Slide 1

By Chelsey Kline

Slide 2

Ethical Issues for Safety and Security Digital Divide Legal Use of Media

Slide 3

Social Networking Acceptable Use Policies Netiquette Cyber Bullying Students Data Internet Privacy

Slide 4

Definition Social networking is the group of individuals into specific groups. Issues Correlated to cyber-bullying, online predication, and school violence through harassments and threats. Issues of privacy, personal information is accessible Limits face-to-face communication

Slide 5

Benefits Allows students to connect with other individuals who share the same interests Staff communication and professional development. Harness educational value Re-examine social networking policies (may hold some unrecognized benefits). Encourage social networking companies to increase educational value.

Slide 6

Recommendations Use social networking within schools, but as a means of educational and academic enhancements. Make clear policies discussing the limitations of social networking, as well as there subsequent consequences for misconduct. Schools hold the power to block social networking sites from being accessed by students and teachers through school computers if they deem necessary.

Slide 7

Definition Guidelines for proper technology use for both students and teachers Components of AUPs Purpose Defines limits, deems educational use Terms and Conditions Defines what is acceptable and what is not Privileges of Use Provide disciplinary rules Agreements and Consents Signatures and resources

Slide 8

Enforcement Adult Supervision Consistent and Fair Enforcement Issues Minors access Safety and Security of Minors Unauthorized Access Preventing Unauthorized Disclosure Restricting Minors Access to Harmful Material Public Disclosure

Slide 9

Presentation on Issues http://www.portical.org/Presentations/Barnett/a up/62706/index.html http://www.portical.org/Presentations/Barnett/a up/62706/index.html Recommendations Send home written forms to be signed by both parents and students. Make disciplinary actions well-known and recognized throughout the school. Constantly supervise students use of both computers and the internet.

Slide 10

Definition The term netiquette derives from the words network and etiquette. It is a reference to using good manners when interacting with others through the internet. Basic Guidelines (Examples) Always include a subject in an e-mail Typing words in capitals is considered to be shouting Do not send an e-mail that someone else wrote without their consent Safety guidelines for e-mails (do not include personal information) Issues Behavior Appropriate manners on the internet

Slide 11

Recommendations Educate students on the proper netiquette when they are using the internet. Have the students complete interactive simulations with varying situations regarding netiquette. Have posters or other materials posted regarding appropriate netiquette.

Slide 12

Definition The use of any technological means of communication, such as email, text messaging, websites, or discussion forums, to intentionally hurt, defame, or intimidate another (Hejja). Information Both males and females are equally as likely to participate in cyber bullying. Motivation for cyber bullying includes feeling a sense of power over the victim and the general idea of anonymity. Cell phones are increasingly being used for cyber bullying.

Slide 13

Types Flaming Harassment Denigration Impersonation Outing and Trickery Exclusion Cyber Stalking Issues Suicide School Violence School Avoidance School Failure

Slide 14

Recommendations Define a clear anti-harassment policy that includes unacceptable terms of use and there subsequent consequences. Make it known that student use of technology will be monitored throughout the school. If approved, allow for individual searches for students suspected of misconduct. Make it known that no one is truly anonymous on the Internet, and they can easily be tracked through IP addresses. For at home use, new software has been developed to protect children from instances of cyber-bullying. Survey students for instances of cyber bullying.

Slide 15

Definition Student data is a collection of information pertaining to individual students, which can be stored electronically or manually. Issues Control of and access to information Privacy Misuse of data Collaboration of student data can be beneficial

Slide 16

Recommendations Make sure files and information are stored in an environment that is only accessible by those who need to access it. Implement personal passwords rather than a group-wide password. Make sure disciplinary actions exist for individuals who wrongly share student information.

Slide 17

Definition: The ability to control what information one shares over the internet, as well as who is able to access that information Issues Websites give out personal information and details Posting student information can be accessed by anyone Anonymity issues (Cyber Bullying)

Slide 18

Issues Is it ethically right to allow users to use the Internet with a fake or an anonymous identity? While it caters to the privacy needs of some users, it may endanger the Internet usage for the others. Many users complain of being stalked by the anonymous users (Oak). Complete anonymity is not the intent of Internet privacy. It rather intends to achieve a controlled disclosure of ones personal information (Oak).

Slide 19

Recommendations When students names are posted on a website, the last name should not be included or the students name should not be listed at all. When posting students photographs, permission forms should be sent home to parents. School or classroom WebPages should post information that is relevant to the school and not provide personal information of individuals that could be accessed by the wrong people. Students should be taught how to find material that is relevant and how to identify fake opinions and fake users. Students should be repeatedly told never to disclose information over the internet.

Slide 20

Gender Socio-economic Race Resource Equity Teacher Bias

Slide 21

Definition Males are pre-dominantly more skilled at technology and take more interest in using it than females. Issues/Information Access to technology is not a determining factor Males are more likely to use computers and the Internet, while females are more likely to use SMS devices such as cell phones Males use technology for instrumental purposes, while females use technology for emotional purposes.

Slide 22

Issues/Information Females use the internet for research and academic purposes, while males use it for games and entertainment. Stereotypes Games marketed for males

Slide 23

Recommendations Give females additional time to use computers and the Internet. Avoid partnering males with females during computer research assignments. Try to find software programs and games that are oriented towards female interests.

Slide 24

Definition Students with lower income families are unable to receive access to computers and the Internet, and therefore are detrimentally impacted from lack of experience. Socio-economic barriers in the digital divide include a lack of general acknowledgement of technologys growing importance, a lack of acceptance of technology and a lack of resources-maintenance, use, and effectiveness for poorer schools and families (Socio- Economic Barriers).

Slide 25

Issue Individuals with less income are unable to provide the technology or access to resources due to their financial situations, causing some students to not have access to beneficial online materials.

Slide 26

Recommendations Start an after-school program, where the teacher books the schools computer lab after school for 1 or 2 hours to allow children that dont have access to a computer or the internet at home to be able to use a computer for any homework or research. In a lower SES school, have a school wide fund-raiser to raise money to enable the school to get computers in the classroom. Create a class through a joint effort with the local public library that encourages parents and students to come to learn how to access the Internet and how to use different software, to further encourage them to use the material outside the classroom through public access.

Slide 27

Definition Ethnicities and minorities have limited access to technology resources, causing them to fall behind in the digitalized world. Issues/Information Estimates from the CPS indicate that Mexican- Americans are roughly one-half as likely to own a computer and one-fourth as likely to use the Internet at home than are whites. The black home computer rate is 58 percent of the white rate and the black home Internet use rate is 46 percent of the white rate (Fairlie).

Slide 28

Issues/Information Gap is not caused by financial situations of schools Language barriers have been linked to issues relating to the digital divide. One of the issues with this divide is that the internet and technology is becoming so heavily depended upon in the work force and throughout the world, that non-white ethnic groups arent being provided the training and information they need in order to succeed.

Slide 29

Recommendations Provide programs for students in their native language if possible. ELL students will be more exposed to technology and the benefits. Give a high priority recommendation to students who are non-white. Set aside time for them to become acclimated to technology. Partner students together so that they will become exposed to the computer and internet. Place two students with differentiating ethnicities besides white to encourage them to learn.

Slide 30

Definition Schools and areas with lower financial resources are unable to provide the resources for their students to learn, creating a gap in the digital revolution. Issues/Information Schools with lower finances are unable to afford the computers and technology needed to expose their students to the process. This limits the students success in the future. The world is dependent upon technology in modern times, and lack of exposure to that could affect students success in the future.

Slide 31

Issues/Information Internationally recognized issue Major barrier is economic Populations residing in poor areas or in households of low income may be unable to gain access to information because of the inability to purchase the required equipment, Internet provider service or other necessary resources. This places a special responsibility on libraries to provide access for these communities. It is the position of the library community that such economic impediments be minimized (MLA Intellectual Freedom Manual).

Slide 32

Recommendations Create a program partnering the school with the library in allowing families and students to come and learn the basics of computers and the Internet. Work with the school and community to find a sponsor to provide the school with computers for student usage. Have a fundraiser to raise money to acquire computers for the classrooms.

Slide 33

Definition: Students are receiving different information from different teachers Issues/Information Teachers must be advocates of technology in the classroom Teachers should considering all aspects of diversity Teachers should include unbiased forms of media and presentations in classroom activities Teachers should bring technology to all students

Slide 34

Issues/Information The idea of teacher bias is that teacher either encourage or dont encourage the use of technology, and the students are dependent on the actions of the teachers. In turn, teacher who does encourage technology may pursue certain programs, creating a bias for students.

Slide 35

Recommendations Teachers should create presentations that address diverse learning styles and apply to students of all technologic levels of education. Teachers should try and focus on the weaknesses of other teachers so they can provide their students exposure to the areas where experience is lacking. Have a meeting with all teachers and have everyone offer suggestions in terms of technology and software programs to use. Also, teachers could take into account suggestions from the community so the students receive a diverse education using a variety of technology.

Slide 36

Copyright Fair Use Creative Commons

Slide 37

Definition Protection for the expression of an individuals ideas Issues/Information Important ideas to remember about copyright are that copyright laws are subject to ongoing interpretation and that Congress can and has changed copyright laws frequently over the years. It is a teachers responsibility to understand that technology is constantly changing, which sometimes allows teachers to violate copyright laws.

Slide 38

Issues/Information Why abuse happens? Ignorance and misperceptions Fair use Amount of information on the internet Ease and convenience of copying Difficulty and cost of obtaining copyright permission Copyright complexity

Slide 39

Recommendations Provide teachers with information pertaining to copyright laws Schools need to designate a copyright expert. There should be an individual who knows the copyright laws and can readily assist the other teachers when needed. Have a school budget that allows necessary materials to be purchased Many clear the rules and regulations of copyright for students, and encourage them to ask for assistance if they are not sure.

Slide 40

Definition: Fair use is the right to use copyrighted material without permission or payment under some circumstances. Issues/Information Many publications dont clearly outline their fair use policies in their copyrights, which makes it difficult for some teachers.

Slide 41

Recommendations Have conferences or professional development to help teachers learn how to read fair use policies for varying media. Develop a resource book of various media that has already been deemed fair use for teachers to access. Have a knowledgeable individual for teachers to ask for assistance who is well-educated on fair use policies.

Slide 42

Definition Resources that are freely accessible Resources that students and teachers can legally copy, modify, and reuse. Issues/Information Why does it matter? - teach in resource-rich environment Creative works have been revolutionized by digital media

Slide 43

Presentation http://www.slideshare.net/markwoolley/creative -commons-in-our-schools http://www.slideshare.net/markwoolley/creative -commons-in-our-schools Recommendations There are creative commons search engines available for use. Introduce students and teachers alike to the idea of creative commons. Create a resource book full of creative commons ideas for teachers to access.

Slide 44

What conclusions can we draw? Roll your mouse over the computer to find out.

Slide 45

Key factors in resolving issues Communication Education Consideration All of these issues can be resolved if individuals communicate with one another, are educated, and consider the consequences of their actions if they misuse resources.

Slide 46

Lynch, Margaret (2003). Ethical Issues in Electronic Information Systems. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from University of Colorado/Boulder. Website: http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/ethics/ethics_f.html http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/ethics/ethics_f.html Hejja, Caroline (2007). Cyber Bullying. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from Broward Country Public Schools, Florida. Website: http://www.broward.k12.fl.us/STUDENTSUPPORT/psychologicalservices/pdf/Cyb erbullying.pdf http://www.broward.k12.fl.us/STUDENTSUPPORT/psychologicalservices/pdf/Cyb erbullying.pdf Oak, Manali (2008). Ethical Issues of Internet Privacy. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from Buzzle, Inc.. Website: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ethical-issues-of- internet-privacy.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/ethical-issues-of- internet-privacy.html Markkula Center for Applied Ethics (2009). Unavoidable Ethical Questions about Social Networking. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from Santa Clara University. Website: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/social-networking.html http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/social-networking.html

Slide 47

Broache, Anne (2007). Bill would ban social-networking sites in Illinois public schools, libraries. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from CNet News. Website: http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-6159346-7.html http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-6159346-7.html Address Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from Anilogic. Website: http://www.cited.org/index.aspx?page_id=60&current_level=0&mf_value0=79&mf_id0= 2 CREATING & CONNECTING//Research and Guidelines on Online Social and Educational Networking. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from National School Boards Association. Website: http://www.nsba.org/site/docs/41400/41340.pdfhttp://www.nsba.org/site/docs/41400/41340.pdf Safe Guidance. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from European Schoolnet. Website: http://dotsafe.eun.org/www.eun.org/eun.org2/eun/en/ds_main_/content2459.html http://dotsafe.eun.org/www.eun.org/eun.org2/eun/en/ds_main_/content2459.html Fairlie, Robert (2004). Race and the Digital Divide. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from University of California. Website: http://www2.ucsc.edu/cjtc/docs/r_digitaldivide9.pdf

Slide 48

Equity of Access and the Digital Divide. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from the MLA Intellectual Freedom Manual. Website: https://www.mdlib.org/divisions/ifap/manual/equityaccess.pdf https://www.mdlib.org/divisions/ifap/manual/equityaccess.pdf Digital Divide. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from The Middle Row. Website: http://themiddlerow.wikispaces.com/Digital+Divide Copyright & Fair Use in Teaching. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from Center for Social Media. Website: http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/resources/fair_use_and_teaching/ http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/resources/fair_use_and_teaching/ (2006). Socio-Economic Barriers. Retrieved December 16, 2009 from e-Divide. Website: http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00036/en/text/sindex.html http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00036/en/text/sindex.html