By Cindy Wider Art educator, art curricula designer, award-winning gallery-

represented artist, and author of Paint in Your Pyjamas

Q06 INTERMEDIATE: PLACES & THINGS Most drawing subjects can be rendered to appear

three-dimensional with only five values plus white. This project takes you through the process of

successfully drawing a three dimensional cylinder.

This project is divided into the following three sections:

INTRODUCTION: You are introduced to the light and shade theory for successfully rendering a three dimensional cylinder based on five values plus white, and provided with a list of supplies needed to complete this project.

OUTLINING A CYLINDER: You accurately measure and draw the outlines of a cylindrical shape in preparation for shading.

ADDING SHADING: You use HB, 2B, and 4B pencils to add shading to create the illusion of a three dimensional object on a flat sheet of paper.

7 PAGES – 10 ILLUSTRATIONS This lesson is recommended for artists with basic drawing skills, as well as students of home schooling,

academic and recreational fine art educators.

Published by Hoddinott Publishing for Drawspace.com, Halifax, NS, Canada – 2008

Copyright to all intellectual property, articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this document belong to Cindy Wider and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider. Copyright to this lesson in its current format belongs to Hoddinott Publishing, and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes

whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider (E-mail cindy@stuartcindy.com) and Brenda Hoddinott (E-mail brenda@drawspace.com) Web site http://www.drawspace.com

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TTIIPP!! Refer to Lesson G06 Beginner: Creating a

Value Scale before you begin this lesson.

Figure 601

Figure 602

ARTSPEAK Shading (noun) refers to the various values within a drawing that make images appear three-dimensional; (verb) the process of adding values to a drawing so as to create the illusion of texture, form and/or three-dimensional space.

INTRODUCTION This section introduces you to the light and shade theory for successfully rendering a three dimensional cylinder based on five values plus white. First of all, revisit the value scale you created in Lesson G06 Beginner: Creating a Value Scale (Refer to Figure 601).

Examine the completed drawing in Figure 602 to get an idea of your goal in this lesson. Only five values (plus white) are used to create the illusion of three-dimensions.

You need the following supplies (or reasonable substitutes):

Pencil sharpener

Hard plastic (or vinyl) eraser

Putty (or kneaded) eraser

HB, 2B and 4B grades of graphite pencils

Fine sandpaper or a sandpaper block

Soft, dry, and clean mopping brush for clearing away eraser crumbs

Glad bake or scrap paper (to place under hand and protect your drawing surface from smudges)

Inexpensive A4 bond paper (or printer paper) for practicing shading

Good quality drawing paper for shading the value scale

Ruler (clear plastic – not colored)

Copyright to all intellectual property, articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this document belong to Cindy Wider and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider. Copyright to this lesson in its current format belongs to Hoddinott Publishing, and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes

whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider (E-mail cindy@stuartcindy.com) and Brenda Hoddinott (E-mail brenda@drawspace.com) Web site http://www.drawspace.com

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ARTSPEAK Graphite is a soft black form of opaque carbon found in nature, often mixed with clay in the manufacture of graphite pencils. Tones (also called values) are the different shades of gray created when you draw by varying the pressure used in holding various grades of pencils. Grade refers to the softness or hardness of the mixture used in the manufacture of graphite and other drawing media. Symmetry is a balanced arrangement (sometimes referred to as a mirror image) of lines and shapes on opposite sides of an often-imaginary centerline.

Figure 603

OUTLINING A CYLINDER In this section you accurately measure and draw the outlines of a cylindrical shape in preparation for shading. Use plain bond paper for this initial drawing; once it’s complete, you transfer the image to better quality paper.

1) Draw a neat and accurately measured rectangle measuring 6 cm wide x 14.5 cm high as your drawing space (Figure 603) in the center of your page. The entire cylinder needs to fit inside this rectangle.

Feel free to make your rectangle proportionately larger. However, if (for example), you make the rectangle twice the size, you also need to double the other measurements.

2) Measure and draw a vertical line through the centre of this rectangle. This is a line of symmetry and is helpful for rendering both sides of your cylinder symmetrical.

3) Measure and mark the seven distances needed to accurately draw the upper and lower ellipses of the cylinder. My marks may not be in scale, so use your ruler to measure accurately.

4) Complete the outline of the cylinder as in Figures 604 to 606. Parallel lines at the top and bottom identify the width of the rims, and end 4.2 cm from the sides of the drawing space. The sides of the cylinder come in another 0.5 mm from the ends of the two top lines. The cylinder is just a rectangle at this stage, drawn within the larger outer rectangle (Figure 604).

Copyright to all intellectual property, articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this document belong to Cindy Wider and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider. Copyright to this lesson in its current format belongs to Hoddinott Publishing, and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes

whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider (E-mail cindy@stuartcindy.com) and Brenda Hoddinott (E-mail brenda@drawspace.com) Web site http://www.drawspace.com

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Figure 604

Figure 605

TTIIPP!! To transfer an image to new paper refer to Lesson J04

Intermediate: Transferring an Image

Look very carefully to see where the ellipses are placed (Figure 605). Notice that the top ellipses curve upward and are less curved than the bottom ones which are wider and curve down.

This is the correct perspective for a viewpoint where a person is standing looking at the object nearer to the top of the cylinder than the bottom.

5) Transfer your outline to a sheet of good quality paper. Using the graphite transfer technique, make sure you only rub the back of your drawing with a HB pencil so that your outline is very light.

In Figure 606, you can see the outline of the cylinder created by the transfer. My illustrations appear darker so you can clearly see the lines. Only the cylinder itself is transferred, so no guide lines are visible to spoil the shading.

Copyright to all intellectual property, articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this document belong to Cindy Wider and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider. Copyright to this lesson in its current format belongs to Hoddinott Publishing, and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes

whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider (E-mail cindy@stuartcindy.com) and Brenda Hoddinott (E-mail brenda@drawspace.com) Web site http://www.drawspace.com

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Figure 607

Figure 606

Figure 608

ADDING SHADING In this section, you use HB, 2B, and 4B pencils to add shading to create the illusion of a three dimensional object on a flat sheet of paper.

6) Using your HB pencil, shade the area shown in Figure 607, to a level two only. Continuously refer back to the completed cylinder in Figure 602.

7) Use various pencils to complete the shading of the cylinder, cast shadow, and background.

Refer to Figures 608 to 610. Remember, level one is to be left as the white of your page.

Have the value scale you created earlier alongside you as a guide to what levels of tones to use.

Concentrate on achieving the different levels of light and shade making sure that you place them correctly. Use a delicate shading technique and swap your pencils when necessary to avoid your page becoming too glossy. Use small circular motions, to help you achieve a smooth look.

Copyright to all intellectual property, articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this document belong to Cindy Wider and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider. Copyright to this lesson in its current format belongs to Hoddinott Publishing, and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes

whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider (E-mail cindy@stuartcindy.com) and Brenda Hoddinott (E-mail brenda@drawspace.com) Web site http://www.drawspace.com

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Figure 609

Figure 610

8) Touch up any sections of shading with which you are not completely happy. Use the drawings in Figure 609 and 610 as reminders of where to darken or lighten your drawing as needed.

Use your 2B and 4B pencils to build up the level 3, 4 and 5 areas. Use your 4B pencil and press quite firmly to build up all the level 6 areas.

Figure 609 shows your shading goals and the notes tell you where and why each tone is used.

Copyright to all intellectual property, articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this document belong to Cindy Wider and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider. Copyright to this lesson in its current format belongs to Hoddinott Publishing, and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes

whatsoever without the written permission of Cindy Wider (E-mail cindy@stuartcindy.com) and Brenda Hoddinott (E-mail brenda@drawspace.com) Web site http://www.drawspace.com

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Drawspace.com is proud to introduce

Cindy Wider Art educator, art curricula designer, award-winning gallery-represented artist, and author of Paint in Your Pyjamas

Cindy Wider currently resides in Noosa on the Sunshine Coast of Queensland, Australia with her husband Stuart, and daughters Isha and Sumaya.

Art philosophy I believe that almost everyone has the natural gifts needed for learning to draw and paint, and that art has the ability to heal and help us to reach our full human potential. Art is the missing language that can bridge the gap in communication when words are not enough. It is my life purpose to share my love of art, through inspiring and motivating others to realize their natural gifts for drawing and painting.

My passion for helping others to learn to draw and paint comes from the joy and excitement I experience through the process of creating art and my desire to share that feeling! I stumbled upon my natural gifts for art at the age of 23years and wished I had known about it sooner.

Professional accomplishments After ten years of serious art study Cindy went on to become one of her community’s leading artists with her artworks gracing the walls of many of the major hotels, corporate boardrooms and private homes as well as selling overseas. She began tutoring at the local Technical and Further Education College in 1988 and then went on to establish the largest on-going private art tuition school in Port Lincoln, then several years later in Noosa Queensland.

For many years Cindy worked as a part time freelance illustrator for the internationally renowned rubber stamp company, ‘Annaleey crafts.’ In 2005, along with her husband Stuart she was commissioned by the Microsoft Corporation to produce an original artwork for their Sydney headquarters, and limited edition prints for the annual corporate gift to their business associates.

You can view Cindy’s paintings at: http://www.thecoopergallery.com.au/wider/wider.htm

Paint in Your Pyjamas Have you been asking yourself, "Who am I and what do I really want out of life?” Perhaps you've been selflessly dedicating all your energy to your children or partner to help them fulfill their dreams and goals. Maybe you're working hard just to earn a living.

But now you feel the time has come to do something for yourself. If so, this book is just for you...

You can buy Cindy’s book, ‘Paint in Your Pyjamas – every Woman’s guide to finding your life purpose through art’ at:

http://www.paintinyourpyjamas.com/