BWMP Presentation 02-02-2009

Ballast Water ManagementCopenhagen Design Support Centre

Ballast Water Management

Skibsteknisk Selskab 2 Feb. 2009

Henrik ErichsenSenior Surveyor, Naval Architect


Agenda

• The Ballast Water Convention

• National Requirements

• Ballast Water Exchange Standards

- 3 methods for ballast water exchange

• Ballast Water Treatment Standards

- Description of common methods

- Approval Process

- Design and Installation Considerations

• Ballast Water Management Plans

• Approval of Ballast Water Management Plans

• Conclusions


The Ballast Water Convention

International Convention for the Control and Management

of Ships’ Ballast Water(Adopted Friday 13 February 2004 )

The convention will enter into force 12 months after at least 30 States,

the combined merchant fleets of which constitute at least 35% of the

gross tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping.

To date there are 17 signatories to the convention representing 15% of

the gross tonnage of the worlds merchant shipping fleet:

Antigua&Barbuda, Barbados, Egypt, France, Kenya, Kiribati, Liberia, Maldives, Mexico, Nigeria, Norway, Saint Kitts & Nevis, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic and Tuvalu.


The Ballast Water Convention Which ships does the convention apply to?

The convention will apply to all ships including submersibles, floating craft, floating platforms, FSUs and FPSOs

The convention will not apply to:

ships not designed to carry ballast water

warship, naval auxiliary or other ship owned or operated by a State, only on non-commercial service

permanent ballast water in sealed tanks


The Ballast Water ConventionWhat does the convention require?

• All ships will be required to:• carry out ballast water and sediment

management on all voyages • have on board an approved ballast water

management plan and a ballast water record book

• Ships of 400 gt and above subject to surveys and certification


The Ballast Water ConventionSurveys and Certification

International Ballast Water Management Certificate

Valid five years subject to: • Annual surveys• Intermediate survey• Renewal survey


The Ballast Water Convention Ballast Water Management Requirements

• Take precautions when ballasting (not at night, in shallow water etc.)

• Exchange Ballast (flow-through, sequential, dilution methods)

• Treat Ballast

• Control sediment built up

• Retain ballast on board

• Discharge to shore reception facilities


The Ballast Water Convention Ballast water managements options

All ships will be required to:

Carry out Ballast Water Exchange (BWE) to the standard required by the convention (sequential, flow through or dilution method)

or

Use an approved ballast water ‘treatment’ system that meets the standards of the convention.


The Ballast Water Convention What to do and when?

Vessels constructed before 2009:

Ballast water capacity 1,500m3 to 5,000m3; Exchange or Treatmentuntil 2014; Treatment only after 2014.

Ballast water capacity less than 1,500m3 or more than 5,000m3; Exchange or Treatment until 2016; Treatment only after 2016.

Vessels to comply by the first intermediate or renewal survey, which ever comes first, after the anniversary date of delivery.


The Ballast Water Convention What to do and when?

Vessels constructed in or after 2009:

Ballast water capacity less than 5,000m3; Treatment only

Vessels constructed between 2009 and 2012:

Ballast water capacity more than 5,000m3;

Exchange until 2016; Treatment only after 2016.

Vessels constructed in or after 2012:

Ballast water capacity more than 5,000m3; Treatment only.


The Ballast Water Convention Meeting the 2009 DeadlineWhy can’t 2009 be met?• Availability of approved treatment systems.

The IMO Secretary General proposed a possible way forward to theIMO’s Assembly 25 Session held 19 to 30 November 2007.

A compromise which after much discussion was accepted by consensus on the basis that if the Convention entered into force during 2009/10/11 that:

Recommends to member states that ships constructed in 2009 should not be required to comply with regulation B-3.3 of the International Ballast Water Management Convention until the date of their second annual survey but no later than December 31, 2011.

See resolution A.1005(25)


The Ballast Water Convention Meeting the 2009 DeadlineThe proposal does not deal with ships constructed after 2010 and the other dates referred to in regulation B – 3.3 only ships constructed in 2009.

For ships subject to B-3.3 constructed in 2010 the availability of technology was reviewed at MEPC 58 (October 2008) for ships constructed after 2010 but no decision will be made until MEPC 59 in July 2009.

What will happen after 2009?

More questions than answers !!!


There are a number of guidelines associated with the Convention

• Two most important relate to ballast water management operations:

Guidelines for Ballast Water Management and the Development of Ballast Water Management Plans (MEPC.127(53))

Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange (MEPC.124(53))

• Sampling ballast water, approval of treatment systems, reception facilities and to surveys, PSC and flag administrations matters including ‘additional measures’ and ‘risk assessment’

The Ballast Water Convention IMO Guidelines


The Ballast Water ConventionDo we have to do anything now?

For compliance with the Convention - No(Except to plan ahead)

For compliance with national Regulations - Yes

For example:-

Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, Israel (Red Sea), Canada, Chile, US (federal and individual state)


National Requirements

• All the national regulations have two basic requirements:1. Ships should exchange ballast prior to arrival – when and where exchange must take place may be defined but is usually 200nm from land and in water of 200m in depth or more 2. Ships should have on board a ballast water management plan - with the exception of Brazil approval of the plan is NOT required.

Additionally some regulations require a report form to be completed and either sent prior to arrival or made available on arrival.

• In all cases keep clear records in the log book or in a ballastwater record book


Ballast Water Exchange Standards

BWE to be to an efficiency of at least 95 % volumetric exchange of Ballast Water or

Pumping through three times the volume of each Ballast Water tank is considered to meet the standard described above.

(Pumping through less than three times the volume may be accepted, provided the ship can demonstrate that at least 95% volumetric exchange is met.)


Where can ballast water exchange be carried out?

• At least 200 nm from the nearest land and in water at least 200 m in depth; if this is not possible

• As far from the nearest land as possible, and in all cases at least 50 nm from the nearest land and in water at least 200 m in depth.

• Countries may designate areas where ballast water exchange may be undertaken inside these limits.

• Countries may specify additional measures

A ship is not required to deviate from its intended voyage, or delay the voyage to comply.

The master may decide not to carry out exchange


Ballast Water ExchangeThree IMO recognised methods

• Sequential method

• Flow through method

• Dilution method


Ballast Water Exchange Safety Issues

Sloshing loads

Bending moments

Sheer forces

Stability margins

Weather window

Torsional stresses

Tank venting

Draft

Propeller immersion

Crew safety


Ballast Water Exchange - Design Considerations

Air vent head with broken ball float Overflow/Air pipe for double bottom ballast tank

Portable plastic overflow pipe on manhole and deck for deep tank or topside tank


Ballast Water Treatment Standards

Discharge less than:

1. 10 viable organisms per cubic metre greater than or equal to 50

micrometers in minimum dimension and;

2. less than 10 viable organisms per millilitre less than 50

micrometers in minimum dimension and greater than or equal to

10 micrometers in minimum dimension and;

3. discharge of the indicator microbes shall not exceed the specified

concentrations.


Ballast Water Treatment Standards

Indicator microbes, as a human health standard, shall include:

a. Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae (01 and 0139) with less than 1 colony

forming unit (cfu) per 100 millilitres or less than 1 cfu per 1 gram

(wet weight) zooplankton samples;

b. Escherichia coli less than 250 cfu per 100 millilitres;

c. Intestinal Enterococci less than 100 cfu per 100 millilitres.


Ballast Water Treatment Methods

• Must be safe (For ship and crew)

• Must be environmentally acceptable.

• Must be cost-effective.

• Must work

• Must be approvedHydrocyclone

There are advantages and disadvantages to each type treatment method.Research has shown that a combination of two or more treatment processes are usually required to meet the IMO standard in regulation D-2. i.e. a filter of some kind plus one or more other technologies.


Ballast Water Treatment Processes

Ozonation

Vitamin K

Peracetic Acid

Hydrogen Peroxide

UltrasonicChlorine Dioxide

UltravioletElectro ChlorinationHydrocyclone

De-oxygenationChlorinationFilter

PhysicalChemical

Disinfection

Physical solid-liquid separation


Ballast Water Treatment - The Approval Process

Systems using an active substance

Systems NOT using an active

Basic approval Land based testing

Ship-board testing

Final approvalType approval

certificate

Land based testing

Ship-board testing

Type approval certificate

IMO ApprovalEnvironmental impact (G9)

System Approval by

flag state (G8)

IMO ApprovalEnvironmental impact (G9)

Issue of type approval

certificate by flag (G8)


• Treatment systems are required to be approved in accordance withIMO G8 guidelines (MEPC 174 (58) previouslyMEPC.125(53))

• If the system uses or produces an ‘active substance’ – the substance must be approved (basic and final) by the IMO in accordance withthe IMO G9 Guidelines (MEPC.169(57) previously MEPC.126(53))

• Currently three fully approved systems with others expected during 2008 i.e. has been issued a certificate under the G8 guidelines

• The approved systems are : NEI, Alpha Laval and SEDNA as of December 2008

The Ballast Water Treatment Approval Requirements


The Ballast Water Treatment Design / Installation Considerations

Items to consider when selecting a treatment system include

• Ship type

• Ballast capacity• Space required (foot print

and volume)

• Flexibility of location of system components

• Integration with exiting systems

• Certified intrinsically safe• Power availability

• Health and Safety

• Effects on tank structure/coatings

• Availability of consumables, spares and support (servicing)

• Additional crew workload

• Crew training • Capital and Operating Cost• System availability –

delivery time


The Ballast Water Treatment PlansHow much space required?

24241212UV

18963Deoxygenatio

n

26994Paracetic Acid

23199.57.5Elec.

Chlorination

89444022Ozone

2000 m3/hr

200 m3/hr

2000 m3/hr

200 m3/hr

Volume M3Foot Print M2System/ capacity


The Ballast Water Treatment PlansApproximate Costs

750UV

50-850Deoxygenation

200-NAPeracetic acid

201.5 to 25-500Elec Chlorination

450

1000

Ozone

260UV

50-550Deoxygenation

200-540Peracetic acid

200.5 to 22-300Elec Chlorination

250

200

Ozone

MaintenanceInstallationInitial

To treat 1000m3

Costs $ x 1000M3/hrType


Ballast Water Management Plans

The Convention and all know national regulations require ships to have on board a ballast water management plan.

The Convention will require the plan to be approved

Most national regulations do not require the plan to be approvedwith the exception of Brazil which does require an approved planto be onboard.

It is recommended that for compliance with national regulations the plan meets Convention standards


Ballast Water Management Plans

A Ballast Water Management Plan is to:

• Assist in the ship in complying with international regulations to minimise the risk of the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in ships’ ballast water and associated sediments

• Consider ship safety elements

• Provide information to PSC/quarantine officers on the ship’s ballast handling system and to confirm that ballast management can be effectively planned

• Include training on BWM operational practices


Ballast Water Management Plan Contents

• Ship particulars

• Explanation of need for BWM and reporting

• Ballast water arrangements

• Safety considerations

• BWM Procedures

• Ballast water sampling points

• Crew training

• Duties of the BWM management officer

• BW reporting form and handling log

• National BWM requirements


Approval of Ballast Water Management Plans

• Lloyd’s Register has a Model plan which is recommended• The model plan covers all major local requirements• If strictly based on our model plan we can offer a fast and

effectiv review• Relevant convention and MEPC resolutions are available in PDF

for client distribution• Service level 1 (available for all IACS vessels)

• BW Exchange Sequence + approved CLI• We will issue

• DAD, Statement of Compliance and a notation will beassigned to the vessel


• Service level 2 (LR vessels only)• No BW Exchange sequence or approved Cli

• DAD with ref. to T&S and a clear statement that theMaster holds responsibility for preparation and conduction of the BW Exchange

Attention. Only vessels which fly’s the flag of a state where the 2004 Convention is rectified can be granted an Approved Ballast Water Managementplan.

Approval of Ballast Water Management Plans


Conclusion

• Ballast Water Convention adopted by the IMO 13 February 2004

• Some countries require ballast management now

• An early decision should be made on what BWM method(s) (exchange or treatment) are to be used for new buildings

• Ship design should take into account BWM and required equipment

• A BWM plan should be produced for ballast management operations to safeguard the ship

• Lloyd’s Register can offer assistance


This was ballast exchange which went wrong:

Proper planning and a good BWMP can avoid this to happen!!


Services are provided by members of the Lloyd’s Register Group Lloyd’s Register, Lloyd’s Register EMEA and Lloyd’s Register Asia are exempt charities under the UK Charities Act 1993.

The Lloyd’s Register Group works to enhance safety and approve assets and systems at sea, on land and in the air –because life matters.


Tailored solutions

For more information, please contact:

Henrik ErichsenSenior Surveyor

Lloyd’s Register EMEAStatutory SectionStrandvejen 104ADK-2900 HellerupDenmark

T +45 32 96 18 00 F +45 32 96 18 81E [email protected]

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BWMP Presentation 02-02-2009

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