BVNBVN TM PEV1 – Pressure vessels and piping equipment

Head Office – Department Technology Equipment - V0 – November 2009

CONTENT

1 – Objectives2 – Pressure vessels3 - Classification Rules requirements for pressure vessels4 – Piping equipment4 – Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment

1 – Objectives

4Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009

Pressure vessels – Objectives

• To be familiar with Classification Rules regarding pressure vessels and piping equipment

• Study of Classification Rules requirements for pressure vessels and piping equipment

2 – Pressure vessels

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Pressure vessels

FIRED PRESSURE VESSELS (Boilers and thermal heaters)

UNFIRED PRESSURE VESSELS

• RESERVOIRS

• HEAT EXCHANGERS

• STEAM GENERATORS

PRESSURE VESSELS WITH Maximum Allowable Pressure GREATER THAN

0.5bar

BUREAU VERITASRules for Classification

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Pressure vessels

STEAM GENERATORS

• Volume

• Type of fluid

• Phase of fluid / Liquid of gaseous

• Design Pressure

• Design Temperature

• Heating Surface/Maximum

• Steam Output

SCANTLINGS

MATERIALS

MATERIALS

PROPERTIES

CONTENTION AND RELEASE

SHAPE

RESERVOIRS

&

HEAT EXCHANGERS

•Toxic

•Corrosive

Type of Substance

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Pressure vessels

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Pressure vessels

• Opening reinforcements

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Typical pressure vessels

Air receivers

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Typical pressure vessels

Shell & tubes heat exchanger

1 – Shell

2 – Header

3 – Cooling fluid

4 – Cover seal

5 – Separation plate (for two pass arrangement)

6 – Header cover

7 – Tube plate

8 – Gaskets

9 – Hot fluid (to be cooled)

10 – Baffle

11 – Tube bundle

12 – Shell branches

13 – Elastomer seals

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Typical pressure vessels

Plate heat exchangers

4 – Classification Rules requirements for Pressure vessels

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Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

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Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

Study of Classification Rules requirements

Particular attention to construction, testing and certification requirements :

Part C Ch 1 Sec 3 articles 4 and 7

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Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

Some definitions

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Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

Classification Rules requirements depend on the class

(design review, certification of materials and components, NDE, testing, need for production samples, scope of individual certification)

18Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009

Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

19Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009

Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

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Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

• Typical characteristics of a pressure vessel

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Classification Rules requirements for unfired pressure vessels

• Typical tasks for survey of a pressure vessel :

- Check availability of reviewed drawings (as per type approval as relevant)

- Check materials and components certificates, as relevant

- Check Welding Procedure Specification and Welding Procedure Qualification Records

- Check welders certificates

- Check non-destructive testing operators certification

- Witness hydraulic pressure testing

- General visual examination

3 – Piping equipment

3.1 – Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

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Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

Cocks and Valves

Cocks and valves are used to control or interrupt the flow of a number of fluids at various, often varying, pressures and temperatures

Valves can be categorised according to :

• the fluid flow (full way valve like gate valve or butterfly valve, throttle valve like globe valve)

• the flange configuration (in-line or angle)

• the function (flow diversion, dump, relief, safety)

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Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

Cock

Closing by rotating the plug

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Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

Ball valve

Closing by rotating the ball

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Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

Gate valve

Closing by interposing a flat or tapered element (gate or wedge) transversely accross the axis of the opening

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Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

Butterfly valve

Consists of a disc pivoted across the bore of a ring body

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Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

Globe valve

Closing by pressing a disc or plug axially against the opening

In-line valve Angle valve

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Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

Non-return or check valve

Allows the flow in one direction only

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Piping equipment – Cocks and Valves

Relief valve

3.2 – Piping equipment - Pumps

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Piping equipment - Pumps

Pump

A pump is a device which adds to the energy of a liquid or gas causing an increase in its pressure and perhaps a movement of the fluid

Marine pumps fall into two broad classes :

• Displacement (self priming)

The liquid or gas is displaced from the suction to the discharge by the mechanical variation of the volume of a chamber or chambers, with two subcategories :

• Reciprocating pumps

• Rotary pumps

• Centrifugal (must be primed)

Flow through the pump is induced by the centrifugal force imparted to the liquid by the rotation of an impeller or impellers

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Piping equipment - Pumps

Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pump Operation

• During the suction stroke, the piston moves to the left, causing the check valve in the suction line between the reservoir and the pump cylinder to open and admit water from the reservoir.• During the discharge stroke, the piston moves to the right, seating the check valve in the suction line and opening the check valve in the discharge line.

Reciprocating pump

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Piping equipment - Pumps

Rotary pump

Rotary pumps operate on the principle that a rotating vane, screw, or gear traps the liquid in the suction side of the pump casing and forces it to the discharge side of the casing

These pumps are self priming due to their capability of removing air from the suction lines and producing a high suction lift.

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Piping equipment - Pumps

Rotary pump – Gear type

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Piping equipment - Pumps

Rotary pump – Screw type

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Piping equipment - Pumps

Centrifugal pumpA centrifugal pump works on the principle of conversion of the kinetic energy of a flowing fluid (velocity pressure) into static pressure.

The rotation of the pump impeller accelerates the fluid as it passes from the impeller eye (centre) and outward through the impeller vanes to the periphery.

3.3 – Piping equipment - Compressors

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Piping equipment - Compressors

Compressor There are 4 basic types of air compressors found in marine applications:

1. Reciprocating or piston compressors

2. Rotary screw compressors

3. Sliding vane compressors

4. Centrifugal compressors

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Piping equipment - Compressors

Positive displacement air compressors work by filling an air chamber with air and then reducing the chamber’s volume

Reciprocating or piston compressors are the most common machines

They are positive displacement compressors and can be found in ranges from fractional to very high horsepower

Reciprocating compressors

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Piping equipment - Compressors

Reciprocating compressors work in a very similar manner as does as internal combustion engine but basically in a reverse process

They have cylinders, pistons, crankshafts, valves and housing blocks

Reciprocating compressors

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Piping equipment - Compressors

Rotary Screw Compressors work on the principle of air filling the void between two helical mated screws and their housing. As the two helical screws are turned, the volume is reduced resulting in an increase of air pressure

Most rotary screw compressors inject oil into the bearing and compression area The reasons are for cooling, lubrication and creating a seal between screws and the housing wall to reduce internal leakage.

Rotary screw compressors

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Piping equipment - Compressors

After the compression cycle, the oil and air must be separated before the air can be used by the air system.

Rotary screw compressors

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Piping equipment - Compressors

Rotary Sliding Vane Compressors are positive displacement compressors.

The compressor pump consists of a rotor, stator, and 8 blades. The slotted rotor is eccentrically arranged within the stator providing a crescent shaped swept area between the intake and exhaust ports.

Oil is injected into the air intake and along the stator walls to cool the air, lubricate the bearings and vanes, and provide a seal

between the vanes and the stator wall.

Rotary sliding vane compressors

46Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009

Piping equipment - Compressors

After the compression cycle, the oil and air must be separated before the air can be used by the air system

As the rotor turns a single revolution, compression is achieved as the volume goes from a maximum at the intake ports to a minimum at the exhaust port. The vanes are forced outward from within the rotor slots and held against the stator wall by rotational acceleration

Rotary sliding vane compressors

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Piping equipment - Compressors

Centrifugal Compressors are not positive displacement compressors. They use very high speed spinning impellers (up to 60,000 rpm) to accelerate the air then a diffuser to decelerate the air.

This process, called dynamic compression, uses velocity to cause an increase in pressure. In most Centrifugal compressors, there are several of these impeller/diffuser combinations.

Centrifugal compressors

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Piping equipment - Compressors

Typically, these machines have intercoolers between each stage to cool the air as well as remove the condensate to avoid impeller damage due to erosion.

Centrifugal compressors

3.4 – Piping equipment – Various equipment

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Various piping equipment

Centrifugal purifiers

• To remove certain impurities from fuel and lubricating oils, centrifugal oil/water separators are most widely used

The operating principle for the purifier relies on centrifugal force to separate oil, sludge and water due to their variations of density. A stack of conical plates inside the bowl is rotated by an electric motor.

The oil is forced up from the bottom of the bowl and passes over the rotating plates as it moves through the separator

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Various piping equipment

Centrifugal purifiers

The operating principlefor the purifier relies on the variations in density between :oilsludge andwater

The sludge and water which are heavier than the oil move to the outside of the bowl, leaving clean oil in the centre

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Various piping equipment

Strainers and filters

• Devices designed to prevent the passage of unwanted solids into or further along a system

Duplex filter

Automatic filter

www.bollfilter.de

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Various piping equipment

Automatic closing appliances

Used to close the openings of air pipes in order to prevent the free entry of water into the space concerned

www.kwangsan.com

Air vent head - Disc type

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Various piping equipment

Level gauges

Used to measure levels in tanks

Typical mechanical types

www.whessoe-europe.co.uk

Liquid level gauge – Diaphragm typeLiquid level gauge – Liquid gas type

www.semco-ltd.com

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Various piping equipment

Level gauges

Used to measure levels in tanks

Other types

Float type liquid level indicatorBalance weight float type level indicator

www.semco-ltd.comwww.semco-ltd.com

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Various piping equipment

Typical pipe couplings

www.bollfilter.de

Typically, slip-on joint, grip type

www.straub.ch www.victaulic.com

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Various piping equipment

Expansion joints

• Can be metallic or non-metallic

Axial expansion joints with flanges Lateral expansion joints with flanges

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Various piping equipment

Flexible hoses assemblies

• Can be metallic or non-metallic

4 – Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment

60Bureau Veritas S.A. internal use only – Pressure vessels – BVN TM PEV1 – V0 – November 2009

Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment

Study of Classification Rules requirements

Particular attention to construction, testing and certification requirements :

Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 20 including table 38

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Classification Rules requirements for piping equipment

Study of Classification Rules requirements :

• Valves, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.7 and articles of various piping systems

• Pumps, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 20

• Compressors, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 17

• Purifiers, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 articles 11 and 12

• Filters, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 articles 11 and 12

• Closing appliances, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 9

• Level gauges, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 articles 11 and 12

• Pipe couplings, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.4

• Expansion joints, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.6

• Flexible hoses, Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 2.6

In general Part C Ch 1 Sec 10 article 20 Certification, inspection and testing

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