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ABSTRACT

CLASSIFICATION or NEOPLASDB summ- non

FEDERALLY msmcmi ABAITOIRS IN. m

STATE or MICHIGAN mm A ONE-YEAR PERIOD

by Albert Morgan Carey

The purpose of this study was to microscopically classify tumors

submitted from federally inspected abattoirs in the State of Michigan

from November 1, 1964, to October 31, 1965. There were 184 tissue

specimens examined from 116,410 cattle and 413,797 swine slaughtered

during this period. Frcn this number of. specimens 170 were neoplastic

and 14 were non-neoplastic.

Microscopically the tuaors were classified as neurofibromas 25.91

(44), adrenal cortical adenomas 21.82 (37), roman fibre—as 18.21 (31),

lymphosarcomas 15.91 (27), adenocarcinomas 5.92 (10), granulesa cell

tumors 4.72 (8) and miscellaneous 7.62 (13).

The mean age of incidence for animals with neOplasia was 6.1 years.

The mean age of incidence for animals with neurofibroma was 6.0 years,

adrenal cortical adenma 6.3 years, rumen fibre-a 5.7 years, lympho-

sarcoma 6.3 years, adenocarcinome 6.7 years, and granulosa cell tt-or

7.0 years.

Neoplastic tissues were submitted from 68 Berefords, 60 Holsteins,

l3 Angus' and 6 Guernseys. The breed was not specified for 23 of the

animals.

CLASS IFICHIQU OF NEOPLASIB susmrrm FRO!

FEDERALLY INSPECTED ABATI'OIRS IN THE

STATE (1' MICHIGAN roe A ONE-YEAR PERICD

By

Albert Horgan Carey

A THESIS

Submitted to

Michigan State University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

MASTER (F SCIENCE

Department of Pathology

1966

Dedicated to my wife

mttie

ii

ACKNWIEDGEHENTS

The author expresses his appreciation to the following individuals

and organisations for their help in making this thesis possible.

To R. K. K. Kaahey, Academic Advisor, and Drs. R. r. Laughs- and

G. L. Healer, Guidance Committee members, for their efforts and help in

fulfilling the thesis requirements for this degree.

To Dr. T. 8. Hillian, Dean, Dr. E. W. Ad-s, Head, Department of

htholegy, and Dr. R. C. Williams, Department of Anatuy, School of

Veterinary bdicine, Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, for their inspira-

tional teaching.

To Dr. A. n. Galang, Veterinarian in Charge, and the veterinarians

of the hat Inspection Division in Michigan (especially Dr. ll. Claus)

whose diligent efforts made this study possible.

To the Heat Inspection Division, United States Department of Agri-

culture, for the opportunity to study at Michigan State University.

To the Departments of Surgery and Medicine and Pathology, Hichigan

State University, for technical assistance and facilities used in the

preparation of research material for this study.

111

mmcnw.....

WWI-HEREIN.

mnwmmws

RESUHS.......

DISCUSSION. . . . . .

SWY.......

LISTCREPERENCES..

ma.........

TABLE W CMENIS

Page

15

l8

19

21

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Incidence of neOplasms by breeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Incidence of neoplastic conditions in per cent . . . . . . 8

Photomicrograph of a neurofibroma. Note the whorling pat-

tern of the neoplastic cells. Hematoxylin and eosin.

‘m705eeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeee 8

Photomicrograph of an adrenal cortical adenoma. Note the

connective tissue capsule at upper left. Hematorylin and

.“inet75eeeeeoeeeaeseeseeeeeesee 10

Photomicrograph of a rumen fibrous. The focal accumula-

tions of cells consist primarily of eosinophils. Hema-

tmlin .nd .min. x75 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 10

Photomicrograph of a lymphosarcoma. There are several

‘mitotic figures (arrow). Hematosylin and eosin. x750. . . 12

Photomicrograph of an adenocarcinoma of the kidney. Note

the pleomorphic cells and mitotic figures (arrow). Hema-

tmlin .M Quin. x18705. O O 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O 0 O 12

Photomicrograph of a granulosa cell tumor. Hematoxylin

.nd a“ in. ‘18705. O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 14

Photomicrograph of an hemangiopericytoma. Note erythro-

cytes within a blood vessel. Hematoxylin and eosin.

x750eeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeessseooe 11"

vi

INTRODUCTIQI

”All tumours should be looked upon as potentially

valuable clues to the solution of the cancer problem,

and it might be considered a point of duty that no

tuour encountered in meat inspection or knackers

yard should be disposed of unexamined. A lot of

pathological material in general is wasted in abattoirs

and more should be' done to make this material available

for study." (Cotchin, 1958)

The system of classifying tumors currently in use by the Heat Inspec-

tion Division (H.I.D.), United States Department of Agriculture, is and

has been based primarily upon the gross morphological characteristic of

the tuor, location, and evidence of metastasis or invasiveness (Drandley

and Higaki, 1963). The H.I.D.'s~8umnary of Activities (1964) reported

neoplasms as carcinoma, sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, epitheliua or

miscellaneous, but more specific information on the characteristics of

the neoplasms is unavailable. Information based on microscopic diagnosis,

in addition to being useful to the H.I.D., would be of great value to

those engaged in cancer research.

The purpose of this study was to histologically classify tunors sub-

mitted from federally inspected abattoirs in the State of Michigan.

REVIEW W LITERATURE

The figures and percentages cited in this literature review represent

only those which were considered pertinent to this study.

Davis, leaper, and Shelton (1933), in their classic work on tumors

encountered in federally inspected abattoirs, observed that food-producing

animals were subject to a wide variety of neoplasms. There was a greater

incidence of tumors observed in animals over 4 years of age. Carcinoma

of the eye was the most con-only observed tumor of cattle, and the

adrenal gland in cattle and sheep had a greater tendency to cancerous

involvement than the other internal organs. Ninety tumors of cattle were

examined histologically, and it was observed that 5.61 were adenocercinomas,

44.41 carcinomas, 7.82 lymphocytomas, 1.11 embryonal nephromas, 3.31

neuroblastomes, 7.81 adenomas (4 adrenal), 4.41 fibromas (l rumen), 1.11

hepetaaas, and 2.21 leiomyosarcomas. In swine the kidney was the most

common site of neoplastic proliferation,‘with 57.71 of all tumors being

classified as embryonal nephroma.

Nair and Sastry (1953) stated that the cancer age in cattle appeared

to be between 6 and 8 years of age. In a 12-year survey of animal tumors

in the Madras State, India, 2003 tumors were examined microscopically.

There were 836 squamous cell carcinomas of the eye, 464 squamous cell

carcinomas of the horn, 22 adenocarcinomas, 22 neurofibromas, l leio-

myoma, 21 fibrosarcomas, ll lymphosarcomas, and 33 adenomss. There were

no hypernephromas observed.

3

Planet (1951), in a survey of 60 txmors, observed that the most

common tumors of cattle and swine‘were lymphosarcomss and embryonal

nephromas, respectively. Thirty-seven of the tumors were from cattle

and 9 were from swine. The majority of the bovine tumors was from fe-

'males 6 years of age and older. Plummer (1956), in a later survey,

examined 447 tumors of bovine origin and reported 142 as lymphoearcoma

and 107 as squamous cell carcinoma. There were 12 reticulum cell sar-

comes, 11 granulosa cell tumors, 10 fibrosarcomas, 59 carcinomas, 9

hypernephromas (adrenal cortical), and 2 pheochrmocytomas. A majority

of the bovine tumors in the 2 surveys was submitted from abattoirs under

dominion inspection in Canada.

Monlux, Anderson, and Davis (1956) collected 1002 tuners from

federally inspected abattoirs in Denver. Seven hundred twenty-two of

the cattle tumors were neoplasms involving the eye, and 471 of them were

diagnosed microscopically as squamous cell carcinoma. Nistologic exami-

nation of the tumors not involving the eye revealed 43 schwannomas, 20

lymphosarcomas, 7 ovarian tumors (6 granuloea cell and l cystadenocarci-

name), 4 kidney tumors (2 embryonal nephromas and 2 adenocarcinomas), 23

adrenal cortical tumors, 8 liver tumors, 5 adrenal medullary tumors, 8

smooth muscle tmors and 7 fibrous connective tissue tumors. The most

frequently diagnosed tmor of swine was embryonal nephroma.

Nobel and Neumann (1960) drew attention to the relatively high inci-

dence of bovine leukosis and bovine squamous cell carcinoma observed in

their survey of 280 tumors at the Veterinary Institute in Israel.

Cotchin (1960) stated that lymphosarcome was the most important

malignant tumor of cattle. Sixty-three cases were observed out of 293

bovine tuners collected. The skin tumors were reported as 38 ”eye

4

cancers”, 17 fibromas, l7 fibropapillomas, 17 melanomas, and 9.listed’,as

”others”. There were 7 tumors of the rumen (5 fibrous edematous polyps

and 2 squamous cell carcinaaas), 5 of the liver (4 liver cell tumors and

1 multiple sarcoma), and 7 adrenal gland tumors (4 cortical tumors and 3

medullary tuners).

Moulton (1963) stated that the most important neoplasm of the or in

the United States was carcinoma of the eye and that embryonal nephroma

was one of the most canon neoplasms in the pig but was rare in other

species. The granulosa cell tumor was comonly found in the mare and cow,

and the hepatic cell ttnor was most often observed in the ex and sheep.

The schwannoma and the neuroblastoma were found more co-only in the

bovine than in other species.

Reisinger (1963) reported on 1109 tumors collected from 13 federal

meat inspection stations from April, 1960, through December, 1962. Histo-

pathologic diagnosis revealed 941 malignant lymphaaes, 58 adenocarcinomas,

l4 squamous cell carcinomas, 14 neurofibromas, 8 fibrosarcomas, 7 undif-

ferentiated sarcomas, 6 liver cell carcinmas, 6 adrenal tumors, 4 undifo

ferentiated carcinomas, 4 granulosa cell tumors, 3 carcinolaas of lung,

3 nephroblastomas, 3 benign hepatomas, 13 classed as "other types", and

20 which were classed as reactive hyperplasia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The neoplastic tissue specimens for this study were obtained from

animals slaughtered in 3 federally inspected abattoirs: Murray Packing

Company, Plainwell, Michigan; Vogt Packing Company, Flint, Michigan; and

Crown Packing Company, Detroit, Michigan. The specimens were obtained

from the slaughtered animals by veterinarians (of the Meat Inspection

Division, United States Department of Agriculture) during the course of

post-marten inspection of the carcasses. Clearsite plastic via1s* con-

taining 30 cc. of 10% buffered formalin were used for the collection of

samples. The specimens were shipped to Michigan State University in

shipping cartons with a lO-vial capacity. A specimen report form was

enclosed with each specimen submitted containing the following informa-

tion: date of collection, tissue submitted, species, age, sex, and a

brief description of the gross lesion(s) observed (including site and/or

tissue involved). When the specimens arrived, each was assigned a

number, trimed and processed in an Autotechnicon“ and embedded in

Paraplest.” The sections were cut at 5 microns and routinely stained

with hematoxylin and eosin.

*Scientific Products Company, Allen Park, Michigan

“Technicon Company, Chauncy, New York

***Aloe Scientific Division of Brunswick, St. Louis, Mo.

RESUIII‘S

There were 275 tissue specimens submitted for this study from 116,410

cattle and 413,797 swine during the loyear period from November 1, 1964,

to October 31, 1965. One hundred eighty-four of these tissues were examined

microscopically. Technical difficulties encountered in the collection of

tissues (i.e., shortage of collection vials) made it impossible to posi-

tively identify all tissues submitted. Microscopic examination was per-

formed only on tissues which were accanpanied by or could be identified

through the specimen report form. Neoplasms were submitted from 68 Here-

fords, 60 Holsteins, 13 Angus' and.6 Guernseys. The breed was not speci-

fied for 23 of the animals (TABLE 1).

There was no evidence of neoplasia in 14 of the tissues submitted,

and they were classified as pneumonia 6, adrenal cortical hyperplasia 5,

hepatic fibrosis 1, ovarian cyst 1, and pleuritis and lymphadenitis 1.

Mioroscopically the neoplasms were classified as neurofibromas 25.92

(44), adrenal cortical adenomas 21.8% (37), runen fibranas 18.22 (31), A

lymphosarcomas 15.9% (27), adenocarcinomas 5.91 (10), granulosa cell

tumors 4.71 (8), and miscellaneous 7.6% (13) (Figure 1).

The mean age of all animals involved with neoplasia was 6.1 years.

Neoplastic tissues were submitted from 168 cattle and 2 swine. All animals

were females, with the exception of 1 male swine.

A. Neurofibroma

The mean age of incidence of this neoplasm was 6.0 years, and it was

observed with greatest frequency in Herefords.

6

TABLE 1. Incidence of neoplasms by breeds.

no: I

Hereford Holstein Angus Guernsey Spec. Total

Neurofibroma 34 7 2 --- l 44

Adrenal cortical adenoma 13 12 7 2 3 37

Rumen fibrous 10 17 ~c- 1 3 31

Lymphosarcoma 1 17 1 l 7 27

Adenocarcinoma 3 l --- 1 5 10

Cranulosa cell tumor 3 2 -~- 1 2 8

Miscellaneous __4__ __g_ ___;__ :3; _.L.. __l}_

Total 68 60 13 6 23 170

Incidence of neoplastic condition in per cent .

leurefibrua

Adrenal cart. eden.

Run fibraa

“hours-

Adenocarcinoma

Oran. cell tux

Miscellaneous

Figure 1.

Figure 2. Photomicrograph of a neurofibroms. Note

the whorling pattern of the neoplastic cells. Hematoxylin

and eosin. x187.5.

9

Microscopically the tumor cells appeared fusiform and had oval or

elongated nuclei. The cells and their collagenous fibers formed‘wevy

interlacing bundles with a tendency to whorl. When the ganglia were in-

volved the nerve cells were compressed and widely separated by the col-

1agenous fibers. In some sections there were focal infiltrations of

lymphocytes (Figure 2).

B. Adrenal cortical adenoms

The mean age of incidence of this neOplesm was 6.3 years, and it

was observed with greatest frequency in Herefords.

MicroscOpically the neoplasm was characterised by large polyhedral

cells with round to oval nuclei. The cytoplasm of the cells was variable

in its degree of vacuolation. The tumor mass was encapsulated (Figure 3).

C. Rumen fibroma

The mean age of incidence of this neoplasm was 5.7 years, and it was

observed with greatest frequency in Holsteins.

This neoplasm was characterised microscopically by interlacing bundles

of fibroblasts and collagenous fibers. The cells were spindle shaped and

had large, pale, oval or elongated nuclei. There were focal and diffuse

accumulations of eosinOphils in some sections (Figure 4).

D. Lynphosarcoma

The mean age of incidence of this neoplasm was 6.3 years, and it was

observed with greatest frequency in Holsteins.

This seaplasm had the widest spectrum of tissue involvement (heart,

lung, kidney, liver, spleen, uterus, spinal cord, and lymph node). The

lymph node involvement included internal iliac, prescepular, supremasmsry,

10

Figure 3. Photomicrograph of an adrenal cortical

adenoma. Note the connective tissue capsule at upper

left. Hemetoaylin and eosin. x75.

Figure 4. Photomicrograph of a rmen fibrua. The

focal accumulations of cells consist primarily of eosino-

phils. Hematoxylin and eosin. x75.

ll

renal, mesenteric, mediastinal, atlantal, and retropharyngeal.

Microscopicelly this neoplasm was characterised by cells which were

irregularly spherical in shape. The eccentrically placed nucleus was

surrounded by a scanty amount of cytOplasm. The nucleus contained an

abundance of granular chromatin which in many cases obscured the nucleoli.

Pleomorphism and mitotic figures were frequent 1y observed. The normal

architecture of organs was disrupted by the infiltrating cells of this

neoplasm (Figure 5).

E . Adenocarcinoma

The mean age of incidence of this neoplasm in cattle was 6.7 years,

and it was observed with greatest frequency in Nerefords.

This neoplasm in cattle involved the lungs, kidney, abomssum, ovary,

liver, and bronchial and sublmbar lymph nodes.

Microscopically this aseplasm was characterised by large polyhedral

columnar or cuboidal cells forming acini or ducts. There were frequent

mitotic figures, and the nuclei were hyperchromstic. These anaplestic

cells often penetrated through the basement membranes and infiltrated

surrounding connective tissue (Figure 6).

The 2 neoplasms submitted from swine were in this classification,

and both were from animals under 1 year of age.

F. Grenulosa cell tumor

The mean age of incidence of this neoplasm was 7.1 years, and it was

observed with greatest frequency in Herefords.

Microscopicelly this neoplasm was characterised by round or oval

cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and round or oval hyperchromstic nuclei.

12

/ . ' ' i7!'1.2-«1 $10:27 . L . '4' a e:

m‘ 1"mm 20‘

Figure 5. Photomicrographof a lymphosarcoma. There

are several mitotic figures (arrow). :Eematoxylin and

eosin. x750.

Figure 6. Photomicrograph of an adenocarcinoma of

the kidney. Note the pleomorphic cells and mitotic fig-

ures (arrow). Renatoxylin and eosin. x187.5.

13

The cells were arranged into follicular structures with papillary projec-

tions into the lumina or solid sheets filling the lumine (Figure 7).

G. Miscellaneous

The miscellaneous neoplasms were classified as follows: pheochruo-

cytom 4, undifferentiated carcinoma 2, reticulum cell sarcoma 2, leiasyoms

2, hepatic cell carcinoma 1, adrenal cortical carcinoma 1, and hemsngio-

pericytoma l.

l4

Figure 7. Photomicrograph of a granulosa cell tumor.

Nematoxylin and eosin. xl87.5.

Figure 8. Photomicrograph of an hemangiopericytoms.

Note erythrocytes within a blood vessel. Hematosylin and

eosin. x750.

DISCUSSIN

This study generally confirmed the findings ofiMsulton (1961), Nair

and Sestry (1953) and Plum-er (1951) in establishing the peak age of

tumor incidence in cattle as between 5 and 13 years.

Neurofibraaas were the most frequent 1y encountered neoplasm in _

cattle, comprising 25.91 of the total diagnosed. These findings concur

‘with Mbnlux, Anderson.and Davis (1956) but do not agree'with the findings

of Nair and Sastry (1953),Cotchin (1960) and Flu-er (1956). Most of

the neurofibromas were multiple and involved the heart, brachial plexus,

and intercestal nerves. The large-number of Herefords involved may indi-

cate a breed predisposition, but this would require further study to be

substantiated.

The classification of neoplasms involving the adrenal gland was the

most challenging. They were the most difficult to diagnose because of

the variation in cell type, necrosis, cyst formations and extensive hemor-

rhage. The problem was further complicated by the lack of clear-cut

criteria for differentiation between cell types. Jubb and Kennedy (1963)

stated that positive identification of pleomorphic cells of the adrenal -

gland could only be accusplished by special stains.

The diffuse and focal accumulations of eosinophils in several sections

of rumen fibromas*were certainly the most unusual lesions Observed. Easine-

phils were not noted in sections of normal rumen. Uvnas (1964) reported

that mast cells will degranulate and release histamine under proper stimu-

lation, are vulnerable to a variety of stimuli, and are located in

15

16

connective tissue in close association with blood vessels. Archer (1963)

demonstrated that histamine has a chemotactic effect on eosinOphils and

that eosinophils accumulate in sites of histamine release. Archer (1965) _

and Litt (1964) observed eosinophils in sites of antigen-antibody reaction,

and Archer (1963) reported their presence in sites of parasitic invasion.

It is evident that something has triggered this eosinophilic response.

More study of‘this neoplastic condition is indicated to rule out foreign

body or parasitic etiology.

The sites most frequently involved in the aforementioned neoplasms

could have been overlooked during the course of routine post-mortem examina-

tions, thus accounting for the low incidence of these neoplasms in

earlier surveys.

Carcasses of animals affectedwith lymphosarcoms are unsuitable for

human consumption because of this neoplasm'a highly invasive nature,

tendency toward metastasis, and wide spectrum of tissue involvement.

m... were 3946 cattle condemned for this condition in fiscal year 1964

in federally inspected abattoirs in the United States.

The adenocarcinomas which involved the abomasumu were considered pri-

mary with metastasis to the gastric lymph node and liver. The lesions

of the kidney and ovary were also considered primary. The lesions in the

lungs and lymph nodes were considered metastatic. The disposition of

carcasses affected with adenocarcinoma is not universal and is dependent

upon the degree of involvement, evidence of metastasis and systemic changes.

Moulton (1961) and Jubb and Kennedy ”(1958) considered the hemengio-

pericytoma a rarity in cattle. Smith and Jones (1963) reported that the

tumor was always subcutaneous. The 1 hemangiOpericytoma diagnosed in

17

this study involved the heart and lungs and was diagnosed grossly as a

neurofibroma (Figure 8).

The value of histopathological examination of tuanorous conditions as

an adjunct to gross inspection has been well established. It has given the

veterinarian engaged in meat inspection some insight as to the types of

neoplastic conditions most often encountered as well as the sites most

frequently involved. Microscopic examination has been necessary to dis-

tinguish neoplasia fran granulomstous conditions and to differentiate

between neoplastic conditions whose gross characteristics are

indist inguishab1e .

SMARY

The purpose of this study was to microscopically classify tuors

submitted from federally inspected abattoirs in the State of Michigan

fras November 1, 1964, to October 31, 1965. There were 184 tissue

specimens examined from 116,410 cattle and 413,797 swine slaughtered

during this period. Fran this nmber of specimens 170 were neoplastic

and 14 were non-neoplastic.

MicroscOpically the tumors were classified as neurofibronas 25.92

(44), adrenal cortical adencna 21.81 (37), runen fibromas 18.21 (31),

lthosarcomas 15.91 (27), adenocarcinomas 5.91 (10), granulosa cell

tumors 4.71 (8) and miscellaneous 7.62 (13).

The mean age of incidence for animals with neoplasia was 6.1 years.

The mean age of incidence for animals with neurofibraaa was 6.0 years,

adrenal cortical adenoma 6.3 years, rumen fibrma 5.7 years, lympho-

sarcoma 6.3 years, adenocarcinoma 6.7 years, and granulosa cell tumor

7.0 years.

Neoplastic tissues were submitted from 68 Herefords, 60 Holsteins,

13 Angus', and 6 Guernseys. The breed was not specified for 23 of the

“mus

18

LIST OF REFERENCES

Archer, R. K. (1963) The Eosinophil leukocytes. Blackwell Scientific

Publications, Oxford.

Archer, R. K. (1965) On the functions of eosinophils in the antigen-

antibody reaction. Brit. J. Easmat., .23 123-129.

Brandly, P. J. and Higaki, G. (1963) Types of tumors found by federal

meat inspectors in an eight-year survey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.,

108, 3: 872-879.

Cotchin, E. (1958) Neoplasia in domestic animals: A subject for study

in practice, abattoir, and laboratory. Vet. Red., 70, 38: 752-

755.

Cotchin, E. (1960) Tumours of farm animals: A survey of tumours

examined at the Royal Veterinary College, London, during 1950-60.

Vet. Rec., 72, 40: 816-822 and 823.

Davis, C. L., Leeper, R. B. and Shelton, J. E. (1933) Neoplasms encoun-

tered-in federally inspected establishments in Denver, Colorado.

J.A.V.H.A. , ’ 83: 229-237.

Jubb, K. V. P. and Kennedy, P. C. (1963) Pathology of Domestic Animals.

Academic Press, New York and London.

Litt, M. (1964) Eosinophils and antigen-antibody reaction. Ann. N. Y.

Acad. Sci., 116: 964-985.

Meat Inspection Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. (1964)

Smary of Activities. 93, 2, 8: 11.

Monlux, A. W., Anderson, W. A. and Davis, C. L. (1956) A survey of

tumors occurring in cattle, sheep and swine. Am. J. Vet. Res..

17, 65: 646-677.

Moulton, J. E. (1961) Tumors in Domestic Animals. Univ. of Calif.

Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.

Moulton, J. E. (1963) Occurrence and types of tumors in large dmstic

animals. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 108, 3: 620-632.

Nair, K. P. C. and Sastry, G. A. (1953) A survey of animal neoplasms

in the Madras State. I. Bovine. Indian Vet., 30, 3: 325-333.

19

20

Nobel, T. A. and Neumann, F. (1960) Survey of animal ne0p1asms in

Israel: 1954-1959. Refuah Vet., 17: 39-37 (English).

Planer, P. J. G. (1951) A survey of sixty tumours from domesticated

animals. Can. J. Comp. Med., 15, 10: 231-252.

Planner, P. J. G. (1956) A survey of six hundred and thirty six tumours

from domesticated animals. Can. J. Cup. ltd” 20, 7: 239-251.

Reisinger, R. C. (1963) Epizootiology of spontaneous cancer in cattle

with particular reference to malignant lymphan. Ann. N. Y.

Acad. Sci., 108, 3: 855-871.

Smith, R. A. and Jones, T. C. (1963) Veterinary Pathology. Lea and

Pebiger, Philadelphia. ‘

Uvngs, B. (1964) Release process in mast cells and their activation by

injury. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 116: 880-898.

VITA

The author was born in New York, New York, on October 5, 1928. He

received his primary and secondary education in the City of New York.

After graduation from the Straubenmllller Textile High School in 1946,

he continued his education at Lincoln University, Pennsylvania. He

received an A.B. degree in June of 1951, with a major in biology and a

minor in psychology. Between August 24, 1951, and- Key 12, 1953, he

served in the Army as a Senior Aid Man in a Batallion Aid Station of

the 23rd Regiment of the Second Infantry Division in Korea. During his

Army stint, he was the recipient of the Korean Service Hedal with 3

bronze service stars, the United Nations Service Medal, and the Combat

Medical Badge.

The author attended the Universit‘ de Paris - Faculte de Hedecine,

Paris, France, briefly but was forced to withdraw because his training

was not covered by the Korean GI Bill of Rights.

He entered the School of Veterinary Medicine at Tuskegee Institute,

Alabama, in September, 1954, and was Institute Scholar in Veterinary

Medicine for 1955-1956. He was elected to the Honor Roll in 1956 and

served as Treasurer of the student chapter, A.V.H.A., and Delegate to

the A.V.M.A. convention in 1957.

He received his D.V.M. degree in May of 1958 and entered the Meat

Inspection Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. In June of

1964 he was assigned to Michigan State University under the U.S.D.A.

Graduate Training Program. The incumbent in this program serves as

22

lecturer in the Department of Surgery and Medicine, inspects all animals

slaughtered for food in the Hbats Laboratory, and takes graduate courses.

During 1966 he was elected to the Society of Phi Zeta and was presented

the NQS.U. Veterinarian "Outstanding Teacher Award" by the senior class.

He is a.mmmber of the American Veterinary Medical Association and

the National Association of Federal Veterinarians.

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