By: Cindy Quisenberry

• Skin• Hair• Nails• Sweat (apocrine and eccrine) and Sebaceous

Glands

• Sebaceous (oil) Glands - secrete sebum, which is emptied into the hair follicles. Sebum prevents the skin and hair from becoming dry. Sebum is somewhat bacteriostatic and consists mainly of lipids

• Apocrine Glands – are located in the axillae, breast areolae, umbilical, and anogenital areas, external auditory canals, and eyelids

• Eccrine Glands – these glands are distributed over the body, except the lips; cool the body

• Protects the body: – From injury– From the intrusion of harmful microorganisms– From ultraviolet rays of the sun

• Regulates the body’s temperature.• Excretes some of the body’s waste materials

(perspiration).• Includes the body’s sensors for pain and

sensation (important sensory organ).• Storage – storage of fat, water, etc.• Absorption – transdermal medications, UV light

for Vitamin D

Name the three parts, or layers, of the skin.

Name the three parts, or layers, of the skin.

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

• Melanin – A brownish black pigment is produced in the epidermis by specialized cells called melanocytes

• Albino – Absence of color pigments• Erythema – a reddish color of the skin that can

be caused by either burns or a congestion of blood in the vessels

• Jaundice – a yellow discoloration of the skin• Cyanosis - ?

Types of Syringes•TB Syringe (1 ml)•Insulin Syringe (measures in units)•3 ml Syringe•5 ml Syringe•10 ml Syringe•20ml Syringe•50 ml Syringe•60 ml Syringe•Luer Lock Syringe•Slip Tip Syringe•Catheter Tip Syringe

• Barrel (non-sterile)• Flange on the Barrel (non-sterile)• Plunger (rubber portion and the shaft are

sterile)• Flange on the Plunger (non-sterile)• Syringe Tip (Needle Attachment – sterile)• Calibrated Scales – markings vary from 0.01 on

1 ml syringe to 0.2 ml on 3-5 ml syringe; insulin syringes measure in units (1 or 2 units) always check the calibrated scale

• Gauges (diameter)• 14-28 gauge

• Length (how long the needle is)• ¼ inch – 3 inch

•Lumen – hollow cavity inside the needle

•Bevel – cutting edge of the needle

•Hub – point of attachment to the syringe

•Cannula (Shaft) – needle length

•Cap – Protective cover

Barrel Plunger

FlangeFlangeRubber tip

HubShaft/Cannula

Lumen Shaft

Bevel

Tip

1. The Needle must never touch anything which isn't sterile.

2. The barrel tip of the syringe should also not touch anything except the needle's hub end. (this could contaminate the entire interior of the barrel)

3. The rubber plunger should not be touched.

4. The area of the plunger that extends into the barrel should also be avoided.

So, that leaves just the outer barrel, the finger flange, and the thumb tip of the plunger.

• Macule – Flat spots on the skin, such as freckles

• Papule – Firm, raised area such as pimples and the eruptions seen in some stages of chicken pox and syphilis

• Vesicle – blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, suc as those seen in chickenpox and shingles

• Pustule – pus-filled sac such as those seen in acne

• Crust – areas of dried blood, pus, commonly seen in scabs

• Wheal – itchy, elevated area with an irregular shape; hives, insect bites

• Ulcer – deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis; may cause periodic bleeding and the formation of scars