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Business
processmodelling
Business process modelling
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Business
processmodelling
Lean organisation
Influencing factors
psycho-social
dimension
organisational
dimension
technical
dimension
organisation of enterprises
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Business
processmodelling
Lean organisation
Integration
Includes not only the solving of technical problems, but mainly
involves company organisational measures.
Qualification of employees plays a significant part.
Integration without relevant organisational consequences results in
only a small advantage.
It is not enough to equip the existing practice with only
computers.
Before data-technical integration, organisational integration
with reference to products, processes, procedures etc. have to be carried
out.
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Business
processmodelling
Lean organisation
Aspects of integration
from functional organisational structure to process-oriented
organisational structure
reduction of the hierarchical structure
reintegration of tasks carried out based on the division of labour combination of planning and controlling as well as execution
(job enrichment)
creation of decentralised units (teams) with optional
characteristics (small, easy to grasp, quick, self-organising)
control system: instead of targets and control, the
guaranteeing of information and communication
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Business
processmodelling
Lean organisation
technical integration(CAO + CIM)
and
Lean Organisation
are only meaningful when used in combination!
8/8/2019 Business Process Modelling Pointers
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Business
processmodelling
Lean organisation
Concepts of integration
CAO and CIM
were not successfulyet.
reason: disregarding of organisational and psycho-
social aspects of the company
reason: disregarding of organisational and psycho-social aspects of the company
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Business
processmodelling
Aspects of integration
influencing factors for faster product design
and for faster production
personnel
(qualifications)organisation
information technique
product,
process of production
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Business
processmodelling
Importance of organisational aspects during
the implementation of CIM
Schultz-Wild/Nuber/Rehberg/Schmierl 1989
losses by organisational friction
introduction of new types of departments
introduction of additional departments
closure of departments
introduction of new types of workplaces
introduction of additional workplaces
closure of workplaces
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
31,1
17,3
10,7
8,1
%
45,0
18,3
24,8
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Business
processmodelling
Importance of organisational aspects during
the implementation of CIM
Schultz-Wild/Nuber/Rehberg/Schmierl 1989
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
33,3
22,4
38,7
30,4
%
27,4
13,1
35,5
shortage of specialists
employment of new personnel
Internal transferals
staff reductions
increase of divison of labour
increased flexibility regarding
the allocation of labour
decrease of divison of labour
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Business
processmodelling
Schultz-Wild/Nuber/Rehberg/Schmierl 1989
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
%
54,8
57,0
16,8
Importance of organisational aspects during
a implementation of CIM
relieving on routine tasks
in favor of creative tasks
more possibilities of
control and supervision
limitation of scope for actions
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Business
processmodelling
Organisation modelling
paradigms of representation
( by Bracchi and Pernici 1984 )
process-
data-
actor-
oriented
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Business
processmodelling
Elements of representation
place
task
information flow
information
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Business
processmodelling
Communication
process
coding, transmission, encoding
syntax and semantics of information have to be:
the same for all involved systems or
completely transferable into each other
Definition of the technical term:
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Business
processmodelling
Communication
Processes
generation / reception of information
processing / diffusion of information
storing / filing of information
transmission of information
Definition of the technical term:
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Business
processmodelling
Information- and
communication system (ICS)
system = a set of well-organised elements which are connected
to each other by a set of relationships
(see Zangenmeister 1980)
elements = information
relationships = information technical processes which are
connected with the communication
information and communication system:
Definition of the technical term:
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Business
processmodelling
Information- and
communication system (ICS)
ICS consists of:
tasks which are concluded from the main task of the companysoutput (achieving certain goals of action)
human who carry out tasks (a process supported by human)
techniques for supporting human (techniques of coding,
signalling, encoding, transmission media)
which influence each other.
Definition of the technical term:
8/8/2019 Business Process Modelling Pointers
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Business
processmod
elling
Task
A task is:
a goal of action which have to be fulfilled, an
intended performance which is achieved by physical
or mental activities.(Hoffmann 1980)
Main task of an enterprise is:
the operational performance, from which all other
tasks are derived.
Definition of the technical term:
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Business
processmod
elling
Function
Individual, identical or similar tasks are summarised into
functions under structure-organisational viewpoints.
Functions can be identical with places or departments.
Definition of the technical term:
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Business
processmod
elling
Activity / process (chain)
An organisational summary executed in sequence of tasks,
creates an activity or a process.
Processes or activities are connected to process or activity
chains at a higher level.
Tasks, in relation to processes, are linked by information
flows.
Definition of the technical term:
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Integration
process integration
division of labour activities are once again summarised
data integration
a unique, common (logical) database is established
Definition of the technical term:
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Model
A model is:
an object which is used instead of an original by a subject
on the basis of a structural, functional or behavioural
analogy
and applied in order to solve tasks which are not possibleon the original or too costly
(based on Meyers 1987)
Definition of the technical term:
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Model
object model: represents the subject of the problem solving
action model (method): represents the process of solving
problems
Problem solving can be achieved only by collaborating both
models.
Definition of the technical term:
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Object model
conceptional model:represents the original in view of the essential characteristics
reference model:
is the insertion of attributes to the conceptional model which
are general and free from individual distinctive features
(details)
implementation model:
are the attributes which are specifically used for the
planning case
Definition of the technical term:
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Tools for systems analysis
business process modelling tools
CASE-tools (computer aided software engineering)
classicalobject-oriented
Types of computer-based tools
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Businessprocessmod
elling
construction - NC-programming
construction - generation of working plans
production planning - production control
construction - production planning
production control - NC-programming
generation of working plans - production control
actual data which are rough
and free from individual
distinctive features
lo
gicalchainsofflow
organ
isatio
n-technic
al
altern
ativ
es
Lean Organisation
CIM-KSAdata model
Reference models
8/8/2019 Business Process Modelling Pointers
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Integration aspects
Groupware-based modelling of manufacturing systems
and information systems
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Research
Fields of research - tools for modelling
modeller
knowledge-basedmodelling and
simulation
cognitive design of
user interfaces
support of new
concepts like eg.
Artifical neuronal
networks and thetheory of chaos
integration of
graphical methods
of SE (simultaneous
engineering)
connection
to a metamodel
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Different kinds of view
organisational chart information model
function model
process model
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Businessprocessmod
elling
A model the an basis of integration
storage,
medium,
resources,
etc.function
model
informationmodel
organisational
chart
process
model
axiom
expert
method
expert
stati-
cal
dynamical
analysing
controlling
enterprisemodel ana-
lyser
simulator
8/8/2019 Business Process Modelling Pointers
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Organisational unit model
business management
staff
department
project
never above
never above
never above
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Leader model
manager departmental manager
project manager
never lower
never lower
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Organisational chart
department administration
departmental manager
department editorial staff
departmental manager
department graphic
departmental manager
staff quality control
departmental manager
project
data processing centreproject manager
secretary
administration
project
health serviceproject manager
editor
hardware
editor
software
layout
typography
layout
producer
graphics
draftsman
graphics
design
business managementbusiness manager
project
office informations systemsproject manager
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Function models
function model: project completion
function model: canvassing
project
completion
commercial
preparation
technicalpreparation
implementation
project
execution
canvassing
enquiry
developing a conceptadjusting a concept
implementing a concept
conclusion of a contract
adjusting the implementationrevising the implementation
handing out the implementation delivery
canvassing
commercial completion
being in touch with customers
technical publications
participating at fairs
analysing fairs
processing inquiries
making offers
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Resource model
computer
PC
laptop
disc
tapehard disc
scanner
printer
paper pencil
pen
ballpoint
resource model - tools
consistsof
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Resource model
Resource model - means of communication
transportation resource
post telefax bicycle courier telephone equipment
telephone exchange
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Information model
information model - research data
research data
questionnaire information
test results
conceptional information
technical literature
background information
questionnaire information
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Storage model
disc
tape
hard disc
act
head
file
buffer storageis a
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Information medium model
speech
product
letter
print medium
manual
prospecttechnical magazine
questionnaire
form
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Process model - subdividing
8/8/2019 Business Process Modelling Pointers
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Simulation
Entities of a business reengineering tool
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Entities of a business reengineering tool
hierarchy of places place / departmentplace
holder
task / place
task
task / replacement structure of tasks performance
classes of performance
approach / technique
assignment of
a technique
class of techniqueinformation flow
transport of information
assignment of transport
classes of transport
assignment of information
medium
classes of information
mediumuse of information description of information
path hierarchy of information structure of information
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Businessprocessmod
elling
The traditional developement of the
production process
feasibility
Study
schematic draft
manufacturing resources
aims of product
sketch of the product
construction specifications
provisional design of the product
refined production design
provisional design of
the production sequence
final production design
modelling, tests and control
provisional production designprovisional control of
the productivity
modelling, tests and control
refined production design
Gronau, 1994
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Businessprocessmod
elling
Product development using simultaneous
engineeringfeasibility Study
schematic draft
manufacturing resources
provisional production
sequenceaims of the products
sketch of the product
construction specifications
provisional product design
refined product design
provisional
production
desi
gn
refined
production
d
esign
provisional control of
productivitymodelling, tests and control