hvq| me nj HwZnvwmK vb wbq wewfb wb`kb`wLq I eYbv Ki aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- Kzwgjvi KvUevwo kvjeb wenvi cwi`kb wbq ZrKvjxbemfZv mK RvbZ mvnvh Kiv|c` kb cwZZ wkv_xì Abymwrmv ew cvq| mnR mwVK aviYv jvf KiZ cvi| wkLb AcvKZ `xN vqxnq| c` kb cwZZ j ivLZ ne hb me wkv_x `LZ cvq|

11. Abymvbg~jK KvRi aibAbymvbg~jK KvR g~jZ KgKw`K cwZ| wWDBi mwqZv Zi wfwZ cwiPvwjZ G cwZZ wkv_xivGKKfve ev `jMZfve wbRì cPvq wbqgZvwK cwZZ wkv jvf Ki _vK| G cwZZ wkv_x Kvbvwelq ev NUbv ev mgmvi KviY, djvdj, cwZwqv BZvw` D`&NvUb Ki| bw_c chvjvPbv, cwi`kb, cheY,mvvrKvi MnY bvbvfve Abymvb KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|| D`vniY- hyemgvRi AvKvk mswZi cwZ ceYZv ewi KviY I djvdj wk Aj evqy ~`lYi KviY I djvdj Lv` Drcv`b AwZgvvq ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK è eenvii cwZwqv|


12. Abymvbg~jK cwZZ wkLb cwqvcZKwU Abymvbi Rb GKwU welq ev mgmv wbevPb KiZ nq| G cwZZ hveZxq Kvhg cavbZ cuvPwU chvqcwiPvwjZ nq| chvqjv nQ-K. mgmv/Dk wbaviYL. cwiKbv cYqbM. Z_ msMnN. Z_ weklYO. cwZe`b cYqbme c_g Kvhgi mgmv wPwZ Kiv ev Dk wbaviY KiZ nq| wZxq chvq mgM Kvhgi Rb cwiKbv cYqbKiZ nq| Dk ARbi Rb Kx Kx KiZ ne, KvbwU wKfve, Kx w`q, KLb KiZ ne-G meB cwiKbvq _vK|Z_ msMn Abymvbg~jK KvRi GKwU iZc~Y i| cvBgvwi ev mKvwi Drm nZ Z_ msMn KiZ ne| PZy_chvq Z_ weklY I djvdj cYqb KiZ ne| mekl wkv_x m~Y Abymvbg~jK KvRi Dci GKwU cwZe`bcYqb Kie|

13. wkLb- kLvbv Kvhg mK KqKwU K_vwkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkj AbK aibi| Gi KqKwU wkKKw `K Ges KqKwU wkv_xKw `K| wkLb-kLvbvcwqvq wkv_xi mwq AskMnY wkvjvf mnvqK| me cwZiB Kgewk myweav I Amyweav AvQ| Ggb Kvbv cwZev Kkj bB hwU mKj wkv_xi Rb mgfve DchvMx ev me aibi welqe i Rb DchvMx| wkKi wewfb cwZI Kkji Dci `Zv Ges kwY I cvV DchvMx cwZ I Kkji h_vh_ cqvMi Dci wbfi Ki wkv_xi wkLbmvdj| Ggb Kvbv evaevaKZv bB h GKwU cvV cwiPvjbvq wkKK GKwU cwZi Dci wbfi KiZ ne| cvVKdjcm~ Kivi Rb wkK cwiw wZ Abymvi GKvwaK cwZ I Kkji mswgkY wbRi gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZcvib| cvVi mvdj wbfi Ki wkKi wePYZv, welqvb I wkLb cwZi h_vh_ cqvMi Dci| GRb ejv nq wkKBmevrK cwZ| wkv_xKw`K wkLb-kLvbv cwZ ewea| GLvb gv KqKwU wkv_xKw`K cwZ mscDc vcb Kiv njv| Ze wkKi AwaK msLK cwZ I Kkji Dci `Zv _vKv cqvRb| Zvnj wZwb h hcwZ DchvMx Zv cqvM KiZ cvib| cqvRb GKvwaK cwZi mswgkY wbRi gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZcvib| cvV cwiPvjbvi mgq wkK hw` eySZ cvib h cqvMKZ cwZ wkv_xì wkLb djcm~ nQ bv ZLb wZwbcwZ cwieZb KiZ cvib| ZvB wkKì e cwZi Dci `Zv _vKv AvekK|

14. wkv_xi g~jvqbmvaviY A_ wkv_xi g~jvqb njv wkv Kvhg _K wkv_xi ARbi gvv wbYq Kiv| A_vr wkvg DjwLZ c~ewbavwiZ wkLbdj wkv_x KZUv ARb KiQ Zv wbicYB wkv_xi g~jvqb| hwÌ g~jvqb K_vwUi we wZ AbK evcK|Avgiv wewfb mgq bvbvfve wkv_xi g~jvqb Ki _vwK| g~jvqbi mgq I aib weePbvq wkv_xi g~jvqb cavbZ y`Bavivi: (K) MVbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~jvqb Ges (L) mvgwK g~jvqb| Avgiv cvV PjvKvjxb ev wbw` cvVvsk _Kwkv_xi ARb g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G g~jvqb avivevwnK ev MVbKvjxb g~jvqb| Avevi Avgiv wbw` mgq kl evKvhg kl mvgwqK cixv, evwlK cixv, GmGmwm cixv BZvw` cixvi gvag g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G aibig~jvqb nj mvgwK g~jvqb| avivevwnK I mvgwK Dfq avivi g~jvqbiB cqvRb AvQ| Ze avivevwnK g~jvqbiiZ AbK ewk| KviY- avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi wkLb yèjZv wPwZ Ki ZvrwYK wbivgqg~jK ee v bIqv hvq| wkv_xi nvZ-Kjg eenvwiK KvR Kivi cwqv cheYi gvag g~j vqb Ki wb `kbv Ìqv hvq| wkv_xi wekl wKQz `Zv, hgb- kvbv, ejv, cov BZvw` Kg mgq, Kg LiP I mnR cwigvc Ki avc avc

wb `kbv Ìqv I wbivgqg~jK ee v bIqv hvq| mvgwK g~jvqbi gvag AbK Gme ewki g~jvqb Kiv menq bv|


wkv_xi AveMxq w`Kmg~n wekl Ki ewK I mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges g~jeva cZ cheYi gvagg~jvqb Ki wb `kbv Ìqv hvq|

G g~jvqbi gvag wkK Zuvi eeZ wkLb kLvbv cwZ I Kkji h_v_Zv I KvhKvwiZv wbaviY Ki ev`yejZv wPwZ Ki cqvRbxq cwieZb AvbZ cvib|

15. avivevwnK g~jvqbavivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi yèjZv wPwZ Ki wb `kbv Ìqv hvq Ges cqvRb wbivgqg~jK ee v MnYKiv hvq|

15.1 kwYi KvRwkLb-kLvbv Kvhg PjvKvjxb wkv_x KZK mvw`Z hveZxq KvR kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ| welqf`kwYi KvRi aib ZviZg _vKZ cvi| AwaKvsk B cki Di ejv ev jLv, AuvKv (wP/Qwe, mviwY,gvbwP, jLwP), AvjvPbv I weZK AskMnY, Pwi-Awfbq, eenvwiK KvR-G aibi me wKQzB kwYi KvR|evsjv I BsiwR welq kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv BZvw` kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ ne|

15.2 evwoi KvRwkv_x evwoZ wkvgwfwK h KvRjv mb Ki ZvB evwoi KvR | evwoi KvR wkv_x GKKfve mbKie GUvB cZvwkZ| wkK wbwZ neb h, wkv_x GKvB KvRwU mb KiQ| evwoi KvRi gvag wkv_xiwPb `Zv Ges ewK AvPiY I g~jeva g~jvqb Kiv ne| evwoi KvR g~jvqb Ki wkK wkv_xìKcqvRbxq wkLb mnvqZv wèb| wkvgi wkLbdji Pvwn`vi Dci wfw Ki wkK evwoi KvR wèb| j ivLZ ne evwoi KvR hb wkv_xK gyL Kivq DrmvwnZ bv Ki| evwoi KvR Ggb nZ ne hb

wkv_xi wPb `Zv weKvk Ges mRbkxjZv cKvki myhvM _vK| kwYK AwRZ aviYvmg~n wPv I KvR cqvM Kivi myhvM hb evwoi KvR _vK| evwoi KvR hb

wkv_xK mRbkxj cki c wZZ mvnvh Ki mw`K iZ w`Z ne| wkvg gvwU wkLb kLvbvKvhg Kjvg c` evwoi KvR bgybv wnmve AbymiY Kiv hZ cvi|

cwZwU welqi evwoi KvRjv Ggb ne hv wkv_x 30-35 wgwbUi ga mv`b KiZ cvi| wkK cwZmvgwqK kwYZ cqvRbxq msLK evwoi KvR wèb|

15.3 kwY AfxvcwZwU Aavq kl kwY Afxv bIqv ne| kwY Afxv wjwLZ ev eenvwiK ne| cwZwU kwY Afxv ^ mgqbIqv ne| welqi Rb wbavwiZ Kvm wcwiqW bIqv ne| wbavwiZ GK Kvm wcwiqWi AwZwi mgq bIqv hvebv| kwY Afxvi w`b kwYi Abvb wcwiqWi ^vfvweK KvRKg h_vixwZ Pje|

16 mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixvRvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi wb`kbv Abymvi cwZ wkvel `ywU mvgwqK fvM Kiv ne| mvgwqK Ges cvewjKcixvi ckc cYqb Ges Dic g~jvqb mRbkxj ckcwZi wb `kbv Abymvi ne| wkvg c` Aavqmg~nK `ywU mvgwqKi Rb eb KiZ ne| we`vjqi Kvhwèmi cwigvYi Dci wfw Ki Aavqmg~nKmvgwqK eb KiZ ne| c_g mvgwqK g~jvqbKZ Aavqmg~nK wZxq mvgwqK g~jvqbi Rb eenvi Kiv hvebv| mvgwqK kl Abyq cixv wkvg welq Ges ci Rb eivKZ c~Y bî ne| wkvg iciLviwelqKvVvgvq welqi c~Ybi^ Ìqv AvQ|mRbkxj ckcwZi ckc y`&B aibi ck _vKe| GKwU nQ ewbevPwb ck Ges AciwU nQ mRbkxj ck|ewbevPwb ckc wZb aibi ewbevPwb ck _vKe| Gjv nQ mvaviY ewbevPwb ck, ec`x mgvwm~PKewbevPwb ck Ges Awfb Z_wfwK ewbevPwb ck| ewbevPwb ckc wPb `Zvi Pvi ii ckAvbycvwZKnvi _vKe| mKj AavqK cixvi AvIZvfz KiZ ne| ckc cYqbi c~e wb `kK QK ZwiKiZ ne| cwZwU mRbkxj ck GKwU DxcK _vKe Ges DxcKi mv_ 4wU ck _vKe| ck 4wU w`q wPb`Zvi PviwU i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM Ges DPZi `Zv) hvPvB Kiv ne| Ze wnmvewevb MwYZ I DPZiMwYZ welqi wnmve mRbkxj ckc ay wPb `Zvi cqvM vii 3wU ck _vKe| 1wU mnR gvbi, 1wUgagvbi I GKwU Acv KwVb gvbi ck bi^ c` vb wb`wkKv AbymiY Ki Dic g~jvqb KiZ ne|


wkvg Dbqb mswk KwgwU1. RvZxq wkvg mgq^ KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. W. Kvgvj Ave y`j bvmi Payix

mwPe, wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv|mfvcwZ

2. DcvPvh, RvZxq wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi| m`m3. W. KvRx LjxKzvgvb Avng`

Pqvigvb, evsjv`k Dbqb cwil` I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k A_bxwZ mwgwZ|m`m

4. hyM-mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m5. gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, XvKv| m`m6. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv ee vcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv| m`m7. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv Awaì, AvMviMuvI, XvKv| m`m8. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| m`m9. cdmi gvt gv dv KvgvjDwb

Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|m`m

10. Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv| m`m11. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkvevW, XvKv| m`m12. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv &ìvmv wkvevW, XvKv| m`m13. m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv| m`m14. cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevj

wefvMxq cavb, KwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvM, kvnRvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU|m`m

15. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvbcvb AavcK I cwiPvjK, wkv I MelYv BbwwUDUXvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

16. AavcK W. gvt AvLZvivgvbBmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

17. AavcK kvnxb gvn&eyev KexiBsiwR wefvM RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|

m`m

18. m`m (cv_wgK wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv| m`m19. m`m (cvVcy K), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv| m`m20. cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, wkv feb, XvKv| m`m21. Dc mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m

2. cdkbvj KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. cdmi gvt gv dv KvgvjDwb

Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|mfvcwZ

2. gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DP wkv Awaì, XvKv| m`m3. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv eevcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv| m`m4. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq,XvKv| m`m5. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKvWgx, XvKv| m`m6. gnvcwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvDkb evsjv`k, XvKv| m`m7. Rbve gbRyij Avnmvb eyjeyj

cavb mv`K, ekvLx Uwjwfwkb wjwgUW, XvKv|m`m

8. cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DP wkv Awaì, wkv feb, XvKv| m`m9. Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k Avt evW mg^q mve KwgwU| m`m10. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv &ìvmv wkv evW, XvKv| m`m11. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv evW, XvKv| m`m12. AavcK Avyjvn Avey mvqx`

cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K `, XvKv|m`m


13. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvbcivgkK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, XvKv|

m`m

14. AavcK Kwdj Dxb Avng`civgkK, cv_wgK wkvg DBs, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

15. cdmi gynv` Avjxcvb m`m, wkvg, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|(evmv-mK-gwfm 8g Zjv (cwg), 6/9, eK-wm, jvjgvwUqv, XvKv-1207|

m`m

16. Wxb, PviyKjv Abyl`, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| m`m17. cdmi mvjgv AvLZvi

AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|m`m

18. Aa, wkK cwkY KjR, XvKv| m`m19. m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv| m`m20. cavb wkK, MebgU jveiUwi nvB zj, avbgw, XvKv| m`m21. Rbve gvkZvK Avng` f~uBqv

weZiY wbqK, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|m`m-mwPe

3. UKwbKvj KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. cdmi gvt Ave y`yj Revi

cvb cwiPvjK, bvqg, XvKv|(evwo bs-7, moK bs-11, mi bs-4, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230)

AvnevqK

2. AavcK W. Avey nvwg` jwZdmycvi wbDgvwi AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

3. cdmi Ave y`m myenvbcvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awaì(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv|)

m`m

4. AavcK W. Mvjvg imyj wgqvcvb Aa, wUPvm Uwbs KjR, XvKv|(evmv bs-47, ivW bs-02, mi-09, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230|)

m`m

5. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvbcivgkKGmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awaì, wkv feb, XvKv|

m`m

6. cdmi W. gvt bvRgyj Kwig Payixee vcbv wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

7. W. Avyj gvjKAavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

m`m

8. Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmbwkvg weklGmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

9. Rbve kvnxbviv eMgwekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

10. Rbve gvt gvLjm Di ingvbwekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

11. Rbve gvt dinv y`j BmjvgEaZb wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m-mwPe


4. fwUs KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. evsjv 1. AavcK Ave y`jvn Avey mvqx`

cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K `, XvKv|2. cdmi b~iRvnvb eMg

Aa, miKvwi wevb KjR, XvKv|2. BsiwR 1. cdmi Ave y`m myenvb

cvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awa`i, XvKv|(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv)

2. cdmi gvt kvgmyj nKcvb Wxb, evsjv`k Dby wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi (evmv bs-25, GvcvUgU-we-5, ivW bs68G, jkvb-2, XvKv-1212)

3. MwYZ 1. cdmi W. gvt Avyj gwZbMwYZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

2. cdmi W. gvt Avym Qvgv`MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

4. wevb 1. cdmi W. gvt AvwRRyi ingvbc`v_wevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

2. Rbve gvnv` b~i Avjg wmwKxmnhvMx AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

5. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 1. cdmi W. nvib Di iwk`ivwevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

2. W. mq` nvwdRyi ingvbmnhvMx AavcK, cwiek wevb wefvMRvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|

6. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 1. cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevjKwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvMkvn&Rvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU|

2. Rbve gvt mwdDj Avjg LvbmnKvix AavcK, Z_ chyw BwUwUDU, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

7. cwiek cwiwPwZ 1. cdmi W. G Gm Gg gvKmy` Kvgvjf~Z wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|

2. cdmi W. gvt LexiDxbcwiek wevb wefvM, RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|


5. wkvg Dbqb KwgwUg bvg I c`ex KwgwUZ c`ex1 cdmi W. Gg G gvbvb

gvbRgvU vwWR wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|AvnevqK

2 cdmi mv`Kzi ingvb gRyg`viwefvMxq cavb, ee vcbv wefvM, BWb KjR, XvKv|

m`m

3 Rbve kL kvnevR wiqv`cfvlK, wUPvm Uwbs KjR, XvKv|

m`m

4 Rbve dinv`yj BmjvgEaZb wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

m`m

5 W. cvifR mvv` PaywiKvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc,GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

mg^qKvix

6. mvweK mgq^ KwgwUwg bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmb

KvwiKzjvg wekl I GmBGmwWwc dvKvj cqUKvwiKzjvg WfjcgU BDwbURvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|

mvweK mg^qKvix

2. Rbve gvkZvK Avng` fu~BqvweZiY wbqKRvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|

mvweK mg^qKvix

wkvgeemvq msMVb I eevcbv

GKv`k I v`k kwY

eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv-GKv`k I v`k kwY cv 24

eemvq msMVb I eevcbv(Business Organization and Management)

1. f~wgKveemvqK gvbe mfZvi weKvk I Dbqbi mZzeb wnme weePbv Kiv nq| eemvqi cmvii dj mì mevwaK eenvi wbwZKiY,Drcv`b, eb, cwienb I hvMvhvM ee vi DbwZi mv_ mv_ Zwi nqQ bMivqb, evcK Kgms vb I gvbyli Rxeb hvvi gvbi DbwZ|Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb eemvq iZ weePbv Ki gvawgK i eemvq wkvK GKwU iZc~Y kvLv wnme MnY Kiv nqQ| GiavivevwnKZvq eemvq wkv kvLvK wekl iZc~Y kvLv wnme MnY Kiv nqQ| eemvq wkv kvLvi iZc~Y welq wnme Af~ KivnqQ eemvq msMVb I ee vcbvK |eemv GKwU ev ewfwK I cvqvwMK | eemvq msMVb I eevcbv welqwU `ywU c wef| c_g c eemvq cwiwPwZ Ask Aaqbigvag wkv_xiv eemvqi cwiwa I cKvif`, eemvq cwiek, eemvqi AvBbMZ w`K, eemvq mnvqZv`vbKvix wewfb cwZvbi Kvhvewj,eemvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi eenvi I Abvb cqvRbxq w`K mK vb I `Zv jvf KiZ cvie| wZxq c ee vcbv Aaqbigvag ee vcbvi wewfb w`K hgb- eemvq ee vcbv bxwZ, cwiKbv, clYv I wbqY, bZZ I Kgms vb Ges wmv MnY mK aviYvI `Zv jvf KiZ cvie| Gme welqe i cvkvcvwk eemvwqK KviY cwiek ~`lYwelqK mPZbZv Ges eemvwqK bwZKZv I mvgvwRK`vqeZvi w`KwUI wkvgi Af~ Kiv nqQ| eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv Aaqb Avgvì `ki GKv`k I v`k kwYi wkv_xìKwewfb cKvi eemvq msMVb I eemvq ee vcbvi wewfb w`Ki ZvwK Ges cvqvwMK vb I `Zv ARb mnvqZvi cvkvcvwk Zvì gaeemvqxmyjf gbvfve I Yi weKvk Ae`vb ivLe| Avkv Kiv hvq h, eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv _K AwRZ vb, `Zv I BwZevPK`wfw wkv_xì eemvq I eevcbv welqK DP wkv ARb AbyyciYv hvMve Ges GK kwYi wkv_xK eemvq D`vM MnY DxwcZKie|2. Dk

1. eemvq I ee vcbvi wewfb ZvwK I cvqvwMK w`K mK vb jvf Kiv|2. gvwjKvbvi wfwZ eemvqi cKvif` I Gjvi MVb, wbeb I wejvcmvab mK vb jvf Kiv|3. evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb eemvqi Ae`vb, mvebv I mgmv Ges eemvwqK cwiek mK AeMZ nIqv|4. evsjv`k eemvq mnvqZv`vbKvix cwZvbmg~ni f~wgKv mK Rvbv |5. eemvq msv wewfb AvBb mK AeMZ nIqv|6. mvwZKKvji weKvkgvb wewfb eemvq mK vb jvf Kiv|7. eemvq D`vM mK vb jvf Ki AvZKgms vbi hvMZv ARb Kiv|8. eemvqi bwZKZv I mvgvwRK `vqeZv mK mPZb nIqv|9. D`vvi Yvewj Rvbv Ges D`vvì mdjZvi Kvwnbx Rb D`vM MnY AbycvwYZ nIqv|10. ee vcbvi bxwZ I Kvhvewj mK vb I `Zv ARb Kiv|11. bZZi Yvewj I wmv MnYi hvMZv ARb Kiv|12. ee vcbvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi wewfb eenvi mK `Zv ARb Kiv|


c_g c t eemvq cwiwPwZ (Introduction to Business)

3. Aavq webvmAavq Aavqi bvg wcwiqW msLv Aavq Aavqi bvg wcwiqW msLv

c_g Aavq eemvqi gwjK aviYv 15 mg Aavq ivxq eemvq 12wZxq Aavq eemvq cwiek 10 Ag Aavq eemvqi AvBbMZ w`K 16ZZxq Aavq GKgvwjKvbv eemvq 6 beg Aavq eemvq mnvqK mev 10PZz_ Aavq Askx`vwi eemvq 10 `kg Aavq eemvq D`vM 15cg Aavq h_g~jabx eemvq 10 GKv`k

Aavqeemvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywieenvi

12

l Aavq mgevq mwgwZ 12 v`kAavq

eemvq bwZKZv I mvgvwRK`vqeZv

12


gvb eb

GKv`k I v`k kwYZ eemvq msMVb I eevcbv welq mRbkxj cwZZ cixv Abyvbi gvb eb wbic|c_g c : eemvq msMVb c~Ygvb 100wZxq c : eevcbv c~Ygvb 100cwZ cewbevPbx ck :

40wU cki Di w`Z ne 140 = 40 b^imRbkxj ck

9wU ck _vKe| h Kvb 6wU cki Di w`Z ne| 106 = 60 b^i


4. wkvg QKeemvq msMVb I eevcbv- 1g c

(eemvq cwiwPwZ)


c_g Aavq : eemvqi gwjK aviYv (wcwiqW msLv-15)wkLb dj welqe

1. eemvqi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie

2. wki ewk I cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie3. evwYRi ewk I cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie4. cZ mevi ewk I cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie5. wk, evwYR I cZ mevi ga cv_K wbYq KiZ cvie6. evsjv`ki eemvqi AvIZv wnme wk, evwYR I cZ mevi mgmv I

mvebv weklY KiZ cvie7. mvgvwRK eemvq aviYv evLv KiZ cvie8. eemvqi Kvhvewj evLv KiZ cvie9. eemvqi iZ weklY KiZ cvie10. A_bwZK Dbqb eemvqi Ae`vb weklY KiZ cvie11. RxweKv ARbi Dcvq wnme eemvq weklY KiZ cvie

eemvqi aviYv eemvqi AvIZv wki ewk I cKvif` evwYRi ewk I cKvif` cZ mevi ewk I cKvif`

evsjv`ki eemvqi AvIZv wnme wk, evwYRI cZ mevi mgmv I mvebv

mvgvwRK eemvq aviYv eemvqi Kvhvewj eemvqi iZ A_bwZK Dbqb eemvqi Ae`vb RxweKv ARbi Dcvq wnme eemvq

wZxq Aavq: eemvq cwiek (wcwiqW msLv-10)wkLb dj welqe

1. eemvq cwieki aviYv evLv KiZ cvie

2. eemvq cwieki wewfb Dcv`vb evLv KiZ cvie

3. eemvqi Dci cwieki Dcv`vbjvi cfve weklY KiZ cvie4. eemvq cwieki Dcv`vbjvi ga Kvbjv evsjv`k AbyK~j ev cwZK~j Zv

wPwZ KiZ cvie5. evsjv`k eemvqi cwiek Dbqbi c_ mgmvjv mbv KiZ cvie6. evsjv`k eemvqi cwiek Dbqbi c_ we`gvb mgmvjv y`i Kivi Dcvq

wPwZ KiZ cvie

eemvq cwieki aviYv eemvq cwieki Dcv`vb

cvKwZK cwiekA_bwZK cwiekmvgvwRK cwiekmvswZK cwiek ivRbwZK cwiekagxq cwiekAvBbMZ cwiekchywMZ cwiek

eemvqi Dci cwieki Dcv`vbjvi cfve evsjv`k eemvqi cwiek evsjv`k eemvqi cwiek Dbqbi mgmv evsjv`k eemvqi cwiek Dbqbi mgmv

mgvavbi Dcvq

ZZxq Aavq : GKgvwjKvbv eemvq (wcwiqW msLv- 6 )wkLb dj welqe

1. gvwjKvbvi wfwZ eemvqi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. GKgvwjKvbv eemvqi ewk eYbv KiZ cvie3. GKgvwjKvbv eemvqi iZ weklY KiZ cvie4. GKgvwjKvbv eemvqi Dchy jv wPwZ KiZ cvie5. en`vqZb eemvqi cvkvcvwk GKgvwjKvbv eemvq wUK _vKvi KviYjv weklY

KiZ cvie

gvwjKvbvi wfwZ eemvqi aviYv GKgvwjKvbv eemvq t

ewk iZ Dchy en`vqZb eemvqi cvkvcvwk wUK _vKvi

KviY


PZz_ Aavq : Askx`vix eemvq (wcwiqW msLv- 10 )wkLb dj welqe

1. Askx`vwi eemvqi ewk evLv KiZ cvie2. Askx`vwi eemvqi MVb cYvjx eYbv KiZ cvie3. Askx`vwi eemvqi myweav I mxgveZv evLv KiZ cvie4. Askx`vwi eemvqi cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie

5. Askx`vwi eemvqi Pzwci bgybv I welqe eYbv KiZ cvie6. Askx`vwi eemvqi wbeb cwZ Ges wbeb bv Kivi cwiYvg evLv KiZ cvie7. Askx`viì aib evLv KiZ cvie8. Askx`viì hvMZvjv eYbv KiZ cvie9. Askx`vwi eemvqi wejvcmvab cwqv eYbv KiZ cvie10. evsjv`k Askx`vwi eemvqi eZgvb Ae v weklY KiZ cvie

Askx`vwi eemvq t ewk, MVb cYvjx, myweav I mxgveZv, cKvif` Pzwc: bgybv I welqe wbeb cwZ I wbeb bv Kivi cwiYvg Askx`viì aib Askx`viì hvMZv wejvcmvab cwqv

evsjv`k Askx`vwi eemvqi eZgvb Ae vb

cg Aavq : h_g~jabx eemvq (wcwiqW msLv-10)wkLb dj welqe

1. Kvvwb msMVbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. Kvvwb msMVbi ewkjv eYbv KiZ cvie3. Kvvwb msMVbi iZ weklY KiZ cvie4. Kvvwb msMVbi cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie5. cvewjK I cvBfU wjt Kvvbxi cv_K mbv KiZ cvie6. Kvvwb msMVbi myweav I mxgveZv eYbv KiZ cvie

7. Kvvwb msMVbi MVb cwqv eYbv KiZ cvie8. cwigjei aviYv, welqe I bgybv eYbv KiZ cvie9. cwigjei iZ evLv KiZ cvie10. cwigj wbqgvewji aviYv I welqe evLv KiZ cvie11. cwigje I cwigj wbqgvewji cv_K eYbv KiZ cvie12. weeiYci welqe jv DjL KiZ cvie

13. Kvvwb wbebci bgybv eYbv KiZ cvie14. Kvhvii AbygwZci iZ evLv KiZ cvie15. Kvvwbi g~jab msMni Drmjv DjL KiZ cvie16. kqvi Gi aviYv Ges cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie17. FYc Gi aviYv Ges cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie18. kqvi I FYci cv_K mbv KiZ cvie19. Kvvwb msMVbi wejvc mvab cwZ evLv KiZ cvie20. evsjv`k Kvvwb msMVbi eZgvb Ae v evLv KiZ cvie21. evsjv`k Kvvwb msMVbi fwelZ mvebvi w`Kjv weklY KiZ cvie22. mvwZKKvji weKvkgvb eemvqjvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie

h_g~jabx eemvqi aviYv Kvvwb msMVb t

aviYv ewk iZ kwYwefvM myweav I mxgveZv

Kvvwb msMVbi MVb cYvjx viKwjwc/cwigje: aviYv, welqe ,

iZ I bgybv viKwjwci cwieZb msNwewa/cwigj wbqgvewj: aviYv I

welqe weeiYc: aviYv I welqe , weeiYci weK weewZ

Kvvwb wbebc: aviYv I bgybv Kvhvii AbygwZc Kvvwbi g~jab

msMni Drm kqvi I Gi cKvif` FYc I Gi cKvif`

Kvvwb msMVbi wejvc mvab evsjv`k Kvvwb msMVbi eZgvb Ae v I

fwelZ mvebv mvwZKKvji eemvq: (evwqs nvDR,

gvPUWvBwRs, K GP, z` FY, weKvk,AvDUmvwms eemvq, WvUv GwU eemvq, KjmUvi, Kzwiqvi mvwfm, gvwbMvg, md&UIqvi Dbqb,gvevBj mvwfwms, KwDUvi I dUvKwc mvwfm)


l Aavq : mgevq mwgwZ (wcwiqW msLv-12)wkLb dj welqe

1. mgevq mwgwZi aviYv I BwZnvm eYbv KiZ cvie2. mgevq mwgwZi ewk evLv KiZ cvie3. mgevq mwgwZi bxwZgvjvjv evLv KiZ cvie4. mgevq mwgwZi MVb cYvjx evLv KiZ cvie5. mgevq mwgwZi cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie6. evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb mgevq mwgwZi Ae`vb g~jvqb KiZ cvie7. mgevqi Dbqb evW I mgevq GKvWwgi Kvhg I Ae`vb weklY KiZ cvie

8. evsjv`k mgevq weKvk weivRgvb mgmvjv wPwZ KiZ cvie9. evsjv`ki mgevq Av`vjbi mgmv ~`ixKiYi Dcvqjv weklY KiZ cvie10.mgevqi gvag mdj nevi Kvwnbx co AbycvwYZ ne|

mgevq mwgwZi aviYv I BwZnvm ewk bxwZgvjv MVb cYvjx cKvif`

evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb mgevq mwgwZiAe`vb

mgevq mwgwZi Dbqb evsjv`k cjx Dbqb evW( evW) I mgevq GKvWwgi Ae`vb

evsjv`k mgevq weKvk mgmv evsjv`ki mgevqi mgmv ~`ixKiYi Dcvq mgevqi gvag mdj nevi Kvwnbx

mg Aavq : ivxq eemvq (wcwiqW msLv-12)wkLb dj welqe

1. ivxq eemvqi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. ivxq eemvqi ewkjv evLv KiZ cvie3. ivxq eemvqi Dkjv weklY KiZ cvie4. ivxq eemvqi myweav I Amyweav evLv KiZ cvie5. evsjv`ki ivxq eemvqjvi msw cwiwPwZ eYbv KiZ cvie|

6. evsjv`k ivxq eemvqi hwKZv weklY KiZ cvie7. evsjv`ki Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb ivxq eemvqi Ae`vb weklY KiZ cvie

8. miKvwi emiKvwi Askx`vixZwfwK eemvq cwiPvjbvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie

ivxq eemvq Gi aviYv ewk Dk myweav I Amyweav

evsjv`ki ivxq eemvqi cwiwPwZ: Iqvmv,WvKwefvM, evsjv`k ijIq, evsjv`k ivmvqwbKwkms v, evsjv`k moK cwienb ms v, evsjv`kchUb Kcvikb, wewUwUwe, evsjv`k wPwb I Lv`wk ms v,

evsjv`k ivxq eemvqi hwKZv evsjv`ki ivxq eemvqi Ae vb I Av_-mvgvwRK

Dbqb Ae`vb miKvwi emiKvwi Askx`vixZwfwK eemvq (PPP

Business)

Ag Aavq : eemvqi AvBbMZ w`K (wcwiqW msLv-16)wkLb dj welqe

1. eemvqi wewfb AvBbMZ w`K evLv KiZ cvie2. cUU I UW gvK AvBbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie3. cUU I UW gvK Gi myweav weklY KiZ cvie4. cUU I UW gvK iwRw Kivi cwZ evLv KiZ cvie5. KwcivBU AvBbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie6. KwcivBU wbeb Kivi cwZ evLv KiZ cvie7. KwcivBU f Kivi cwiYwZ weklY KiZ cvie

8. wegvi aviYv I iZ evLv KiZ cvie9. eemvq cwZvb wegv Kivi cwqv weklY KiZ cvie

10. eemvq I cwiek AvBbi mK evLv KiZ cvie11. eemvq cwZvb KZK cwiek ~`lYi KviY I djvdj weklY KiZ cvie12. eemvq cwZvb KZK cwiek ~`lYiva KiYxq wPwZ KiZ cvie13. AvB Gm I (ISO) aviYv I iZ evLv KiZ cvie14. we Gm wU AvB aviYv I Kvhvewj evLv KiZ cvie

eemvqi wewfb AvBbMZ w`K cUU AvBb: aviYv myweav iwRw Kivi cwZ

UW gvK AvBb: aviYv I myweav KwcivBU AvBbi aviYv ewk wbeb f Kivi cwiYwZ wegvi aviYv, eemvq wegvi cqvRbxqZv wegv Kivi cwqv cwiek AvBb I eemvq eemvq cwZvb KZK cwiek ~`lY (k ~`lY,

evqy `~lY, cvwb ~`lY, gvwU `~lY) AvB Gm I (ISO) aviYv I iZ we Gm wU AvB aviYv I Kvhvewj


beg Aavq : eemvq mnvqK mev (wcwiqW msLv-10)wkLb dj welqe

1. mnvqK mevi aviYv I cKvif` evLv KiZ cvie

2. evsjv`k z` I KzwUi wk ms v _K cv mnvqZv evLv KiZ cvie

3. evwYwRK evsKjv _K cv mnvqZv evLv KiZ cvie4. GmGgB dvDkb (SME) _K cv mnvqZv evLv KiZ cvie5. emiKvwi msv _K cv mnvqZv evLv KiZ cvie6. wk I ewYK mwgwZ Ges wewRGgBG _K cv mnvqZv evLv KiZ cvie

7. ivwb Dbqb eyiv _K cv mnvqZv evLv KiZ cvie8. eemvq mnvqZv`vbKvwi AvwjK I AvRvwZK ms vjvi f~wgKv I Kvhg

weklY KiZ cvie

mnvqK mevi aviYv I cKvif` mnvqK mevi Drm evsjv`k z` I KzwUi wk msv _K cv

mnvqZv evwYwRK evsKjv _K cv mnvqZv GmGgB dvDkb (SME) _K cv mnvqZv emiKvwi msv _K cv mnvqZv wk I ewYK mwgwZ Ges wewRGgBG _K cv

mnvqZv ivwb Dbqb eyiv _K cv mnvqZv

eemvq mnvqZv`vbKvwi AvwjK I AvRvwZKms vjvi cwiwPwZ, f~wgKv I Kvhg (mvcUv,Avwkqvb, wegmUK, wek evwYR ms v, BDivcxqBDwbqb)

`kg Aavq : eemvq D`vM (wcwiqW msLv-15)wkLb dj welqe

1. D`vMi aviYv I gweKvk evLv KiZ cvie2. eemvq D`vMi ewk I Kvhvewj evLv KiZ cvie3. mdj D`vvi Yvewj eYbv KiZ cvie4. AvZweklYi gvag D`vvi Yvewj mbv KiZ cvie

5. eemvq D`vM Mo DVvi AbyK~j cwiek weklY KiZ cvie6. AvZKgms vb I D`vMi mK evLv KiZ cvie7. Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb eemvq D`vMi Ae`vb weklY KiZ cvie8. evsjv`k eemvq D`vM Dbqb mgmv Ges Zv ~ìxKiYi Dcvq evLv KiZ

cvie9. evsjv`ki mdj D`vvì Rxebx cvVi gvag D`vM MnY AbycvwYZ ne

10. evsjv`k bvix D`vvì miKvi c` m~hvM-myweav eYbv KiZ cvie11. evsjv`k bvix D`vvì Dbqb wKQz mycvwik KiZ cvie

D`vMi aviYv I gweKvk eemvq D`vMi ewk I Kvhvewj mdj D`vvi Yvewj AvZweklYi gvag D`vvi Yvewj mbvKiY eemvq D`vM Mo DVvi AbyK~j cwiek AvZKgms vb I D`vMi mK Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb eemvq D`vMi Ae`vb evsjv`k eemvq D`vM Dbqb mgmv Ges Zv

`~ixKiYi Dcvq evsjv`ki mdj D`vvì msw cwiwPwZ

RvZxq chvqi mdj D`vv (iY`v cmv`mvnv, W. nvmb Aviv eMg-wUGgGmGm,AvwjK chvqi mdj AvZKgmsvbKvix Imdj D`vv Kvwnbx (Kwl, grm, WBwi, bvmvwi,KzwUi wk,)

evsjv`ki eemvq bvix D`vv aviYv mdjZvi Kvwnbx miKvi c` m~hvM-myweav


GKv`k Aavq: eemvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi eenvi (wcwiqW msLv-12)wkLb dj welqe

1. eemvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi aviYv I cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie2. eemvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi eenvi evLv KiZ cvie

3. AbjvBb eemvq aviYv, iZ I cwZ evLv KiZ cvie4. B Kgvm Gi aviYv I cwZ evLv KiZ cvie5. B weRbm aviYv I cwZ evLv KiZ cvie6. B gvKwUs aviYv, iZ I cwZ evLv KiZ cvie7. B wiUBwjs aviYv, cwZ I myweav evLv KiZ cvie8. B evswKs aviYv, cwZ I myweav evLv KiZ cvie9. WweU I wWU KvW aviYv I cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie10. gvevBj eswKs aviYv I Gi iZ evLv KiZ cvie

eemvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi aviYv eemvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi cqvRbxqZv eemvq Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi eenvi AbjvBb eemvq B Kgvm B weRbm B gvKwUs B wiUBwjs B evswKs WweU I wWU KvW gvevBj eswKs

v`k Aavq :eemvq bwZKZv I mvgvwRK `vqeZv (wcwiqW msLv-12)wkLb dj welqe

1. eemvwqK g~~jeva I bwZKZvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. eemvwqK g~~jeva I bwZKZvi cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie3. eemvqi mvgvwRK `vqeZvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie4. eemvqi mvgvwRK `vqeZvi iZ weklY KiZ cviye5. mvgvwRK `vqeZvi jv wPwZ KiZ cvie

6. eemvwqK KviY cwiek y`lYi cfve weklY KiZ cvie7. cwiek msiY ewYK mwgwZ/eemvq msMVbmgyni `vwqZ weklY KiZ cvie

8. mvgvwRK `vqeZvi Ask wnme wewfb eemvq cwZvbi MwnZ Kvhg weklYKiZ cvie

9. Lv` msiY h mKj ivmvqwbK eenvi nq mjvi wZKi w`K mbv KiZcvie

10. ivmvqwbKi eenvii gvag Drcvw`Z Lv`i wZKi w`Kjv eYbv KiZcvie

11. wZKviK cwjw_b Drcv`b I eenvii wZKi w`Kjv mbv KiZ cvie12. Lv` Drcv`b I msiY ivmvqwbKi eenvi mZKZv I KiYxq w`Kjv wPwZ

KiZ cvie

eemvwqK g~~jeva I bwZKZvi aviYv eemvwqK g~~jeva I bwZKZvi cqvRbxqZv eemvqi mvgvwRK `vqeZvi aviYv eemvqi mvgvwRK `vqeZvi iZ eemvqi mvgvwRK `vwqZ

cwiek msiY I eemvq eemvwqK KviY cwiek y`lYi cfve cwiek msiY ewYK mwgwZ/eemvq

msMVbmgyni `vwqZ mvgvwRK `vqeZvi Ask wnme wewfb eemvq

cwZvbi MwnZ Kvhg eemvwqK bwZKZv mwKZ mvwZK welqvejxLv` msiY wewfb ivmvqwbK eenvii KzdjLv` Drcv`b ewZ ivmvqwbK eenvii KzdjwZKviK cwjw_b Drcv`b I eenvii KzdjLv` Drcv`b I msiY ivmvqwbKi eenvimZKZv I KiYxq


1. wkvg QKeemvq msMVb I eevcbv- 2q c

eevcbv


eemvq msMVb I eevcbvwZxq c t eevcbv (Management)

1. Aavq webvmAavqi wgK bs Aavqi bvg wcwiqW msLv Aavq Aavqi bvg wcwiqW

msLvc_g Aavq eevcbvi aviYv 15 l Aavq bZZ 18

wZxq Aavq eevcbv bxwZ 15 mg Aavq clYv 15

ZZxq Aavq cwiKbv cYqb Iwmv MnY

20 Ag Aavq hvMvhvM 15

PZz_ Aavq msMwVZKiY 12 beg Aavq mg^qmvab 10

cg Aavq Kgxmsvb 10 `kg Aavq wbqY 10

c_g Aavq: eevcbvi aviYvwkLb dj welqe

1. eevcbvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. eevcbvi Drcw I gweKvk eYbv KiZ cvie3. eevcbvi iZ weklY KiZ cvie4. eevcbvi Kvhvewj evLv KiZ cvie5. eevcbvi AvIZv mbv KiZ cvie6. eevcbv P eYbv KiZ cvie7. eevcbvi wewfb i evLv KiZ cvie8. ckv wnme eevcbvi Aevb weklY KiZ cvie9. eevcbvi mveRbxbZv weklY KiZ cvie

eevcbvi aviYv eevcbvi Drcw I gweKvk eevcbvi iZ eevcbvi Kvhvewj eevcbvi AvIZv eevcbv P eevcbvi wewfb i eevcbv wK GKwU ckv? eevcbvi mveRbxbZv

wZxq Aavq: eevcbv bxwZwkLb dj welqe

1. eevcbvi bxwZi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. eevcbvi bxwZ ev Av`kmgyn eYbv KiZ cvie3. Gd WweI UBji I nbwi dqji Ae`vb evLv KiZ cvie4. Av`k eevcKi `Zv I Yvewj eYbv KiZ cvie5. Av`k eevcKi f~wgKv weklY KiZ cvie6. eevcbv I ckvmbi ga cv_K wbYq KiZ cvie7. msMVb, eevcbv I ckvmbi ga mK weklY KiZ cvie8. evsjv`k eevcbv weivRgvb mgmvjv wPwZ KiZ

cvie

eevcbv bxwZi aviYv eevcbvi bxwZ ev Av`kmgyn Gd WweI UBji I nbwi dqji Ae`vb Av`k eevcKi `Zv, Yvewj I f~wgKv eevcbv I ckvmb msMVb, eevcbv I ckvmb evsjv`k eevcbvi mgmv


ZZxq Aavq: cwiKbv cYqb I wmv MnbwkLb dj welqe

1. cwiKbvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. Av`k cwiKbvi ewk wPwZ KiZ cvie3. cwiKbvi jmgyn evLv KiZ cvie4. cwiKbv cYqbi avcmgyn weklY KiZ cvie5. cwiKbv cKvif` evLv KiZ cvie6. GKv_K I vqx cwiKbvi cv_K wPwZ KiZ cvie7. cwiKbvi iZ weklY KiZ cvie8. Dg cwiKbvi ewkjv evLv KiZ cvie9. Dk I cwiKbvi ga mK weklY KiZ cvie10. wmv MnYi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie11. wmv MnYi cqvRbxqZv weklY KiZ cvie12. wmv MnY cwqv evLv KiZ cvie13. wmv MnYi mnvqZvKvix Dcv`vbjv mbv KiZ cvie14. wmv MnYi weeP welqjv evLv KiZ cvie15. wmv MnY I evevqbi mgmvjv wPwZ KiZ cvie16. wmv MnY I evevqbi mgmv wPwZ KiZ cvie Ges

mgvavbK mycvwik KiZ cvie

cwiKbvi aviYv cwiKbvi ewk cwiKbvi j cwiKbv cYqbi avc cwiKbv cKvif` cwiKbvi iZ Dg cwiKbvi ewk Dk I cwiKbv wmv MnYi aviYv wmv MnYi cqvRbxqZv wmv MnY cwqv wmv MnYi mnvqZvKvix Dcv`vb wmv MnYi weeP welq wmv MnY I evevqbi mgmv I mgvavb

PZz_ Aavq: msMwVZKiYwkLb dj welqe

1. msMwVZKiY I msMVbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. Av`k msMVbi ewkjv evLv KiZ cvie3. msMwVZKiY I msMVbi iZ weklY KiZ cvie4. Dg msMVbi bxwZgvjvjv eYbv KiZ cvie5. msMVb KvVvgvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie6. wewfb cKvi msMVb KvVvgvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie7. mijiwLK, mijiwLK I c` , KvhwfwK, KwgwU I gwU

msMVbi aviYv, ewk Ges myweav I mxgveZv evLv KiZcvie|

8. msMVb KvVvgv cYqbi weeP welqjv evLv KiZ cvie

msMwVZKiY I msMVbi aviYv Av`k msMVbi ewk msMwVZKiY I msMVbi iZ msMVbi bxwZgvjv msMVb KvVvgvi aviYv msMVb KvVvgvi cKvif` msMVb KvVvgv cYqbi weeP welq

cg Aavq: KgxmsvbwkLb dj welqe

1. Kgxmsvb I gvbem`i aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. Kgxmsvb I gvbe m` eevcbv mK evLv KiZ cvie3. Kgx msMni Dcvqjv ejZ cvie4. Kgx wbevPbi cwZjv evLv KiZ cvie5. Kgx msMn I Kgx wbevPbi ga cv_K wbYq KiZ cvie6. Kgx wbqvMi Dcvq I cwkYi iZ eLv KiZ cvie

Kgxmsvb I gvbem`i aviYv Kgx msMn Kgx wbevPb cwZ Kgx wbqvM I cwkY


l Aavq: bZZwkLb dj welqe

1. bZZi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. bZZi iZ weklY KiZ cvie3. bZZi cKvif` evLv KiZ cvie4. wewfb bZZi ga Zzjbvg~jK weklY KiZ cvie5. Av`k bZvi Yvewj weklY KiZ cvie6. bZvi Kvhvewj mbv KiZ cvie7. bZZi weKvk weivRgvb mgmvjv wPwZ KiZ cvie8. bZZi weKvk weivRgvb mgmv `~ixKibi Dcvq wPwZ KiZ

cvie9. wb`kbvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie10. wb`kbvi iZ weklY KiZ cvie11. civgkg~jK wb `kbvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie12. civgkg~jK wb `kbvi iZ weklY KiZ cvie13. civgkg~jK wb `kbvi myweav I mxgveZv evLv KiZ cvie

bZZi aviYv bZZi iZ bZZi cKvif` Av`k bZvi Yvewj bZvi Kvhvewj bZZi weKvk mgmv I `~ixKibi Dcvq

wb`kbvi aviYv wb`kbvi ewkwb`kbvi iZ civgkg~jK wb `kbvi aviYv civgkg~jK wb `kbvi iZ civgkg~jK wb `kbvi myweav I mxgveZv

mg Aavq: clYvwkLb dj welqe

1. clYvi aviYv I ewk evLv KiZ cvie2. clYv P evLv KiZ cvie3. clYvi iZ weklY KiZ cvie4. Kgxì clYv`vbi Dcvqjv mbv KiZ cvie5. gvmjvi clYv ZwU evLv KiZ cvie6. nvRevMi clYv ZwU evLv KiZ cvie7. gvmjv I nvRevMi clYv Zi ga mK weklY KiZ

cvie8. evsjv`k cvcU Dchy clYv Z wPwZ KiZ cvie9. Kgxì clYv`vbi cwZeKZvjv wPwZ KiZ cvie10. Kgxì clYv`vbi cwZeKZvjv `ywiKiYi Dcvqjv

mbv KiZ cvie

clYvi aviYv clYvi ewk clYv P clYvi iZ Kgxì clYv`vbi Dcvq clYvi Z ((gvmjv I nvRevMi clYvZ)

Kgxì clYv`vbi cwZeKZv IcwZKvi


Ag Aavq: hvMvhvMwkLb dj welqe

1. eemvq hvMvhvMi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. eemvq hvMvhvMi cwqv evLv KiZ cvie3. eemvq hvMvhvMi iZ evLv KiZ cvie4. eemvq hvMvhvMi cKvif` eYbv KiZ cvie

5. hvMvhvMi Kvhvewj weklY KiZ cvie6. KvhKi hvMvhvMi c_ cwZeKZv wPwZ KiZ cvie7. eemvq hvMvhvM AvBwmwUi wewfb gvag hgb: dv,

BUvibU, BgBj, UwjKbdvi, gvevBj, Gm Gg Gm eenviicwZ I Kkjjv evLv KiZ cvie

8. eemvq hvMvhvM AvBwmwU eenvii myweav I Amyweavjv wPwZKiZ cvie

hvMvhvMi aviYv hvMvhvM cwqv eemvq hvMvhvMi iZ eemvq hvMvhvMi cKvif` wjwLZ hvMvhvM gwLK hvMvhvM

hvMvhvMi Kvhvewj KvhKi hvMvhvMi c_ cwZeKZv eemvq hvMvhvM Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi eenvi

(dv, BUvibU, BgBj, UwjKbdvi, gvevBj,z` evZv (GmGgGm)

beg Aavq: mg^qmvabwkLb dj welqe

1. mg^qmvabi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. mg^qmvabi bxwZjv evLv KiZ cvie3. mg^qmvabi iZ evLv KiZ cvie4. KvhKi mg^qi Dcvq/ c~ekZjv evLv KiZ cvie

mg^qmvabi aviYv mg^qmvabi bxwZ mg^qmvabi iZ KvhKi mg^qi Dcvq/ c~ekZ

`kg Aavq: wbqYwkLb dj welqe

1. wbqYi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie2. wbqYi ewkjv weklY KiZ cvie3. wbqYi iZ evLv KiZ cvie4. wbqYi bxwZgvjvjv evLv KiZ cvie5. wbqYi c`cmgyn eYbv KiZ cvie6. wbqYi Kkjjv eYbv KiZ cvie7. eemvq cwZvb wewfb cKvi wbqY eev g~jvqb KiZ cvie

wbqYi aviYv wbqYi ewk wbqYi iZ wbqYi bxwZgvjv wbqYi c`c wbqYi Kkj eemvq cwZvb wewfb cKvi wbqY eev


jLK wb `kbv (Writers Instruction)eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv welqwUi Rb gvbmZ cvVcy K iPbvi jLKi Rb wKQy wb `kbvi mycvwik Kiv nj :1. jLKK AekB iZ eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv wkvg `wjjwU fvjvfve cvV Ki Gi Dk, iZ I ggv_

Abyaveb KiZ ne| wekl Ki wkvg ewYZ wkLbdj, welqe , wkLb-kLvbv Kkj, D`vniY, g~jvqb BZvw`gj welqjv fvjvfve AvqZ Ki wbZ ne|

2. jLKK AekB cvVcy K iPbvi mgq wkv_xì gvbwmK eqm, wkv i I cvV`vbi myhvM myweav weePbvq ivLZne|

3. ZvwK I nvZ Kjg kLvi welqjv Ggbfve eve D`vniY, wP, Qwe, PvU BZvw` mg^q mnRfvlvq Dc vcbKiZ ne hvZ mnR evaMg I wkv_xeve nq| Kvhgjv AekB welqm, A_c~Y I nIqv evbxq|

4. cwZwU cvV Dc vcbvi mgq cZqi msv w`q i Kivi ixwZK wbirmvwnZ Kiv nQ| eis cvV iPbvi mgqD`vniYmn eYbv w`q Ggbfve i Kivi civgk Ìqv nQ hvZ wkv_x eYbvi ga w`q Abymvbg~jK `wfwwbq welqi ggv_ Dcjw KiZ mg nq|

5. ewRxeb I mgvRRxeb eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv welqwUi cfve cvVcy K mwVKfve Dc vcbi Rb jLKmsev`c, Rvbvj, cKvwkZ cy K, wbe, cwZe`b, mv`Kxq BZvwì mvnvh wbZ cvib| Ze G Kwc^ZAvBb gb KiZ ne|

6. welqe yi Dc vcbvq mZZv, bwZKZv, `kcg, ag wbicZv, cigZ mwnzZv, mse`bkxjZv BZvw` mvgvwRK IbwZK Yvewji weKvk Ges Avgvì Mievj BwZnvm, HwZn I mswZi cwZ AekB iZ w`Z ne|

7. eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv welqwUi ( y`wU ci) jLKK AekB welqi mv_ mswk KjR ewnf~Z myhvM-myweavhgb, eemvq cwZvb, evsK, GwUGg ey_, eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv welq ` AwZw_ evK kwYK AvnvbwKsev eemv cwZvb gY BZvw` eenviK Drmvn c` vb KiZ ne|

8. Z_i idvim Ìqvi cPwjZ ixwZ AekB AbymiY KiZ ne|9. jLK cwZwU cvV iPbvi iZ e wkLbdj wjL i Kieb Ges GKB wkLbdji GKvwaK cvV nZ cvi| Lqvj

ivLZ ne cwZwU cvV kl wbw ` wkLbdjwU hb AwRZ nq|10. cwZwU cvV mvaviYZ PjwZ fvlvq evsjv GKvWgxi evbvbixwZ AbymiY Ki iPbv KiZ ne| UKwbKvj k I

cwifvlvi BsiwR eenvi KiZ cvieb| G evsjv eenvi Kij ebxi ga BsiwR eenvi KiZ ne|11. cvywjwc : K. dU mvBR 14 nZ ne| L. jvBb m 1.5 nZ ne| M. cvywjwci mvBR 1/8 wWwm (20mwg-

30mwg) ne| N. KUU Gwiqv (8.55.75) nZ ne|12. eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv welqwUi c_g c eemvq cwiwPwZ cvVcy KwUi gvU cv msLv ne 220-240| Ze

cv msLv 10% nvmew nZ cvi|13. eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv welqwUi wZxq c ee vcbv cvVcy KwUi gvU cv msLv ne 200-220| Ze cv

msLv 10% nvmew nZ cvi|

cover.pdfGeneric_ Curriculum-11-12 Final.pdfCommettee.pdfIntroduction to Business 12 - Rev- After pres 31.12.12.pdf

Date post:	09-Mar-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	arnab-barua
View:	232 times
Download:	2 times

Business Organisation & Management1440354725

Documents