BY Country Profile FINAL - EU-funded...

CountryProfile

BELARUS

December2015

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Disclaimer

Thecontentsof thisdocumentare thesole responsibilityof itsauthorsandcan innowaybetakentoreflecttheviewsoftheEuropeanUnion.

DraftingAuthors

MichaelElmquist,CivilProtectionKeyExpert

AntoninPetr,CapacityBuildingKeyExpert

PaoloCampanella,ERRAITExpert

PhilLangdale,HostNationSupportExpert

MarcoMassabò,DisasterLossDataExpert

DavideMiozzo,DisasterRiskManagementExpert

LucaMolini,FloodRiskManagementExpert

RobertoRudari,DisasterRiskPreventionExpert

CoordinationandEditing

SergejAnagnosti,TeamLeader

Acknowledgments

Thisdocumentwasmadepossiblethroughthehardworkandcollaborationofmanyprofessionalsbeginning with Svetlana Shotskaya, Head of the Sector of International Projects, Ministry ofEmergency Situation, and the PPRD East 2 National Programme Coordinator. We are hugelyindebtedtothefollowinginstitutionsandorganisations:

• MinistryofEmergencySituations:

o ResearchInstituteofFireSafetyandEmergencies

• MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentProtection

• MinistryofForestry

• MinistryofHousingandCommunalServices

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• MinistryofHealth

• MinistryofTransportsandCommunications:

o MonitoringCentreoftheTransportationInspection

• Republican Centre for Hydro-meteorology, Control of Radioactive Contamination andEnvironmentalMonitoring

• CentralResearchInstituteforComplexUseofWaterResources

• RepublicanUnitaryInsuranceCompany"Belgosstrakh"

• NationalStatisticalCommittee

• DepartmentofHealthoftheGrodnoOblastExecutiveCommittee

• Oshmjanicustomoffice

• BelarusianVoluntaryFire-FightingSociety

• BelarusianRedCross

WewouldalsoliketothankourcolleagueAndreiPinihin,PPRDEast2LocalCoordinatorinBelarus,who facilitated in-country missions, questionnaires’ dissemination, and information and datacollection.

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ListofContentListofContent.....................................................................................................................................................................................4Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................................................................71 ExecutiveSummary................................................................................................................................................................112 CivilProtectionprofile(updateoftheElectronicCivilProtectionOperationalGuidebook)........................13

2.1 Vulnerabilitytoman-madeanddisasterscausedbynaturalhazards.........................................................132.2 GeneralCountryInformation.....................................................................................................................................132.3 MapofBelarus................................................................................................................................................................172.4 FormofGovernment.....................................................................................................................................................172.5 NationalCivilProtectionSystem,MandateandOrganisation........................................................................182.6 OperativeInformation..................................................................................................................................................232.7 Agreements......................................................................................................................................................................242.8 InternationalAssistance...............................................................................................................................................252.9 ListofRelevantContacts..............................................................................................................................................30

3 ProgressmadeintheadoptionofrecommendationsprovidedwithinthePPRDEastProgrammePhase1 32

3.1 Legalframework.............................................................................................................................................................323.2 Institutionalframework...............................................................................................................................................363.3 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................................................37

4 FloodRiskManagementandapproximationtotheEUFloodsDirective............................................................394.1 Legalandinstitutionalframework............................................................................................................................394.2 Currentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellence.............................................................................................40

4.2.1 ScienceforPeaceandSecurityFloodMonitoringandForecastinPripyatRiverBasinProject(2009-2011).............................................................................................................................................................................40

4.2.2 FloodHazardandRiskAssessmentDevelopmentandimplementationofmethodologicalbasisoffloodriskassessmentinPripyatRiver(2013-2015,on-going).........................................................................41

4.2.3 LinkingSecurityandEnvironmentinBelarus–FloodRiskAssessmentandMonitoringinthePripyatBasin(2013-2015,on-going)..............................................................................................................................41

4.2.4 EnvironmentalProtectiononInternationalRiverBasinsProject(2014-2015,on-going).............41

4.2.5 FLOOD-WISEProjectonWesternBug(2010-2012)...................................................................................42

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4.3 FindingsandRecommendations...............................................................................................................................424.4 RoadMap..........................................................................................................................................................................44

5 DisasterRiskAssessment(DRA).........................................................................................................................................485.1 Legalandinstitutionalframework............................................................................................................................485.2 Currentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellence.............................................................................................485.3 FindingsandRecommendations...............................................................................................................................505.4 RoadMap..........................................................................................................................................................................51

6 DisasterLossDataCollectionandProcessing...............................................................................................................546.1 Legalandinstitutionalframework............................................................................................................................546.2 Currentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellence.............................................................................................546.3 FindingsandRecommendations...............................................................................................................................566.4 RoadMap..........................................................................................................................................................................58

7 InclusionofDisasterRiskReductioninPublicSpending...........................................................................................607.1 Legalandinstitutionalframework............................................................................................................................607.2 Currentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellence.............................................................................................617.3 FindingsandRecommendations...............................................................................................................................617.4 RoadMap..........................................................................................................................................................................63

8 HostNationSupport..............................................................................................................................................................658.1 Legalandinstitutionalframework............................................................................................................................658.2 Currentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellence.............................................................................................688.3 FindingsandRecommendations...............................................................................................................................688.4 RoadMap..........................................................................................................................................................................68

9 EUapproachtoVolunteerisminCivilProtection.........................................................................................................719.1 Legalandinstitutionalframework............................................................................................................................719.2 Currentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellence.............................................................................................749.3 FindingsandRecommendations...............................................................................................................................759.4 RoadMap..........................................................................................................................................................................76

10 RaisingAwarenessaboutDisasters................................................................................................................................7910.1 Legalandinstitutionalframework.........................................................................................................................7910.2 Currentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellence..........................................................................................7910.3 FindingsandRecommendations.............................................................................................................................8010.4 RoadMap........................................................................................................................................................................81

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11 DataandinformationsharingandINSPIREDirective..............................................................................................8311.1 Legalandinstitutionalframework.........................................................................................................................8311.2 Currentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellence..........................................................................................8311.3 FindingsandRecommendations.............................................................................................................................8411.4 RoadMap........................................................................................................................................................................84

12 ERRA..........................................................................................................................................................................................8912.1 Institutionalframework.............................................................................................................................................8912.2 CurrentstatusofInstallationsandUse................................................................................................................8912.3 FindingsandRecommendations.............................................................................................................................9012.4 RoadMap........................................................................................................................................................................91

13 Annexes....................................................................................................................................................................................94Annex1-HNSSOPtemplate

Annex2–ListofInterlocutors

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Abbreviations

ASEAN AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations

BIE BureauInternationaldesExpositions

BRC BelarusianRedCross

BSEC BlackSeaEconomicCooperation

CRICUWR CentralResearchInstituteforComplexUseofWaterResources

CEI CentralEuropeanInitiative

CIS CommonwealthofIndependentStates

CP CivilProtection

CSTO CollectiveSecurityTreatyOrganization

CTIF InternationalAssociationofFireandRescueService

DEZA SwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation

DLD DisasterLossData

DM DisasterManagement

DRA DisasterRiskAssessment

DRM DisasterRiskManagement

DRR DisasterRiskReduction

EaP EasternPartnership

EBRD EuropeanBankforReconstructionandDevelopment

EBU EuropeanBroadcastingUnion

ECLAC EconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

EEC EuropeanEconomicCommunity

ENPI EuropeanNeighbourhoodandPartnershipInstrument

ERRA ElectronicRegionalRiskAtlas

EU EuropeanUnion

EUFD EUFloodsDirective

EWS EarlyWarningSystem

FAO FoodandAgricultureOrganization

FHM FloodHazardMapping

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FRM FloodRiskMapping

FRMP FloodRiskManagementPlan

GDP GrossDomesticProduct

GIS GeographicInformationSystem

HFA HyogoFrameworkforAction

HNS HostNationSupport

HNSG HostNationSupportGuidelines

HMS Hydro-MeteorologicalService

IAEA InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency

IAPs IntelligentAccessPrograms

IBRD InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment

ICAO InternationalCivilAviationOrganization

ICDO InternationalCivilDefenseOrganisation

ICSID InternationalCentreforSettlementofInvestmentDisputes

ICT InformationandCommunicationTechnology

IFC InternationalFinanceCorporation

ILO InternationalLabourOrganization

IMF InternationalMonetaryFund

IMSO InternationalMobileSatelliteOrganization

INSARAG InternationalSearchandRescueAdvisoryGroup

IOM InternationalOrganizationonMigration

IPU Inter-ParliamentaryUnion

IR-ISDSS ImplementingRulesoninteroperabilityofspatialdatasetsandservices

ISO InternationalOrganizationforStandardization

ISO/TC211 InternationalOrganizationforStandardization/TechnicalCommitteeforgeographicinformationandgeomatics

IT InformationTechnology

ITU InternationalTelecommunicationUnion

JN JournalistNetwork

JRC JointResearchCentre

LHFV Largeand(or)HeavyFreightVehicles

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LIS LandInformationSystem

MIA MinistryofInternalAffairs

MIGA MultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgency

MES/MoES MinistryforEmergencySituations

MoE MinistryofEducation

MoF MinistryofFinance

MoFo MinistryofForestry

MoNREP MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalProtection

MoU MemorandumofUnderstanding

NAG NationalAdvisoryGroup

NATO NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization

NCCG NationalCentreforcartographicandgeodeticproductsanddata

NGO Non-GovernmentalOrganisation

NSDI NationalSpatialDataInfrastructure

NUTS NomenclatureofTerritorialUnitsforStatistics

OGC OpenGeospatialConsortium

OPCW OrganizationfortheProhibitionofChemicalWeapons

OSCE OrganizationforSecurityandCo-operationinEurope

PFRA PreliminaryFloodRiskAssessment

PPP Public-privatepartnership

PPRDEast2Programme

EU-fundedProgrammeforPrevention,PreparednessandResponsetoNaturalandMan-madeDisasterinEaPCountries

PuP Public-publicpartnership

RBMP RiverBasinManagementPlan

SDC SwissDevelopmentCooperationAgency

SDI SpatialDataInfrastructure

SoP(orSOP) StandardOperatingProcedure

SUEASM StateUnitaryEnterprisesofAerialandSpacemethodsinGeodesy

TOT TrainingofTrainers

TTX Table-TopExercise

UN UnitedNations

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UNCTAD UNConferenceonTradeandDevelopment

UNDP UNDevelopmentProgramme

UNECE UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEurope

UNEP UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme

UNESCO UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization

UNFPA UnitedNationsPopulationFund

UNHCR TheOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees

UNICEF UnitedNationsChildren’sFund

UNIDO UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization

UNISDR UnitedNationsInternationalStrategyforDisasterReduction

UNSCEAR UnitedNationsScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiation

UoM UnitofManagement

UPU UniversalPostalUnion

USRRE StateUnifiedRegisterofTaxpayers/Contributors

UTC CoordinatedUniversalTime

WB WorldBank

WCO WorldCustomsOrganisation

WFD WaterFrameworkDirective

WHO WorldHealthOrganisation

WIPO Worldintellectualpropertyorganization

WMO WorldMeteorologicalOrganisation

WTO Worldtradeorganization

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1 ExecutiveSummary

Worldwide natural hazards and man-made disasters are on the rise, often leading to loss of lives,displacementofpopulationsanddestructionsofcostly infrastructures.Thesedisasterscanhavedramaticnegativeeffectsontheeconomicgrowthofacountryandcancriticallyunderminetheregion’seffortsforsustainabledevelopment.Itisthereforeoftheupmostimportancethatrisksofdisastersaremitigatedandthatcountriesarebetterpreparedtodealwiththem–individuallyandcollectively.

TheEasternPartnershipFlagshipInitiativeonPrevention,PreparednessandResponsetoNaturalandMan-made Disasters (PPRD East) was launched in 2010 by the European Union to strengthen the countries’resilience, preparedness and response in addressing these challenges. With this regional initiative, theEuropean Union provides the six Eastern Partnership countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia,Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) with dedicated assistance to enhance legislative, administrative andoperational civil protection capacities as well as increase access to information on risk exposure andinvolvementofstakeholders.

The5.5millioneuroPhase2ofthePPRDEastProgrammehascommencedinDecember2014andthefirstyear of its implementation has been dedicated to the civil protection capacity building, and to theassessment of the current status of the civil protection and disaster riskmanagement in all six PartnerCountries with an aim to assist and support Partner Countries in their approximation to EU acquiscommunautaireandEUgoodpractiseinthefiledofcivilprotectionanddisasterriskmanagement.TheveryinitialmappingofPartnerCountriesneeds,prioritiesand interestshasbeenundertakenduring thebriefinitialfact-findingmissionsundertakentothePartnerCountriesinFebruary2015,tobefollowedwiththedetailed assessments done through the in-countrymissions, questionnaires and desktop analyses in theperiodApril-August2015.

The following presents the updated draft Country Profile based on information made available to theexpert team. It includes an assessment of national follow-up on PPRD East Programme Phase 1recommendationsaswellasofthefollowingPPRDEast2thematictopics:

1. FloodmanagementandapproximationtotheEUFloodsDirective

2. Disasterriskassessment

3. Disasterlossdatacollectionandprocessing

4. ERRA

5. Inclusionofdisasterriskreductioninpublicspending

6. HostNationSupport

7. EUapproachtovolunteerismincivilprotection

8. Raisingawarenessaboutdisasters

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9. DataandinformationsharingandINSPIREDirective

Inaddition,thecivilprotectionprofile,presentedintheElectronicCivilProtectionOperationalGuidebook,developed within the PPRD East Programme Phase 1, has been updated. Each Chapter includespresentation of the legal and institutional framework, current status of practice, findings andrecommendations, and the respective roadmapswith concrete suggestions on activities that should beimplementedintheforthcomingperiod.

DraftCountryProfilehasbeenpresented,discussedandvalidatedbytheNationalAdvisoryGroupatandafterthemeetingorganisedon24-26November2015inMinsk,Belarus.ThefollowingthematictopicshavebeenselectedtobeaddressedwithinthePPRDEast2Programme:

• HostNationSupport,

• CivilProtectionVolunteerism,and

• RaisingAwarenessaboutDisasters

For theother, in thisdocumentpresented topics, thePPRDEast2Programmewill assist theMinistryofEmergency Situations of Belarus and other national stakeholders in transforming here presented andacceptedrecommendationsandroadmapsintobankableprojectproposals.ThePPRDEast2willalsoassistallnationalstakeholdersinsearchingforandfindingthemostsuitableadditionalEUassistanceinstrumentand/orthemostsuitableexternalbilateraland/ormultilateralfundingmechanism.

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2 CivilProtectionprofile(updateoftheElectronicCivilProtectionOperationalGuidebook)

2.1 Vulnerabilitytoman-madeanddisasterscausedbynaturalhazards

Territory of Belarus is prone to a variety of natural hazards, like floods, wild forest and peat fires, andstrongwinds.

Besidesthenaturaldisasters,aspecialchapterinthehistoryofBelarusistheaccidentthatoccurredattheChernobylNuclearPowerPlant(Ukraine)onApril26,1986,resultinginwide-rangingirreparabledamagetothehumanpopulationinanumberofregionswithinthebordersofBelarus,RussiaandUkraine.

2.2 GeneralCountryInformation

FLAG

ThestateflagoftheRepublicofBelarusisasymbolofstatesovereigntyoftheRepublic of Belarus; it is a rectangular width of cloth consisting of twohorizontal colour stripes: top – of red colour,width - 2/3 of flagwidth andbottom – of green colour, width - 1/3 of flag width.The Belorussian national ornamental design is vertical near the staff of theflag;suchornamentaldesign isredonwhitebackground, it is1/9oftheflaglength.Ratioofflagwidthtoitslengthis1:2.Theflagismountedonthestaff(flagpole), which is painted in goldish (ochre) colour.DuringceremoniesandotherceremonialeventstheStateflagoftheRepublicof Belarus is usedwith diamond-shaped ferrule (tip) representing five-pointstarsimilarlytothesameoneontheStateemblemoftheRepublicofBelarus.Ferrules(tips)aremadeofyellowmetal.

BASICCOUNTRYINFORMATION

HeadofState PresidentAleksandrLUKASHENKO(since20July1994)

HeadofGovernment PrimeministerAndreiKobyakov(since27December2014)

Capital Minsk–population1,938,300.Geographiccoordinates:5354N,27

Basic country information validated on 30 July 2015 by Ms Svetlana Shotskaya, InternationalCooperation Department,Ministry of Emergency Situations and PPRD East 2 National ProgrammeCoordinator,andtheNationalAdvisoryGroupatthemeetingheldon24-26November2015.

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34E.Timedifference:UTC+2

Population 9,480,900(asofJanuary2015)

Area Total:207,600sqkm;42%oftheBelarusianterritory isagriculturalland, 39% is occupied by forests, 2% — lakes and rivers, 17% —otherlands

GDP/Capita(PPP) $17,620(SourceIMF,asof01October2014)

Membershipofinternationalorganisations

CIS,UnionStateofBelarusandRussia, EurasianEconomicUnion,CSTO,UN,UNDP,UNEP,UNEEC,UNCTAD,UNFPA,UNICEF,UNSCEAR(observerstatus),IAEA,IOM,WTO(observerstatus),WCO,ISO,BIE,ОPCW,InternationalOfficeofEpizootics, InternationalWheatCouncil (observerstatus),OrganizationforCooperation of Railways, IMSO, INTELSAT, INTERSPUTNIK, IPU, CTBTOPreparatory Commission, CISM, UNHCR, NAM, IEC, UNESCO, WHO, WMO,FAO,WIPO, ILO,UNIDO,UPU, ITU, ICAO, IMF, IBRD, IFC,MIGA, ICSID, OSCE,EBRD,CEAP,EBU,EEC,CEI,CounciloftheBalticSeaStates(observerstatus),SCO(observerstatus),BSEC(observerstatus),ASEAN,AIPA(observerstatus)

Ethnicgroups Belarusian83.7%,Russian8.3%,Polish3.1%,Ukrainian1.7%,other3.2%(2009census)

Religions Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish,andMuslim)20%(1997est.)

Climate Belarus hasmoderate climate, withmild and humidwinters andwarm andhumidsummers.Averagetemperaturesin2014

January-(-7.00С),July-(+20.60С)

Location EasternEurope

Landboundaries intheNorth-West-withLithuania;

intheNorth-withLatviaandRussia;

intheNorth-EastandEast-withRussia;

intheSouth-withUkraine.

Total:3,306km

Bordercountries:Latvia171km,Lithuania680km,Poland605km,Russia959km,Ukraine891km

Terrain ExtensionfromNorthtoSouth-560km,

fromWesttoEast-650km

Longestriverswithintheboundariesofthecountry(km):

Dnepr-700,Berezina-561,Pripyat-495,Sozh-493,Neman-436,

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Ptich–421.

Largest lakes (km2): Naroch - 79.6, Osveyskoye - 52.8, Chervonoye-40.8.

Highest point above sea level - 345 m (the Dzerzhinskayamountain,Dzerzhinsk,Minskregion)

Lowest place above sea level 80 - 90m (valley of theNeman river,Grodnoregion)

Landuse Arableland:26.63%;permanentcrops:0.59%;other:72.78%(2011)

Naturalhazards Themainnaturalhazardsrelevantfortheregion:floods,heavyprecipitation,storms,forestandpeatfires,anomalousheat,anomalouslowtemperatures.

Environment The national nature management policy is aimed at ensuring ecologicallyfriendly living conditions for citizens, reducing the negative anthropogenicimpactontheenvironment,rationalandeconomicaluseofnaturalresources.

TheNaturalEnvironmentProtectionLawoftheRepublicofBelarus,thenewrevisionofwhichwasadoptedin2002, isthebasicdomestic legaldocumentregulatingnatureprotectionactivitiesinBelarus.Effectivearealsolawsontheprotectionofcultivatedlands,forests,waterreservoirs,atmosphericair,floraandfauna.

Toreducethenegativeanthropogenicimpactonnaturalenvironment,Belarushas created specially protected wildlife areas which currently include theBerezinskyBiosphereReserveandfournationalwildlifeparks:BelovezhskayaPushcha, Braslav Lakes, Pripyat and Naroch National Parks; 99 centrallyadministered wildlife preserves (936,300 hectares) and 414 locallyadministered preserves; 337 national natural monuments and 569 localnaturalmonuments.Thetotalareaofthespeciallyprotectedwildlifeareasis1,723,800hectares,or8.3%ofBelarus’territory.

The struggleagainst climatic changes is apriority trendofnatureprotectionpolicy of Belarus. The Ministry of Natural Resources and EnvironmentalProtection isdevelopingtheNationalClimateProgrammefor2008-2012andfortheperiodtill2020.

Nationaleconomy TheeconomicpotentialofBelarus isbasedonanumberof industries,whichaccount for almost 40%of thebasic production assets.Over 2,300differentplants, which produce about 30% of GDP, function in the country. The keyindustriesare:

• engineering,metalworking,

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• chemicalandpetrochemicalindustry,

• lightandfoodindustries,

• forestandwoodindustries,

• productionofconstructionmaterials,

• pharmaceuticsandmicrobiology.

Many Belarusian enterprises are currently at the stage of modernizationaimed at reducing the energy consumption and installation of modernequipment.Re-equipmentofenterprises is laid in thedevelopmentprogramoftheindustrialcomplexoftherepublicfortheperioduntil2020.Itisplannedthat the updated lines will focus on knowledge-intensive industries of theeconomy.

Moreover, a holding model of business organization is being formed inBelarus.Theenterprisesof themost important segmentsbecomeaunifyingcoreforindustrialholdings.

45 holdings,which unite 297 organizations, have already been registered inthecountry.The largestholding structuresarecreatedon thebasisof joint-stock companies, in which 100% of the authorized capital is owned by thestate. Currently, such holdings as “Horizont”, “BelOMO”, “BelavtoMAZ”,“Avtokomponenty”,“Belstankoinstrument”,“BelarusianMetallurgicCompany“Amkodor” are registered. The registration of twomore holdings – “BelAZ”and“Lidselmash”— is coming toanend. It isplanned tocreate theholding“Belkeramika”, which will include OJSC “Minsk Plant of ConstructionMaterials”, “Radoshkovichi Ceramic Factory”, “Keramin” and“Berezastroymaterialy”,andtheglassworkassociation“Belsteklo”willincludethe joint-stock companies “Gomelsteklo”, “Grodno Glass Plant” and “GlassPlant“Neman”.

The agro industrial complex of Belarus is also one of the most importantsegmentsoftheeconomy,thebasisofthefoodindustry.Themaintrendsoftheagro industrialcomplexare livestockbreedingandcropgrowing.Belarusexportsagriculturalproductsto35countriesoftheworld.

TheexportpotentialofBelarusisbasedonsuchpositionsastrucks,tractors,TV-sets, refrigerators, chemical fibber, potassium fertilizers, textile products,lightandfoodindustries.

(Source:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html)(Source:http://belstat.gov.by/en/

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2.3 MapofBelarus

2.4 FormofGovernment

Systemdescription TheRepublicofBelarusisaunitary,democratic,socialstategovernedbytheruleof law. The state power in the Republic of Belarus shall be exercised on theprincipleofitsseparationintolegislative,executiveandjudicialpowers.

The President of the Republic of Belarus shall be the Head of the State, theguarantor of the constitution of the Republic of Belarus, of the rights andfreedomsofamanandacitizen.

The Parliament - the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus – is arepresentativeandlegislativebodyoftheRepublicofBelarus,shallconsistoftwoHouses-theHouseofRepresentativesandtheCounciloftheRepublic.

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ExecutivepowerintheRepublicofBelarusshallbeexercisedbytheGovernment-theCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarus.

JudicialpowerintheRepublicofBelarusshallresideinthecourts.

Administrativedivisionsandstructure

TheRepublicofBelarusiscomposedofsixregions(Brest,Gomel,Grodno,Minsk,Mogilev, andVitebsk), 118districts, 113 townsand90urban-type settlements.AsofJanuary1,2015,thecountryhas23229ruralsettlements.

2.5 NationalCivilProtectionSystem,MandateandOrganisation

Legalframework IntheRepublicofBelarus,themainpowersandauthorityinthefieldofCPandDM activities are centralized and in charge of the Ministry of EmergencySituations (MoES) with the help of its regional (territorial) authorities. This istargeted by all the main laws in the CP area, starting from the "Law of theRepublic of Belarus on Protection of Population and Territories againstNaturalandManmadeEmergencies"(lawnr.141/May1998)andthesubsequent"Lawofthe Republic of Belarus on Emergency Authorities and Entities" (law nr.45/July2009).MoES is one of themain institutional actors in DM. Being a republicanexecutivebody,thusexpressionoftheGovernmentandParliament;itdevelops,implementsandcoordinatesthepolicyoftheRepublicofBelarus intheareaofCP.Duringtimesofemergenciesitisresponsibleforcoordinatingactivitiesaimedattheprotectionofthepopulationthroughauthoritiesvestedinlawsandotherrelevantlegalacts.

(Source:TechnicalReport4-StrengtheningtheEasternRegion'sInstitutionalandLegislativeFrameworks.).

Civilprotection/civildefence/civil

Atnationallevel-theGovernmentthroughtheMinistryforEmergencySituationsimplementssystemofemergencypreparednessandresponse

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emergencyplanning:

Systemoverview,organizationandstructure

AtMinisterial level - TheMinistry for Emergency Situations of the Republic ofBelarus (Further – the MES) is the central governmental authority exercisingcontrolinthepreventionandeliminationofemergencysituationsofnaturalandman-made disaster, aswell as fire, industrial, nuclear and radiation safety, theeliminationoftheconsequencesoftheChernobylcatastrophe,thecreationandpreservationofstateandmobilizationmaterialreserves.

TheMESoperateson three levels:national,provincial anddistrict. Fire-fightingunitsofMinistryofEmergencySituationsareestablishedbothinurbanandruralsettlements.

TheMEShas funding fromthe republicanand localbudgets,aswellas fundingfromgovernmentalandnon-governmentalorganizations.

Inter ministerial cross cutting coordination - The Ministry for EmergencySituationscoordinatesactivitiesofotherstatebodiesofexecutivepower

Inter agency coordination, levels of command and control - The Ministry forEmergency Situations is responsible for coordination of actions related toeliminationsconsequencesofemergencies.

At regional level -TheMinistry forEmergencySituationscoordinatesofactionsrelatedtoeliminationsconsequencesofemergenciesonregionallevel.

At local level - The Ministry for Emergency Situations coordinates of actionsrelatedtoeliminationsconsequencesofemergenciesonlocallevel.

AccordingtotheResolutionofCouncilofMinisters№1051from09/11/2013themaintasksforrealizationofstatepolicyweredetermined.Amongthem;

• to improve and strengthen the existing Mechanism of population andterritoryprotectionfromemergencies

• tocreatetheStatesystemofCivilProtectioninBelarus.

Civilprotection/civildefence/civilemergencyplanningobjectivesandtasks

Thebasictasksofthenationalsystemofpreventionandresolutionofemergencysituationsareto:

• develop and implement legal and economic standards regarding theprotection of the population and the territories from emergencysituations;

• implement principal and scientific- technical programmes to preventemergencysituations,increasesteadinessoforganizationalfunctionalityandsocietalobjectsinemergencysituations;

• provide preparedness for the actions management bodies during

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emergency situations, forces and means, assigned and provided forpreventionandresolutionofemergencysituations;

• createrepublican,branch,territorial,localandspecificobjectreservesoffinancialresourcesfortheresolutionofemergencysituations;

• gather, process, exchange and distribute information related to theprotection of the population and the territories from emergencysituations;

• preparethepopulationforactionduringemergencysituations;

• arrangenationalexaminations,andexecutesupervisionandcontroloverthe protection of the population and the territories from emergencysituations;

• resolveemergencysituations;

• implementactivitiesrelatedtothesocietalprotectionofthepopulationagainstemergencysituations,carryouthumanitarianoperations;

• realize the rightsanddutiesof thepopulation in the fieldofprotectionfromemergencysituationsaswellas thoseofdirectparticipants in theresolutionofemergencysituations;

• co-operateinternationallyinthefieldofprotectionofthepopulationandtheterritoriesfromemergencysituations;

• planand implementmeasures forprotectionof thepopulationand theterritoriesfromemergencysituations;

• organize and implement measures for the preparation of civil defenceactivities;

• actively inform national bodies and other organizations and thepopulation about emergency situations, orders and rules for action insuchenvironments;

• monitoringandpredictionofemergencysituations.

Civilprotection/civildefence/civilemergencyplanningorganizationalstructure

There has been created State system of disasters prevention and responseoperatesatahighorganizational level. The systemunitesallnationaland localgovernmentsandotherorganizations.TheMESisthefocalpointofthesystem.

(Source: Technical Working Paper INITIAL ANALYSIS OF CIVIL PROTECTIONCAPACITY OF THE PARTNER COUNTRIES “Together Against Disasters” October2011).

Civil-military Torespondtonaturalorman-madeemergencies,thespeciallytrainedforcesand

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cooperation means of theArmed Forces, other troops andmilitary units of the Republic ofBelaruscouldbeinvolvedundertheprocedureestablishedbythedecisionofthePresidentoftheRepublicofBelarus.

AtthesametimethefunctionsoftheMinistryofDefenceareasfollows:

ensurepermanent readinessof controlbodies, forcesandmeansof theArmedForcesbeinginvolvedinresponsetoofaccidents,disasters,naturaldisastersandtheirconsequences,arrangeinteractionwiththeCommissiononEmergenciestothe Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, bodies and units of theMinistryforEmergencySituationsoftheRepublicofBelarus,MinistryofInterioroftheRepublicofBelarusandotherrepublicanstategovernancebodies;

• takepart,undertheestablishedprocedure,inremovalofconsequencesofnaturalandman-madeemergenciesonrailandautomobileroads;

• take control of radiological, chemical and biological (bacteriological)conditionsonterritoriesoffacilitiesoftheMinistryofDefence;

• fulfil the tasks related to cleaning of terrain sections from explosivesremainedaftercombatoperations;

• take part in fire extinguishing in residential settlements in accordancewiththeconcertedplans(instructions)ofinteraction;

• involvethepersonnelandequipmentofmilitaryunitstoextinguishlargefiresandtoremoveconsequencesofnaturaldisastersatthefacilitiesoflocalbodies,provideassistancetopopulation;

• plan,arrangeandimplementlocaldefenceactions;

• ensure participation of military and transport aviation on delivery offorces,meansandmaterialresourcestotheterritoriesofemergencies;

• searchandrescueoperations.

(Source: Technical Working Paper INITIAL ANALYSIS OF CIVIL PROTECTIONCAPACITY OF THE PARTNER COUNTRIES “Together Against Disasters” October2011; Technical Report 4 - Strengthening the Eastern Region's Institutional andLegislativeFrameworks)

Externalstakeholders TheMinistry for Emergency Situations are actively developing andmaintainingrelationswithUN,IAEA,CTIF,ICDO,CIS,INSARAG,NATO,DEZA,CEI.

A number of donors and international partners support development of DMsystem in Belarus. Amongmajor partners are EU via DG ECHO, United NationDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP),WorldBank,SwissDevelopmentCooperation

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Agency(SDC)andmanyothers.

UNDPisfocusedmainlyonissuesrelatedtotherecoveryoftheareasaffectedbyChernobyl catastrophe. Their projects are aimed at revitalization of social andeconomic life in villages, information of population about safe behaviour inradioactivelycontaminatedareas,healthissues.

Internalstakeholders Privatesector:AllorganizationsaresubjectofCivilProtectionSystem

Volunteers: Volunteers can be involved into activities related to eliminationconsequencesofemergencies.Moreover,theMinistryforEmergencySituationsmaintainedsystemofregionalandlocalvolunteer'sorganizations.

NGOs:N/A

(Source:PPRDEastProgramme - TechnicalWorkingPaper INITIALANALYSISOFCIVILPROTECTIONCAPACITYOFTHEPARTNERCOUNTRIESOctober2011)

Disasterrelief

DiagramoftheCivilProtectionStructureofRepublicofBelarusPresident

TheGovernmentofRepublicofBelarus

FireFightingRescue(wrecking)DivingandRescue

ChemicalandRadiologicalProtection

SearchandRescueAviationMedical

GasRescue

Cynological(RescueDogs)Parachute-Airborne

ExplosiveandTechnicalRearandLogisticsSupport

PsychologicalMeteorologicalEngineering

CommunicationandWarning

Technical

EducationalFacilities

StateInstitutions

RegionalDepartments

SERVICESMESSubordinatedInstitutions

RegionalAuthorities

LocalAuthorities

Institutions

Coordination,Supervision,InspectionTheMinistryofEmergencySituations(MES)

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AvailableHumanandMaterialResources

Earlywarningsystemstowardsprofessionals

Automatic early warning systems towards professionals is established andfunctioning.

Earlywarningsystemstowardsthepopulation

Automatic early warning systems towards population is established andfunctioning.

Publicinformationsystem

Publicinformationdoesexist.Theiractivityisdependingonscaleofemergency.

2.6 OperativeInformation

Operative information is mainly flowing through communication systems of the Ministry of EmergencySituations.

Emergencynumbers The emergency and operational call system using 112 single number allows to

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readdressthetelephonecall,receivedbyemergencyoperationalcontrolcenter,toanydutydispatch servicedependingon thenatureof call. Thepossibility tocallat112singlenumber innetworksofallmobileoperatorsoftheRepublicofBelarusisensured.

2.7 Agreements

Bilateralagreements AgreementbetweenMESofBelarusandMIAofGeorgiaonCooperation inthePreventionandLiquidationofEmergencies(11March2014);

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and theRepublic of Latvia on Cooperation in the Prevention of Disasters, EmergenciesandMajorAccidents,aswell as theEliminationof theirConsequences (27 July2004);

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and theGovernmentoftheRepublicofPolandoncooperationintheareaofpreventionof disasters, natural disasters, other emergencies as well as removal of theirconsequences,23April2015,TownofBelostok.

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and theRepublicofLithuaniaonCooperationinthePreventionofDisasters,EmergenciesandotherAccidentsandEliminationoftheirConsequences(1June2004);

AgreementbetweentheGovernmentoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheCabinetof Ministers of Ukraine on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident andCooperationintheFieldofRadiationSafety(16October2001);

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and theGovernment of the Kyrgyz Republic on Cooperation in Civil Defence andEmergencyPreparednessandResponse(30May2001);

AgreementbetweentheGovernmentoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheCabinetofMinistersofUkraineonCooperationinDisasterPreventionandMitigation(7July2000);

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and theGovernment of the Republic of Austria on the Exchange of Information in theFieldofNuclearSafetyandProtectionagainstIonizingRadiation(9June2000);

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and theGovernment of the Republic of Poland on Early Notification of a NuclearAccidentandCooperationintheFieldofRadiationSafety(18April1997);

AgreementbetweentheRepublicofBelarusandtheAgencyfortheApplication

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of Safeguards pursuant to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of NuclearWeapons(31August1995);

AgreementbetweentheGovernmentoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheRussianFederation on Cooperation andMutual Assistance in the Prevention ofMajorAccidents,NaturalDisastersandMitigation(18December1993).

Multilateralagreements,MOUs,Protocolsofcooperation,etc.

Agreement between the Republic of Belarus and the United Nations onmeasures toexpedite the import, exportand transitof relief consignmentsand possessions of relief personnel assistance in case of disasters andemergenciessignedon13February2012.

(Source: Technical Working Paper INITIAL ANALYSIS OF CIVIL PROTECTIONCAPACITYOFTHEPARTNERCOUNTRIES“TogetherAgainstDisasters”October2011; Technical Report 4 - Strengthening the Eastern Region's InstitutionalandLegislativeFrameworks)

2.8 InternationalAssistance

Nationalarrangementsonhowtoreceiveanddeliverinternationalassistance

Legal framework applicable for incoming international assistance: Bilateralagreementsinforce(Azerbaijan,Kyrgyzstan,Latvia,Lithuania,Moldova,Poland,Russia,Tajikistan,UkraineandUzbekistan).

Thefollowing institutionsofBelarusthatmayhaveresponsibilitiesconcerningincominginternationalassistance:

• Commission for Emergency Situations, subordinate to the Council ofMinisters, being responsible for strategic coordination of emergencyresponseactivities;

• Ministry for Emergency Situations, being the primary responsibleoperativeagency;

• RepublicanEmergencyManagementandResponseCentre.

Regulationsandotherparticularissuesaffectingthetransportofinternationalassistance

Entryintotheterritory

Roadtransportofrelief/internationalteams:

Specializedbordercrossingpoints(e.g.accessonlyfortrucksetc.):N/A

Hazardousgoodsandrestrictedequipment:N/A

Animal health restrictions (e.g. Search and rescue dogs): Quarantinerequirementsareapplied

ProvidingVisaatthebordercrossingpointforreliefpersonnel:N/A

Circulationintheterritory

Timerestrictionsdonotapplytovehicles,self-propelledmachinestransportinghumanitarian assistance cargoes and carrying out shipments related to

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preventionandremovalofemergencies.

In summer time the temporary restrictions of axle load of vehicles are beingintroduced in respect of the republican automobile roads of general use.Howeverthetemporaryrestrictionsdonotapplyalsotovehiclescarryingoutshipments related to prevention or removal of emergencies and Technicalrestrictionstoautomobiletransportdimensions(height,width,weight)aswellaslicensesforautomobiletransport.Typesofroadsandheightrestrictions(fortraffic in tunnelsandwithin thecity):There isasystemof issuanceofspecialpermits for passage of large and (or) heavy freight vehicles (hereinafterreferred toas theLHFV)onautomobile roads. Issuanceof specialpermits forLHFV passage on automobile roads of general use is an administrativeprocedure.WhenissuingthespecialpermitsforLHFVpassagewithabove-levelparameters (totalweightover 100 tons, lengthover 30meters,widthover 5meters, height over 5 meters) it is necessary to develop the project oftransportation with procedure and conditions of LHFV traffic on automobileroads and artificial structures, having developed, in detail, the traffic route,orderandconditionsof traffic.Technical restrictionsof vehicles sizes (height,widthandweight)andlicensesforvehicles.Roadstypeandheightrestrictions(fortunnelsorcities):N/A

Road/motorwaytolls:Usersoftollroad,whodrivetheroutetransportvehiclesandcarryingouturbanpassengertransportation;transportvehiclesbeingusedto remove emergencies; transport vehicles being used to ship humanitarianassistance cargoes to populationof theRepublic of Belarus andother states,shall be entitled to exercise the free passage on toll roads only after theelectronic payment device provided by State Enterprise “Belautostrada” isinstalledon the transportvehicleand theagreementonusageof toll road inthemode of exemption of fare (item 21 of the Resolution of the Council ofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusof30April2013#340)isconcluded.

Restrictionsasregardsalcoholconsumptionwhiledriving:Permissible levelofalcoholcontentinexpiredairshouldnotexceed0.3permille.Thedriverisnotallowedtodrivethetransportvehicleintheconditionofalcoholintoxicationorin the condition caused by consumption of drugs, psychotropic substances,theiranalogues,toxicorotherbefuddlingsubstances.(OrderofthePresidentoftheRepublicofBelarusof28November2005#551“OnMeasurestoImproveTrafficSafety”).

Restrictionsondriving time(fordrivers): Incase theworking time is summedupthenthedurationofworkday(shift)ofadrivershouldnotexceed10hours.

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It is not allowed to set the duration ofworkday (shift) at 12 hours formorethan2calendardaysrunning.

Ifwhencarryingoutlong-distancepassengertransportationitisenvisagedthattheautomobiledriverwouldstayinautomobilemorethan12hoursthentwodriversareassignedforthetrip.

Thedriversofautomobilesareprovidedduring theworkdaywithabreak forrestandmeal(durationatleast20minutesanditshouldnotexceed2hours);driver at his own discretion uses such break and it is not included in theworkingtime.

Incasethework(shift)scheduleestablishesdurationofdailywork(shift)over8hours, then theautomobiledriver canbeprovided twobreaks for restandmealsoftotaldurationnotmorethan2hoursandatleast30minutes.

The time of break and its specific duration shall be established by internalregulations or work (shift) schedule or by agreement between automobiledriverandemployer.

After the continuous two-hour driving the automobile driver should beprovidedwith special technical break (tobe included inworking time) for 10minutesoritcanbeaddeduptothenextbreakafterdrivingduring4hoursincase the break period for rest andmeals does not occur. (Resolution of theMinistry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus of 25November 2010 # 82 “OnAdoptionof Resolution onWorking Time andRestTimeforAutomobileDrivers”).

PossessionofInternationaldrivinglicense:N/A

Useof rotating lights: It is possible touseblue rotating lights.Nopreference(advantage)isgranted.

Convoyattendance:Itispossibleifrequired.

Facilitationofroadtransportoperations

Competent authority concerning request escorts for civil protection convoys:N/A

Competent authority concerning request for exceptions for urgent reliefoperations:N/A

Aerialtransportofrelief/internationalteams:

Entryintotheterritory International airports (e.g. availability/operational program, capacity/take-offandlandinglanelength,taxesforparkingandhandlingservices,availabilityofresources for refuelling): National Airport of Minsk (Minsk-2), Homel, Brest,Hrodno,Vitebsk,Mohilev.

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Allairportsareinternationalones;theyhaveborderfrontierandcustomsentrypoints.

Airportsensurereceptionandservicingofaircraft.Thereisarespectivereserveofaviationfueltorefuelaircraft.

Paymentfortake-offandlanding,handlingservicesandrefuellingofaircraftismadeinairports.

Eachairporthasacapacity todocumenthazardouscargoesaswellas specialparkingfortheirunloadingandloading.

Hazardousgoodsandrestrictedequipment:N/A

Animal health restrictions (e.g. Search and rescue dogs): Quarantinerequirementsareapplied

ProvidingVisaattheairportforreliefpersonnel:Minsk-2AirporthasaconsularsectionoftheMinistryofForeignAffairstoissuevisas.

FacilitationofCustomsprocedures

Procedures under the simplified scheme according to the Decision of theCustomsUnionCommissionof20May2010#263“OnProcedureofUsageofTransport (Shipping), Commercial and (or) Other Documents as CommodityDeclarations

Thecustomsofficesoperateroundtheclock.

Facilitationofaerialtransportoperations

CivilProtectionContactPoint:N/A

Competent authority concerning request for rapid grant of landing and overflightpermissionforreliefflights:Procedureofrequestforusageofairspaceof theRepublicofBelarusand for landing inairportsaswell as the contactpersons who issue permits is specified in AIR of the Republic of Belarus(collectionofairnavigationinformation).

Competent authority concerning request for exceptions for urgent reliefoperations:N/A

Regulationsandotherparticularissuesaffectingtheliabilityofreliefpersonnel

Recognitionofrelevantprofessionalqualificationsof relief personnel (medical personnel, rescuers,engineers,etc.)duringtheinternationalassistanceoperation

Yes / No / Other procedure: Yes, with nocertificationprocedure

Legalbasis:N/A

Recognition of all necessary certificates andqualifications needed for the conduct of theirwork,suchasdriver’slicense

Yes/No/Otherprocedure:N/A

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Any liability for physical injury, adverse healtheffectsordeathofanyperson/propertydamageon your territory produced with no intention bythe relief personnel of the SendingNationduringthereliefoperations,shallbeassumedby:

RequestingNation:N/A

or

SendingNation:N/A

or

Individualworker:

Legalbasis:N/A

RegulationsandotherparticularissuesregardingtheHostNationSupport

Conceptimplementedintotherelevantnationallegislationinforce

Yes/No/Otherprocedure:N/A

Legalbasis:N/A

Consistinprovidingsupporttotheinternationalreliefpersonnelwiththefollowings:

Entry (visa, work permit, waiver of taxation on roads, provision of escort, security,clearingoftheroads,etc.)

Yes/No/Whichofthem:N/A

Communication (providingtotheinternationalreliefteamsinduetimethenecessaryaccesstofrequencies,bandwidthandsatelliteuse)


Pleaseprovideabriefdescriptionoftheprocedureinplace:N/A

CommandandControl (liaison officers designated for cooperation with the incoming internationalteams)

Yes/No:N/A


Coordination (existence of procedures for other relevant Ministries involvement in reliefreception operations, such as Telecommunication, Transport, Health, PoliceServices,etc.)

Yes/No:N/A


Security (appropriate measures in place to keep safe the relief personnel, locations,

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goodsandequipmentrelatedtotheinternationalassistance)


Please provide a brief description of the procedure in place: Security isassumedbythehostnation.

OperationsArea (base camp provision with adequate conditions for accommodation, food,water, hygiene facilities, storage, electricity, communication technology,vehiclesparking,transport,fuelsupply,etc)


Pleaseprovideabriefdescriptionoftheprocedure inplace:Belarusdoesnotexpect disaster relief teams to be self-sufficient. Lodging, water, food, fuelandelectricitycanbeprovidedfreeofcharge.Distributionchannelsofalltheabove services and commodities are arranged on a case-by-case basis, asappropriate.

Language (provisionofinterpretersfortheinternationalteams)

Yes/No:N/A

Please provide a brief description of the procedure in place: Translationservicesandinlandtransportareavailablefreeofcharge.

2.9 ListofRelevantContacts

CivilProtection Postaladdress:

Telephonenumber:

Faxnumber:

E-mailaddress:

PersonofContact(rank,name,position,organization/structure):

Emergency/operational

Postaladdress:building4IerusalimskaStr.,CityofMinsk-220004,RepublicofBelarus

Telephonenumber:+37517-209-27-01;+37517-209-27-08

Faxnumber:+37517-209-27-59

E-mailaddress:[email protected]

Person of Contact (rank, name, position, organization/structure): State Institution“Republican Centre for Control and Response to Emergencies of the Ministry ofEmergencySituationsoftheRepublicofBelarus”

Internationalcooperation

Postaladdress:N/A

Telephonenumber:N/A

Faxnumber:N/A

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E-mailaddress:N/A

PersonofContact(rank,name,position,organization/structure):N/A

Internationalassistance

Postaladdress:N/A

Telephonenumber:N/A

Faxnumber:N/A

E-mailaddress:N/A

PersonofContact(rank,name,position,organization/structure):N/A

Responder:

PPRDEast2NationalProgrammeCoordinatorintheRepublicofBELARUS-MrsSvetlanaShotskaya,Headof internationalprojects sector InternationalCooperationDepartment,MinistryofEmergencySituations;phone:+375173285181;e-mail:[email protected].

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3 Progress made in the adoption of recommendations provided within thePPRDEastProgrammePhase1

KeyAssessorsPPRDEast2Experts DavideMiozzo

CountryThematicFocalPoint N/AChaptervalidatedby NationalAdvisoryGroup

3.1 Legalframework

PPRDEAST1recommendations Actiontaken

Thedisastermanagement system in Belarus ismoredevelopedforman-madedisasters.Moreattention should be devoted to developlegislation on prevention measure such assystematic risk assessment, early warningsystems, risk awareness and establishment ofNationalPlatformforDisasterRiskReduction.

Belarus has been working on updating its normativeframework providing all the necessary powers (andfunds)tofaceemergenciesandtoimplementpreventiveand preparedness measures to MES (res. n.495 of 10April 2001 and its latest amendments in 2014). ThatameliorationhasempoweredtheoverallCivilProtectionsystemanditsabilitytoincreaseriskawarenessamongstthe different administrative levels (National to Local).However such improvements have not been coupledwith sound scientific procedures needed to developprecise multi-hazard risk assessment studies, nor theearly warning system has been strengthened in all itscomponents(technicalandsocietal).

Belarusshouldbemoreactiveinenhancingtheapproximation to the acquis communautairesupporting what has been already developedwithinthePPRDEastProgramme.

Since the end of PPRD East Phase 1 Belarusianinstitutions have not undergone a comprehensiverevision of the legal framework favouring theapproximationoftheEUacquiscommunautaire.

For example the EUFD has been mainly implementedthrough international projects and single basin-scaleinitiativesmainly implemented by the Central ResearchInstituteforComplexUseofWaterResourcesundertheMinistry of Natural Resources and Environmental

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Protection. As of today, Preliminary Flood RiskAssessment (PFRA), Flood Hazard Mapping (FHM) andFlood Risk Mapping (FRM) fully in line with EUFDprescriptionsareactuallyavailableonlyfor30%of1riverbasin (the Pripyat basin) with the support of 3internationalprojects.

It must however be noted that, in contradiction withwhat above stated, theWater Code of the Republic ofBelarus (entered into force on 21 May 2015) usesapproaches included in theWater Framework Directive(althoughnotclearly referringto it)andparticularly theuseofa“riverbasinmanagementprinciple”intheformofBasinCouncils.

Little has been found, during the assessment missions,referring the approximation of the national legalframeworktoEUstandardsinotherfields.

A unified code for civil protection should bepursed. Different Laws are presents thatregulate different aspects of civil emergency,the legislation framework is quitecomprehensivebutfragmented.Aspecial legalactthatregulatesallaspectsofcivilprotectionina single lawwill simplify andharmonize theuseofthecurrentregulation.

There isnotyetaunifiedcodebut revisionsof theCivilProtectionframeworkareon-goingwiththemainaimofharmonizingthecurrentlegislativebodyoflaws.

Promote the use of National Disaster RiskReduction Platform as a national advisoryboardfordevelopingcivilprotectionstrategies,monitoring the achievement of the HyogoFramework for Action. Since MES has theinstitutionalmandatetocoordinateprevention,preparedness and response activities in thecountry, MES should be the coordinatingagencyoftheNationalPlatform.

MESiscurrentlythefocalpointoftheplatform.

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EstablishthelegalframeworkforEarlyWarningSystem.Thereisaneedforspecialandspecificlegal act. An effective early warning systemneeds a clear legal frameworkwhere rule andduties of national and local authorities areclearly established, regulating the flow ofinformation and the level of activation ofnational and local institutions, national andlocal services, NGO and citizen in case ofwarning.

The Resolution of the Council of Ministers of 10 April2001 # 495 and its subsequent amendments, providesthe generic law on state system of prevention andresponse to emergencies. In this law there are somehints of how, part of the Early Warning System worksand whom are its main stakeholders. Moreover,Resolution N 1466 of 19 November 2004 (andamendments) depicts and defines precise roles andduties of institutions involved in the Monitoring andForecastingofManmadeandNaturaldisasters.

In2015theResolutionoftheCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusof 28November2014#1118 cameinto force. The said regulation defines the tasks,procedure of usage and maintenance in a continuousreadiness of populationwarning system, control bodiesand forces of the State System for prevention andremovalofemergenciesandcivilprotection.

The definition of the communication flow has beencompletedwiththepromulgationofthelaw“Onhydro-meteorologicalactivitiesoftheRepublicofBelarus”of9January 2006 (and amendments) which defines thefunctioning of hydro-meteorological activities (activitiesintheareaofmeteorology,hydrologyandrelatedfields)aimed at production of information to State agencies,interested stakeholders and population. The Hydro-meteorologicalCentremoreoverprovidesdailybulletins,whicharesenttoMESandalltheCivilProtectionactorsupon which National, Regional and Local plans areactivated.

MESandotherMinistries involved inCPactivitiesdon’thave direct access to data elaborated by the Hydro-meteorological Centre. Every time further inputs areneeded a request has to be forwarded to the Centre,whichtimelyresponds.Thisrequestrequiressometimeto be elaborated and could represent a bottleneck forurgentdecisionswhichneedtimelyinformation.

If interpreted sensu lato, it can be argued that the

35

present Early Warning System is lacking of awarenesscampaignsandthatthelinkbetweeninstitutionsandthepopulation, especially in economically challenged areas,needstobeimproved.

Promote the adoption of standards/guidelinesfor risk and multi-risk assessment and a legalframework for including and considering Riskassessment in land use planning. AdoptstandardsandguidelinesforRiskandmulti-riskAssessment,suchastheonecontainedin“StaffWorking Paper on Risk Assessment andMappingGuidelinesforDisasterManagement”(EC, 2010). The main aim of the Europeanguidelines on Risk Assessment andMapping isto improve coherence among the riskassessmentsatnationallevelintheprevention,preparedness and planning stages. Riskassessments, when carried out at nationallevel, are crucial for enhancing disasterprevention and preparedness activities andcontributesignificantlytoplanningandcapacitybuilding.

Belarus has a rich body of laws in the fields related toforest fires. Such laws have introduced, in 2009, riskclassificationforalltheforestdistricts.Thisclassificationincludes also the level of post-Chernobyl accidentcontamination. The risk mapping is renovated every 5years. However hazard and risk mapping for otherhazards is almost completely missing or at very lowdetail.

No SOPs have tackled the problem of homogenizing orapproximatingcurrentpracticestoEUstandards.

Promote the legal establishment of CivilProtection Volunteers mechanism. Developstandardized procedures for expert volunteersselection, recruitment and deployment andestablishing training modules for thepreparation of expert volunteers focusing ontheEuropeanandInternationaldimensionbothforeseen in: Lisbon Treaty (Article 214.5); EU-Aid Volunteers initiativehttp://ec.europa.eu/echo/euaidvolunteers/index_en.htm

The following laws provide the general framework fortheuseofvolunteersinCivilProtectionactivities:

• Lawn.141-3of5March1998,and

• ResolutionoftheCouncilofMinistersof10April2001#495(andamendments).

Volunteers, in Belarus, are a reality composed ofhundredsofpersons,stateandprivatecompanies,NGOsand Municipalities, which operate under a prototypal(butneverthelessexistent)legalframework.

MoreneedstobedoneinthedevelopmentofSOPsandsub laws addressing specific issues related to their

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existencewithin the Civil Protection, such as: selection,training,managementanddeployment.

3.2 Institutionalframework

PPRDEAST1recommendations Actiontaken

TheNationalPlatformforDRRhasbeenestablished,but so far its effectiveness has to be proven.Continuous effort in properly supporting theNP atinstitutional level is seen as a priority to furtherimplementtheHFAGoals.

Noactiondone.

The general framework of institutions involved inCP/DM is well defined and seems to be effectiveespecially in the emergency phase. However itneeds more support in order to become reallyeffective,dealingwiththepreventionphaseofDRRcycle.

The latest amendments to the Resolution of theCouncil of Ministers of 22 January 2007 # 73providedMESadditionalpowersinordertooperatemoreefficientlyalsointheareaofprevention.Moreresources have been allocated to MES. AdditionalsourceofresourcesisLawn.73of22January2007,which allows for expenditure also in preventionactivities.

Those resources however appear to be scarcer atthe lowest level of the public administration(Municipalities).Inthiscaseifontheonehandnon-structuralmeasures(i.e.planning)areawidespreadreality, the funds required for implementing allstructuralpreventivemeasuresarelimited.

Increasing the involvement of the populationtraining volunteers and providing equipment tothem. People have to knowwhich kind of disastercan impact on the area where they live and whattheyhavetodoincaseofdisaster.TheinvolvementofpopulationasCPvolunteershelpstofillthisgap,butitneedsresourcesfortrainingandequipment.

At present, in Belarus there are 679 voluntary firebrigades that operate alongside theMES. Training,informofTOT(TrainingofTrainers), isprovidedbyMES.Voluntary firebrigadesarean integralpartofforcesandmeansoftheStatesystemforpreventionand removal of emergencies. Nevertheless it mustbe emphasized that the voluntary fire brigades arenotinstitutionallyboundedtoMESsystem.

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The Ministry of Emergency Situations providespotential assistance related to provision of fire-fightingmachinery,whichhasexceeded its lifetimebut it is however suitable to be used by voluntaryfire brigades. Acquisition of any other fire-fightingequipment is under the competence oforganizations, which have established the firebrigades.

The prospective is that of increasing theVolunteerforces thiswill pose futureproblemsof equipmentandhomogenizationofpreparednessamidstallthepresentforcesinthecountry.

Enhancingawarenessonpopulationexposedtofirerisk introducing equipment for fire alarm inbuildings. Participatory process in the definition ofemergency plan based on detailed risk maps,validated at local level, can largely improve theeffectivenessofDM/DRRapproach.

The increase of the volunteer forces active as firstresponders in case of fires (both forest andurban)and the annual revision of emergency plans areincrementing the level of awareness of thepopulation intheareaof firerisks.Muchhastobedone in the field of developing and conductingawareness campaigns especially at local level ineconomicallydisadvantagedareaswhereexpositionofsuchriskishigher.

The introduction of fire alarm equipment ismandatoryinStateandPrivatecompaniesbutquasiinexistentinhouses.

3.3 Conclusion

AftertheendingofthePPRDEastProgrammePhase1someeffortswereput inplacebytheBelorussianGovernment, by the Ministry of Emergency Situations and by the agencies involved in Civil Protectionactivities.

The legal framework currently in force in Belarus requires some adjustments but provides a generalnormativestructure.Onthecontrary,moreeffortsarerequiredatInstitutionallevel.Fromthisperspective,inthenextyearsempoweringthefollowingmainissueswillberelevant:

• ContinuetheactivityofrevisionoftheCivilProtectionlegalframework;

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• Developproceduresforthehomogenizationofriskassessmentandrisk/hazardmappingnecessaryforthecompletionofemergencyplansandpreventivemeasuresintheirscientificcomponent;

• Ameliorate information sharing channels between the Hydro-meteorological Centre and all theactors in the field of Civil Protectionwith the aim of easing and quickening the process of datasharing;

• Study and discuss with relevant stakeholders of SOPs for the organization of the Volunteeringsystem with precise indications on procedures for selection, training, managing and deployingvolunteers;

• EmpowertheDRRplatformanduseitasprivilegeddiscussionforumforthedevelopmentoflongtermstrategies.

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4 FloodRiskManagementandapproximationtotheEUFloodsDirective

KeyAssessorsPPRDEast2Expert LucaMolini

RobertoRudariCountryThematicFocalPoint N/A

Chaptervalidatedby NationalAdvisoryGroup

4.1 Legalandinstitutionalframework

BelarushasnotyetofficiallytransposedEUFDinitsnationallegalframeworkandthereisnoharmonizationbetween the existing Belarus Program Engineering ProtectionMeasures from Flood for population andagriculture for 2005-2010 and other EU-directives including EUFD and WFD. EUFD has been mainlyimplemented through international projects and single basin-scale initiatives. The main actor in theimplementation of these projects is the Central Research Institute for ComplexUse ofWater Resources(CRICUWR1)undertheMinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalProtection(MoNREP).

TheWaterCodeoftheRepublicofBelarushasbeendevelopedin2013bytheMoNREPenteredintoforceon21May2015.TheWaterCodeusesapproachesincludedintheWFDandparticularlytheuseofa“riverbasin management principle” in the form of Basin Councils. Basin Councils are inter-ministerial (inter-departmental)andinter-territorialadvisorybodiesandtheirdecisionsarerecommendatory.TheactivityofBasin Councils and the procedure of their establishment are governed by the respective Regulationadopted by the Resolution of the Council of the Republic of Belarus of 02 March 2015 # 152 and theResolutionoftheMinistryofEnvironmentof04May2015#19.AsperthesaidregulationstheactivityofBasinCouncils is carriedoutwithoutestablishmentof “secretariats”,on thebasisof territorial (regional)bodiesoftheMoNREP.AccordinglytoWFDprinciples,theWaterCodefostersthedevelopmentofRBMPsforthemainriversflowingthroughBelarus,namely:Dnieper,Pripyat,WesternBug,NiemanandWesternDvina. TheMoNREPorganizes thedevelopmentof draft of RBMPswithparticipationof concerned statebodies(organizations).Inaccordancewitharticle15oftheWaterCodeoftheRepublicofBelarusRBMPsare approved by joint decision of regional executive committees on whose territory the river basin islocated.Therequirementsforthedevelopment,preparationanddesignofdraftsofRBMPsareestablishedbytheMoNREP.

For what concerns the hydro-meteorological data provision, this issue has been addressed by thePresidentialDecreeofJanuary23,2007№75OntheimplementationoftheLaw"Onhydrometeorology”approving the regulations on the provision of hydro-meteorological data of the MoNREP of Hydro-Meteorological informationnot included intheStateHydro-meteorologicalServic, theregulationsonthe

1CRICUWRwasestablishedbytheDecreeof theCouncilofMinistersof theRepublicofBelarusNo425,22April1960,andtheDecisionof theBoardof theBSSRAcademyofSciencesNo10,14February1961.Since1994isundertheMoNREP.

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proceduresofstatecontrolinthefieldofhydro-meteorologicalactivities,theregulationsontheprocedureof managing the state register of producers of hydro-meteorological information and certificate theirregistration as hydro-meteorological information providers, the regulation on the establishment anddesignation of guarding zones around fixed points of observation of the state network of hydro-meteorologicalobservations,aswellastherequirementsfortheirprotectionanduse.

4.2 Currentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellence

As of today, Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (PFRA), Flood Hazard Mapping (FHM) and Flood RiskMapping(FRM)fullyinlinewithEUFDprescriptionsareactuallyavailableonlyfor30%ofPripyatbasin(seenext paragraphs), developed or still under development within the framework of 3 international andnationalprojects.Afullcoverageforthisbasinisforecastedfortheendof2018,providedastablefundingpolicy.TwootherinitiativesarefocusedonWesternBug(ended)andUpperDnieper(IputriverinthecityofDobrush).Atpresent,noFloodRiskManagementPlans(FRMPs)havebeendrafted.

It is also worthmentioning that within the first phase of the PPRD East Programme, Partner CountriesincludingBelarus receivedtrainingontheuseof theMIKE11software for thedevelopmentof the floodhazardmapswith the rightquality standards.PPRDEastPhase1committed tobuyMIKE11 licences forPartnerCountriesbutneverdid.PPRDEastPhase2iswillingtofulfilthiscommitment.Anyway,MoEShasanalyzed the need for using of software Mike 11 and due to the fact that Belarus has not got somenecessaryparameters(namely,digitalterrainmodel,bathymetricdataandafullsetofhydrologicaldata),theyarecurrentlynotinthepositionofusingMike11.Forthis,thereisnoneedtopurchasealicenseofMIKE11fortheRepublicofBelarus.

4.2.1 Science for Peace and Security Flood Monitoring and Forecast in Pripyat River Basin

Project(2009-2011)

ThemainobjectiveofthisNATO-fundedprojectwastoenhancethefloodmonitoringinthePripyatRiverBasin,toimplementthecontemporarymodellingtoolsforfloodforecastingandtopredicttheradionuclidetransport in the Pripyat river basin for the different scenarios of the natural hazards and technologicalimpacts.Amongthemainachievementsoftheproject,52rivercross-sectionsofStyrandProstyr(aright-bank tributary of Pripyat) river have been measured on the field aiming to the integration intohydrological/hydraulicmodels.Hazardmaps2havebeencompiledfordifferentreturnperiod(0.5%,15,5%,10%,25%onyearlybasisforfloodsand10%forflashfloods).InthiscasethereisafullycompliancewithrespecttotheEUFD,besidesflashfloodsaretakenintoaccountandinvestigatedtoo.Thescaleofthemapsis1:50,000.

2Hazard maps production process: Excel for hydrological calculation, Photoshop for map rasters development and Global Mapper for their geocoding; ESRIArcView/ArcGISorQGISforDEMandinfrastructurelayerscreation,spatialanalysis;anin-housedevelopedsoftwareforhydrauliccalculationstocalculatewaterlevelsforvariousscenarios(pseudo2Dmodelling);ESRIArcView/ArcGISorQGISforwaterlevelsvisualization;ArcGISandCorelDrawforfinalmapscompilation.

41

4.2.2 FloodHazardandRiskAssessmentDevelopmentandimplementationofmethodological

basisoffloodriskassessmentinPripyatRiver(2013-2015,on-going)

This project, funded by the Government of the Republic of Belarus through the State Scientific andTechnicalProgrammewasaimedtocorrecterrorsthatturnedoutfromthepreviousNATOprojectandtoextendtheanalysestotheStyr,ProstyrandHorynrivers,right-banktributariestothePripyatriver.Tothisend,inaccuraciesinseveralcross-sectionswereverifiedonthefieldandthenfixedbyCRICUWRinspectors.Moreover, FHMshavebeenenhanced studyingwater velocity,direction (conveyance routes) anddepth.Damscontributiontototaldischargeratesweremodelledtoo.Mapsatascaleof1:25,000willbepubliclyavailableonCRICUWRwebsiteandwillbesharedwithMoES,HMS,andAarhuscentres.

4.2.3 LinkingSecurityandEnvironmentinBelarus–FloodRiskAssessmentandMonitoringin

thePripyatBasin(2013-2015,on-going)

ThisprojectiscurrentlyimplementedbyUNDP–Minskfocusingonpromotingenvironmentalsustainabilitythroughregionalcooperation.Theprojectisstructuredin3maincomponents:theactivitiesofComponent1 of the project aims to raise capacities in the field of floodmonitoring, early warning andmostly riskassessment in the Yaselda river, an upstream sub-basin of the Pripyat river. EUFD related topics areaddressedbyfollowingthesameapproachas intheStyr-Prostyrcatchments (seeprevioussections).Themainactionscarriedoutduringthisprojectarerelatedtotheinstallationofearlywarningequipment(newautomatedrivergaugeforreal-timemonitoring)andaboveall thepreparationof floodhazardandfloodriskmapsfortheYeseldariveratascaleof1:25,000fordifferentprobabilityscenarios(0.5%-1%-10%-25%onayearlybasis).

4.2.4 EnvironmentalProtectiononInternationalRiverBasinsProject(2014-2015,on-going)

The Environmental Protection on International River Basins (EPIRB) project is a EU-funded initiativeimplementedbyaConsortium ledbyHulla&Co.HumanDynamicsKG.Thekeybeneficiary institutionoftheprojectforBelarusistheMoNREPasitsgoalistosupporttheinternationalcooperationbetweentheENPI countries focusing on environmental protection and water resources topics in line with the WFDthrough thedraftingof riverbasinmanagementplans3.Nevertheless,even if the initiative ismuchmoreoriented towardswaterquality and supplymanagement, PFRA,APSFRs, FHMsandFRMs compliantwithEUFDguidelineshavebeenpreparedas apilot study for the Iput river (in theDobrush city area)with ascale of 1:10,000 for water depth and flood extent using the return periods addressed in theaforementionedprojects.

3AfirstdraftoftheriverbasinmanagementplanforUpperDnieperhasbeendeliveredinFebruary2015.

42

4.2.5 FLOOD-WISEProjectonWesternBug(2010-2012)

FLOOD-WISE Project (2010-2012)was developed by theDistrictOffice ofWlodawa between theDistrictOffice ofWłodawa (Poland), CRICUWR (Belarus), National University ofWaterManagement and NatureResourcesUse(Ukraine)andfundedbytheInterregionalCooperationProgrammeINTERREGIVC,andtheEURegionalDevelopmentFund.FortheWesternBugtransboundaryareasafloodriskassessmentstudyhas been carried out. High flow probabilities scenarios (1%, 5%, and 10% on a yearly basis) wereinvestigatedbymeansofstatisticalhydrologicalmethodsbasedonobserveddata(providedbytheHMSoftheRepublicofBelarus)anda1-DhydrodynamicmodeldevelopedbyCRICUWR.FHMsandFRMswitha1:50,000resolutionreportingwaterdepthsscenariosfortheselectedreturnperiodshavebeendraftedforallWesternBugbasin.FinallyafullycompliantwithEUFDprescriptionsdraftofaFRMPwasdeliveredasthelastdeliverableoftheProject.

4.3 FindingsandRecommendations

NEEDOFIMPROVEMENTCLASSIFICATION:HIGH,MODERATE,LOW

1–TranspositionofEUFDintonationallaw:HIGH

BelarushasnotyetofficiallytransposedEUFDinitsnationallegalframeworkandthereisnoharmonizationbetween the existing Belarus Program Engineering ProtectionMeasures from Flood for population andagriculturefor2005-2010andotherEU-directivesincludingEUFDandWFD.

ItisrecommendedtodraftbasicnationallegislationonfloodrisksassessmentandmanagementinlinewiththerequirementsofEUFD.

2–Unitsofmanagement:HIGH

Atpresent,Belarushasnobasininstitutions,neverthelesstherecentlyapprovedWaterCodenurturetheuseofa“riverbasinmanagementprinciple”throughtheconstitutionofBasinCouncilsonthebaseoftheterritorialbodiesoftheMoNREP,incompliancewithWFD.

ItisrecommendedtoappointthesenewlyconstitutedbodiesascoordinatorsfortheimplementationoftheEUFDatthebasinscale.

3–PreliminaryFloodRiskAssessment:MODERATE

PFRAinlinewithEUFDhasbeencarriedforthe5biggestbasinsonthebasisofhistoricalfloodsdatabaseandAPSFRsareavailableatdistrictandbasinscale.More refineddatahavebeencomputedduringpilotprojectsonlyforWesternBug,Iputriver(UpperDnieperbasin)andpartofthePripyat.

43

Itisrecommendedtoextendthedetailanalysistotherestofthecountry.Inaddition,itisrecommendedtoimplementatraining/capacitybuildingprogrammededicatedtoBasinCouncilstostrengthentheirroleasleadingauthoritiesatbasinscale.

In response to this recommendation the MoNREP highlighted that according to the Resolution of theCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusof20June2013#503"OnCertainIssuesoftheMoNREPoftheRepublicofBelarus",thecompetenceoftheMinistrydoesnot includetheissuesoffloodhazardandriskprevention,includingthoserelatedtodevelopmentoffloodriskmanagementplans.Moreover,undernational legislation including the one considering the administrative and territorial local self-governancesystem (oblast, rayon), it isopinionof theMoNREP that theactions (aspartof roadmaps)proposedbyinternationalexpertswithrespecttotheGovernment,theMoNREPandBasinCouncilsarepremature.

4–FloodHazardandFloodRiskMaps:MODERATE

AssaidforPFRA,thisissueismostlytakencareofbymeansofpilotprojects,liketheonesonWesternBug,Pripyattributaries(Styr,Prostyr,Yeselda)andIputandtheseprojectsrepresentasoundbasisforthefullimplementationofEUFD.

Itisrecommendedtofundanational-scaleinitiativetocompletetheprocess.Inaddition,itisrecommendedtoimplementatraining/capacitybuildingprogrammededicatedtoBasinCouncilstostrengthentheirroleasleadingauthoritiesatbasinscale.

In response to this recommendation the MoNREP highlighted that according to the Resolution of theCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusof20June2013#503"OnCertainIssuesoftheMoNREPoftheRepublicofBelarus",thecompetenceoftheMinistrydoesnot includetheissuesoffloodhazardandriskprevention,includingthoserelatedtodevelopmentoffloodriskmanagementplans.Moreover,undernational legislation including the one considering the administrative and territorial local self-governancesystem (oblast, rayon), it isopinionof theMoNREP that theactions (aspartof roadmaps)proposedbyinternationalexpertswithrespecttotheGovernment,theMoNREPandBasinCouncilsarepremature.

5–FloodRiskManagementPlans(FRMP):HIGH

CurrentlytherearenooperationalRBMPsinthecountry,adraftisavailableonlyforUpperDnieperandthedevelopment of RBMPs for 5 main rivers (Upper Dnieper, Pripyat, Western Bug, Nieman and WesternDvina) is underway.Nonetheless, the focusof theseplans is onwaterquality and floodsareaddressedmarginally.

Forthisreason,itisrecommendedtoincludefloodriskmanagementprinciplesinlinewithEUFD.

44

ItisnoteworthytorecallthatEUFD-compliantFRMPsalsoconsistofaneffectiveEWS.Belarushasalreadyinplaceaneffectivesystemforweatherandfloodforecasting(managedbytheStateHydro-meteorologicalServiceundertheMoNREP)andresponse(MoES).

Nonetheless,forafurtherdevelopmentofthewholesystem,itisrecommendedtoimprovetheefficiencyofthe observational network, increasing the number of automated stations (rain gauges, thermometers,hydrometersetc.).

In response to this recommendation the MoNREP highlighted that according to the Resolution of theCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusof20June2013#503"OnCertainIssuesoftheMONREPoftheRepublicofBelarus",thecompetenceoftheMinistrydoesnot includetheissuesoffloodhazardandriskprevention,includingthoserelatedtodevelopmentoffloodriskmanagementplans.Moreover,undernational legislation including the one considering the administrative and territorial local self-governancesystem (oblast, rayon), it isopinionof theMoNREP that theactions (aspartof roadmaps)proposedbyinternationalexpertswithrespecttotheGovernment,theMoNREPandBasinCouncilsarepremature.

6–Datasharing:MODERATE

Inorder to increasebothpublicawareness to floodhazardandfloodriskmappingand inter-institutionalinformationexchange,itwouldbebeneficialtosharethosedatausingastate-of-the-artweb-basedtool.

Forthisreason,itisrecommendedtopromotetheuseoftheERRAforbothgeneralpublicandinstitutionalstakeholders.

4.4 RoadMap

Topic Recommendation Who How When

EUFDtransposition

Improvethebodyoflawon

managementoffloodrisks

includingriskassessmentinline

withEUFD

MES(coordinator)

Establishingandorganizingtheworkpathofaworkinggroupincludingallthestakeholderstodraftaproposal

forlawimprovement

mid2016

EUFDtransposition Improvethebodyoflawon

MES(coordinatorof

Prepareaproposalforsub-

end2016

45

managementoffloodrisks

includingriskassessmentinline

withEUFD

theestablishedWG)

legislationimprovementfollowingtheindicationsoftheEUFD

Unitsofmanagement

OfficialdesigningofBasinCouncils

asmainimplementer

MoNREP

EstablishingaWGincludingthe

properstakeholderstodraftanad-hoclegislation.

mid2016

Unitsofmanagement

OfficialdesigningofBasinCouncils

asmainimplementer

CabinetoftheMinisters/MoNREP

Draftpropersub-legislationtoassignthe

updatingoftheWaterCode

end2016

PreliminaryFloodRiskAssessment

Nation-wideextensionofthe

PFRAandmandatetoMoNREP

MoNREP/MES

EstablishingaWGbetweenMESand

MoNREPand

Developaworkingdocumentbetween

MNREP/MESforthemandateassignment

end2016



PFRAandmandatetothe

MoNREP

MoNREP/MES

ProposalforModificationofthenational

budgettofundacountry-widemappingcampaign

mid2017

PreliminaryFloodRisk Capacitybuilding CRICUWR Developmentand

mid2017

46

Assessment Implementationofa

training/capacitybuilding

programmeforBasinCouncils



PFRABasinCouncils

Surveyandmapsdrafting

2017

FloodHazardandRiskMapsNation-wide

extensionofFHandFRmapping


Modificationsofthenational

budgettofundacountry-widemappingcampaign

mid2016

FloodHazardandRiskMaps Capacitybuilding CRICUWR

Implementationofa

training/capacitybuilding

programmeforBasinCouncils

mid2017

FloodHazardandRiskMapsNation-wide

extensionofFHandFRmapping

BasinCouncilsApplicationofthedevelopedmethodologies

mid2018

FloodRiskManagementPlans

IncludingEUFDprescriptions(Art.7)intoRBMPs


Updateofthecurrent

legislationonriverbasin

managementplans

mid2016


Plansdrafting BasinCouncils

ApplicationoftheEUFD

prescriptionstoRBMPs

mid2020

FloodRiskManagement Preparationofa StateHydro- Plandrafting 2016

47

Plans planforEnhancementoftheobservational

network

meteorologicalService

(coordinator)


Enhancementoftheobservational

network

StateHydro-meteorological

Service(coordinator)

Purchase,installationandcalibrationofautomated

stations(subjecttobudgetavailability)

2018

DataSharing

Openaccesstoflood-relateddataforpublicandinstitutions

MES

AdoptERRAasnational

platformforsharingrisk

informationdataamong

institutionsandthegeneral

public;developandadoptadatasharingpolicy

thatfacilitatetheexchangeofinformationamongline-ministries

end2016

48

5 DisasterRiskAssessment(DRA)


RobertoRudariCountryThematicFocalPoints N/A



The legal collection of the Republic of Belarus dealing with natural andman-made risks is subject of acomplex body of national, Ministerial, regional and local laws and decisions. As already, mentioned,BelarusianLawhasnotyetconformedtoEUFD4.Ontheotherhandthereisarichanddetailedlegislationdealing with natural and man-made fires in urban and/or forested land, mainly focused on disasterresponseandmanagement.Inchronologicalorder,theGovernmenthasdraftedtheselawsonsafetyintheemergency situations: Monitoring and forecasting of forest fires (STB 1408-2003), on the sustainablemanagementandforestexploitation(STB1582-2005),andthesustainableforestmanagementandforestuse(STB1708-2006).Then,on10August2010MoFhasapprovedthenewForestCodedeliveringtherulesoffireproofforestdevelopmentintheRepublicofBelarusandtherulesoffiresafetyintheforestsoftheRepublicofBelarus.ItisnoteworthytorecalltheTechnicalCodeofPracticeMonitoringandpredictionofemergencies (ТКP 304-2011/02300) approved and put into effect by the decision of theMES of April 8,2011№24 regulating the classification of the potential source of emergency situations, the emergencyforecasting operational activities and providing the official list of the republican state bodies and otherstate organizations subordinate to the Government of the Republic of Belarus enabled to carry outmonitoring,analysis,assessmentandforecastingoftheemergencysituations.


ThemainnaturalhazardsrelevantforBelarusare:floods,storms,heatwaves5andforestfires.AccordingtoCREDEM-DAT(February2015), stormsandheatwavesareheldresponsible foralmost90%ofvictims inthe period 1990-2014while floods account for the remaining 10%. Reversely, floods caused the 60% ofdamagesinthesameperiodasfortheaverageannualloss(i.e.,theexpectedlossperannumassociatedtothe occurrence of future perils assuming a reasonably long observation timeframe) this value rise up toalmost100%.

4Foranin-depthanalysisoffloodsseethesectiondevotedtoEUFDapproximation. 5A heat wave is "when the daily maximum temperature of more than five consecutive days exceeds the average maximumtemperatureby5°C,thenormalperiodbeing1961-1990”(source:WorldMeteorologicalOrganization).

49

At present, hazard and risk mapping for other perils than floods and forest fires is almost completelymissingoratverylowdetail(e.g.seismicriskmapsgeneratedbytheWorldHealthOrganization).

So far, themost relevant initiative for Belarus has been the PPRDEast Programmeduringwhich floods,wildfiresandtechnologicalriskshavebeenaddressed.

Forwildfires,adistrict-scalehazardmappinghasbeencomputedbyexpertsfromMESincollaborationwiththe consultancy of ITC-Twente. Wildfires hazard mapping has been carried out using the fuel modeldeveloped by ITC-Twente during theMatra Project based on DEM (AsterDEM) and land cover from thenationalavailablesourcesandsatellitemultispectralimagery.

All the necessary datawere collected from sources available atMES. Asset security-sensitive dataweretransformed byMES staff from quantitative to qualitative indicators. All the transformation procedureshave been described in detail to be fully comparable at regional and sub-regional level with the onesdeveloped by the other ENPI countries. Critical assets were taken and classified from public sources(Internet,paperatlases)andwerecollectedandtransformedintheformatsrequiredbyITCmethodologyforcriticalassetevaluation.Vulnerabilitydatawerecollectedfromnationalcensusdata.

Finally, the risk level has been estimated by crosschecking the likelihood of the hazard with thevulnerability6mappingandthecriticalassetsmapping.

AllthemapsandinformationarecurrentlyavailabletoregisteredusersontheERRAplatforminstalledatMES.

Againregardingthewildfires,MFiscurrentlycarryingoutaten-yearslongassessmentinordertocalculatewildfirestrendforseasonalstatisticswiththepurposeofidentifyingthemostwildfire-proneareas.

As of today, MF have classified forest districts in different risk classes (level 1, 2, and 3 respectively)dependingon:

● localcompositionofforest

● climatologicconditions

● transportaccessibility

● sizeofpopulationlivingwithintheforestornearby

● levelofpost-Chernobylaccidentcontamination7.

Theclassificationwasintroducedin2009anditisupdatedevery5-6years.AlltheinformationneededforclassificationisprovidedbytheBelStatexceptforclimatology(StateHydro-meteorologicalService).6The vulnerability assessment was based on the Prevalent Vulnerability Index, which sets out to interpret statistical datacoveringindicatorsofexposureandsusceptibility,socialeconomicfragilityandlackofresilience 7Evangeliou,N.,Balkanski,Y.,Cozic,A.etal.(2014).WildfiresinChernobyl-contaminatedforestsandriskstothepopulationandthe environment:Anewnucleardisasterabout tohappen?Environment International73, 346–58.DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.012 Forest. Human.Chernobyl. Fundamentals of radio-ecological forestry / under general edition of V.A. Ipatiev. - Gomel:InstituteofforestNationalAcademyofSciences,Belarus,2005.–535p.

50



1–TranspositionofDRAEUGuidelinesintolegislativeframework:HIGH

Withregardtolegalframework,theconceptofriskassessment–evenaspartofriskmanagement–inthenationallegislationisalmostcompletelymissing.

It is recommended todevelop legislationon systematicdisaster riskassessment in linewithEUapproachandstandardsregardingatleastthemostrelevantperilsforBelarus.

2–Institutionalsetup:HIGH

PresentlegislationputsMoESinchargeofthemainpowersandauthorityinthefieldofcivilprotectionanddisaster management with the assistance of its regional (territorial) authorities. MoES is the NationalPlatform forDRRand theHFAFocalPointaswell. Yet,even thecoordinator role is clearlyappointedbyLaw, the involvement of other scientific and institutional bodies within the disaster risk assessmentframeworkinnotwell–oratall-defined.

Itisrecommendedtodraftallandanysub-legislationneededtoclarifywhichinstitutionwillbeinchargeofcoordinatingtheworkinggroupsforeachperil.

3–Hazardmapping:MODERATE

As said, themore recent hazardmapping have beenmostly developed during PPRD East Programme atdistrict scale or coarser thus inappropriate for decision supportingduring (or before) an emergency. Formany perils, e.g., the weather-related ones like storms, droughts, windstorm, hail storm etc., noassessmentstudiesareavailable.

Forthisreason, it isrecommendedthe implementationofatraining/capacitybuildingprogrammefortheinstitutionalstakeholderswiththeaimofdevelopingthemethodologiesneededforanation-widecampaignofmulti-hazardmapping.

In response to this recommendation the MoNREP highlighted that according to the Resolution of theCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusof20June2013#503"OnCertainIssuesoftheMoNREPoftheRepublicofBelarus",thecompetenceoftheMinistrydoesnot includetheissuesoffloodhazardandriskprevention,includingthoserelatedtodevelopmentoffloodriskmanagementplans.Moreover,undernational legislation including the one considering the administrative and territorial local self-governance

51

system (oblast, rayon), it isopinionof theMoNREP that theactions (aspartof roadmaps)proposedbyinternationalexpertswithrespecttotheGovernmentandtheMoNREParepremature.

4–RiskMapping:MODERATE

Coherentlywiththepreviouspoint,riskmappingiscurrentlyavailableatdistrictscaleorcoarser,andonlyforforestfiresandtechnologicalhazards.

Forthisreason, it isrecommendedthe implementationofatraining/capacitybuildingprogrammefortheinstitutional stakeholders with the aim of developing the methodologies of risk mapping that areappropriatefordifferentpurposes,e.g.,strategicplans,emergencyplans,contingencyplansetc.Afurtherrecommendationistodevelopamulti-riskapproach,whichisatpresentcompletelymissing.

In response to this recommendation the MoNREP highlighted that according to the Resolution of theCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusof20June2013#503"OnCertainIssuesoftheMoNREPoftheRepublicofBelarus",thecompetenceoftheMinistrydoesnot includetheissuesoffloodhazardandriskprevention,includingthoserelatedtodevelopmentoffloodriskmanagementplans.Moreover,undernational legislation including the one considering the administrative and territorial local self-governancesystem (oblast, rayon), it isopinionof theMoNREP that theactions (aspartof roadmaps)proposedbyinternationalexpertswithrespecttotheGovernmentandtheMoNREParepremature.

5–DataSharing:HIGH

In order to increase both public awareness to disasters and inter-institutional information exchange, itwouldbebeneficialtosharethosedatausingastate-of-theartweb-basedtool.

Forthisreason,itisrecommendedtopromotetheuseoftheERRAforbothgeneralpublicandinstitutionalstakeholders.

5.4 RoadMap


EUapproximationintoDRAnational

law

EvaluationoftheEUapproachin

DRA

MESandotherrelevantministries(MoF,MoNREP)

WGforanalysingmethodology

proposedintheEUapproach

mid2016

EUapproximationintoDRAnational

law

InclusionofEUGuidelinesinto

National

MoESDevelopsub-

legislationagreedbetweenthe

mid2016

52

Methodology relevantministries

Institutionalsetup

Officialdesigningofcoordinatorsforacomprehensive

multi-riskassessment

MoES

Developsub-legislationagreed

amongtherelevantMinistries.

mid2016

Hazardmapping8 Capacitybuilding

MoNREP/StateHydro-

meteorologyService

(coordinators)

Implementationofatraining/capacity

buildingprogrammeforhazardmapping

2015-2016

Hazardmapping

Implementationofmethodsformulti-hazardassessmentfullycompliant

withEUguidelines

MoNREP/StateHydro-

meteorologyService

(coordinator)

Establishingaworkinggroupincludingallthestakeholders

2015-2017

(includingthemapdrafting)

RiskMapping CapacitybuildingMoNREP

(coordinator)

Implementationofatraining/capacity

buildingprogrammeforrisk

mapping

2015-2016

RiskMapping

Implementationofmulti-riskandmulti-purpose

methodologiestocomplywithEU

guidelines

MoNREP(coordinator)


2015-2018

(includingmapsdrafting)

DataSharing

Openaccesstodisaster-related

dataforpublicandinstitutions

MoES

AdoptERRAasnationalplatformforsharingriskinformationdata

Early2016

8According to theResolutionof theCouncilofMinistersof theRepublicofBelarusof20.06.2013#503"OnCertain Issuesof theMinistry ofNatural Resources andEnvironmentProtectionof theRepublic of Belarus" the competenceof theMoNREPdoesnotinclude the issues of flood hazard and risk prevention, including those related to development of flood riskmanagement plans.Undernationallegislation,includingthatconsideringtheadministrativeandterritoriallocalself-governancesystem(oblast,rayon),onopinionoftheMoNREP,theactions(aspartofroadmaps)proposedbyinternationalexpertsinrespectoftheGovernment,theMinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentProtectionandbasincouncilsarestillearly.

53

amonginstitutionsandthegeneralpublic;developandadoptadatasharingpolicythat

facilitatetheexchangeof

informationamongline-ministries

54

6 DisasterLossDataCollectionandProcessing

KeyAssessorsPPRDEast2Experts LucaMolini

MarcoMassabòRobertoRudari



ManyinstitutionsareinchargeoflossdatacollectionandarchivinguponthelegislationoftheRepublicofBelarus.TheMinistryofEmergencySituationsusesInterBasedatabasecontrolsystemasprescribedbyLawoftheRepublicofBelarusonFireSafety(n.2403of15June1993)anditslateramendments(n.87-3of13November1997,AmendmentofFireSafetyact)andtheOrderoftheChiefStateInspectoroftheRepublicofBelarusonFireSupervisionn.167of20November2000.

APresidentialDecreeregulatesthedatabaseonfloodslosses,alsooperatedbyMES.

ThenationalinsurancecompanyBelgosstrakhwasappointedforlossdatacollectionbytheDecreeoftheCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusn.806of26November1993;theDecreeoftheCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusn.638of18May,2002;theSpecialPermit(License)n.02200/1300001of10December2003,issuedbytheMinistryofFinanceoftheRepublicofBelarus.

MinistryofForestry(MF)andNationalStatisticalCommitteeoftheRepublicofBelarus(BelStat)havebeenappointedforthemanagementofthedatabaseforemergencysituationsrelatedtoforestfiresbytheLawoftheRepublicofBelarusonFireSafetyn.2403of15June1993anditslateramendments(AmendmentofFireSafetyact,n.87-3of13November1997).


There are currently several fully operational disaster loss databases in Belarus. Many aspects on datacollection and reporting are taken into account with a good level of detail. This section provides anoverviewofthecurrentlyoperationallossdatabaseanalyzingthestructure,thekeyfeaturesandthestrongpointsofeachofthem.

MESmanages fourdisaster lossdatabases:generalemergencies (InterBase), fires (FireDb), floodsandonemergencycallstonumber112anditscurrentlyplanningtomergetheminauniquesystem.

AseparatedatabaseforforestfiresisheldundertheresponsibilityofMFandBelStat.Themainpurposeofthedatabasesare:lossaccounting,riskassessmentand,especiallyforfloods,disasterforensics.Generally

55

speaking, the common terms of reference for emergency situations is the CIS countries Klassificator9adopted by the Resolution of the MES of the Republic of Belarus n.17 of 19 February 2003 on theclassification of natural and technogenic emergencies.Within this framework, all institutional databasesrefertoauniquesetofdefinitions.

Exampleofanemergencyclassificationcard

EmergencyClass: EmergencyType

TechnogenicorNatural

Code10000

EmergencyGroup: Denomination

TransportAccidents(eg.)

Code10100 EmergencyCode

DynamicsofEmergencies:Stable

CodeS

Loss data collection and interchangeof information is carriedout at the appropriate levels (region, city,district,village)dependingonthesize(local,district,regional,national)oftheemergencysituationbytheregionaloperational centresofMES, the InformationCentresofCentralGovernmentbodies, theControlCentresofthelocalexecutiveandadministrativebodiesandtheInstitutionalInformationCentres.Reportsaresubmittedinelectronicformorhardcopydependingontheinstitutionondutyforakindofemergencysituation. For instance, electronic reporting is performed by using specialized software developed byBelStat10.

Since2013,onayearlybasis,BelStatdeliversthe“Reportonnaturalandman-madeemergencysituations”(excluding man-made fires). Usually, the economic loss data do not include the costs of emergencyresponse,actionstopreventdisaster,restorationofdestroyedanddamagedassets,affectedmaterialandnaturalresources,damagedpropertyandthelossofincomes/profits.

All theMES databases do not undergo any uncertainty assessment through state-of-the-art techniques(MAXO,NUSAP).BelStatevaluatesverificationandcoherenceoftheentriesonaquarterlyandyearlybasis.General public cannot access any of the databases, except for yearly summaries and reports (usuallypublishedonthewebsite).

Ministryof Forestry (MF)andBelStatare theprincipal stakeholderswith regard to forest firesdatabase.Entries referonly to firesoccurredunder the jurisdictionof theMFwhichaccounts for76%of the totalforested area. The remaining 24% is managed by other entities: in this case, wildfires enter the MES9AdoptedbytheInterstateCouncilforemergenciesofnaturalandmanmadeoriginon15August2002decisionN.16. 10ThesoftwareanduserguidecanbefoundonBelStatofficialwebsite(http://www.belstat.gov.by).

56

databases (InterBase) only if the authority in charge requires the intervention of theMinistry. Data areusuallycollectedbyMF’slocalbodiesand/orForestEntities.

BelgosstrakhisthenationalinsurancecompanyundertheumbrellaoftheMinistryofFinance.Itsdatabase(IAIS) is quite different from the previous ones, since the registered data regard insured cases with aspecific focus on the affected elements (movable/immovable properties), people affected and directmonetarylosses,withoutanyreferencetoKlassificator.

Finally,it isnoteworthymentioningthefactthatfromtheendof2014,MESiscollaboratingwithUNISDRforsharingdisasterlossdatathroughtheplatformDesInventar.Eventsaggregatedatthelevelofregionarecurrentlyavailableintothesystem.



1)Supportinglegislation:HIGH

Thenationalsystemfordisasterlossescollectionandreportingiscomposedbyseveralseparatedatabases(seven,at least)managedbyfourdifferent institutions.Althoughtheyareuniformintheclassificationofeventsandaffectedelements,theyareenforcedandruledbyseveraldecreesandgovernmentaldecisions.

It is recommendedtoupdatethe legislation inordertoprovideaclearcoordinationofthedisaster lossescollection and reporting and the unification of the database into a single repository open to all theinstitutionalstakeholders.

2)Adaptcurrent legislationandoperationalprocedurestoenablethesharingof lossdataatEuropeanandInternationallevel:MODERATE

In the last years CIS member states adopted a common terminology for disasters classification(Klassificator). Anyway, with the aim of amore internationally widespread sharing of data, it would bebeneficialtomovetowardsinternationalstandardsdesignedbyJRCorIntegratedResearchonDisasterRisk(IRDR)classification.

ItisrecommendedtoincludeinthecurrentlegislationandoperationalprocedurestherequirementsoftheGuidance for recording and sharing disaster damage and loss data (JRC, 2015 11 ). Specifically it isrecommendedtoadopttheExtension2oftherecommendations(Extension2:dataforspecificevents,fora

11Guidanceforrecordingandsharingdisasterdamageandlossdata–Towardsthedevelopmentofoperational indicatorstotranslatetheSendaiFrameworkintoaction:EUexpertworkinggroupondisasterdamageandlossdata;EuropeanCommission,JointResearchCentre, Institute for theProtectionand the Security of theCitizen, 2015, ISBN978-92-79-47452-1, ISSN1831-9424.

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specifichazard,damageand lossperNUTS2/NUTS3andUnitofManagement (UoM),byeconomicsectorandbyownerandbystatusofownership(whobearsthelosses)).

3)Handlingofuncertainty:HIGH

Uncertainties are inherent in every step of the disaster loss data analysis framework; currently thevalidationprocessisanexclusivedutyoftheBelStat.

Itisrecommendedtoadoptaninternationalstandard-basedevaluationoftheuncertaintyineverystepofthe loss data collection and reporting, adopting, for instance, MAXO or NUSAP techniques (see JRCrecommendations, 201412). This uncertainty evaluation should be stored and recorded with the finalvalidatedversionofthedata.

4)DLDonanadvancedITsystem:MODERATE

Evenifallthedatabaseshavebeendevelopedwithinasolid ITframework, it isessentialtofacilitateandoptimize data collection, storage and interpretation. Many requirements in terms of damage datacollectionatvariousscales (local, regionalandnational)maysignificantlybenefit fromawell-designed ITsystem including an appropriate data model. MES has already initiated a process of unification of allDisasterLossDatabasesmanagedbyMES.Indoingsoacommondatabasewillbedeveloped.

ItisrecommendedthatMEScooperatewithPPRDEast2sothatthedatabaseisdesignedaccordingtothelatest international standards and can be easily integratedwith the ERRA platform in case ERRAwill beintegratedwiththeSoPsofMES.

5)EncouragingPuPandPPP:HIGH

Theparticipationofall stakeholders in thedata collectionand recordingprocessensuresownershipandenhancetheutility,hencethefutureutilization,ofdisaster lossdata.Public-publicpartnership (PuP)andPublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)shouldbefurtherencouragedandtheroleandutilityoflossdatashouldbediscussed across government departments, including emergency management, urban planning, andgovernmentbudgetandacrossallgovernmentscalesandparticipativegovernancefora(localtonational).High-levelrequirementsshouldbeinformedbypublicandprivateneedsacrosssectors.

It is recommended to increase theengagementof theprivateandpublic sectors into theprocessofdatacollection,recordingandsharing.

6)Informationsharing:HIGH

12CurrentstatusandbestpracticesforDisasterLossDatarecordinginEUmemberstates-AcomprehensiveoverviewofcurrentpracticeintheEUMemberStates:DeGroeveT.,K.Poljansek,D.Ehrlich,C.Corbane;EuropeanCommission,JointResearchCentre,InstitutefortheProtectionandtheSecurityoftheCitizen,2014,ISBN978-92-79-43549-2.

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All the loss database analysed during the assessment mission do not provide public access: thedevelopment of a sharing policy using an opendata approach in a commondata standardwill certainlysupportboth trans-boundaryand international risk reductionprocesses. Summaryoraggregate statisticsshouldbesharedaspartofacomprehensiveopendatapolicyandsectorialanalysisshouldbeaddressed.At present, the possibility of analysing the distribution of losses by category (e.g., ECLAC) in order togeneratesummariesand/oraggregatestatisticsisnotavailableinthedatabase.

It is recommended to develop and adopt a data sharing policy framework that facilitates national andinternational institutions, organizations and general stakeholders to access disaster loss data. ERRAplatformcanbethetechnologicalsupportfortheimplementationofthepolicyframework.

6.4 RoadMap


Legislation

EnhancethecoordinationoftheDLDmanagementandtheunificationofthedatabases

CabinetoftheMinistries

Updateofthecurrentlegislation

2016

Legislation

Adaptcurrentlegislationandoperationalproceduresto

enablethesharingoflossdataatEuropeanand

Internationallevel

MoES(coordinator)

CabinetoftheMinistries

Consultationsbetweendifferentstakeholdersandupdatecurrentlegislation

2016

Uncertaintyassessment

Adoptasharedmethodologyto

estimateuncertainty

MoES


2016

ITupgradeforDLD

UseofanadvancedIT

systemfordatareporting

MES

DevelopmentofanERRAmoduleforDLD.Provide

trainingandcapacitybuildingtonationalandlocalauthorities

2017

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Public/PublicandPublic/PrivatePartnership

Enhancetheengagementofvariousactorsin

DLD

MoES(coordinator)

Consultationsbetweendifferent

stakeholders2017

DatasharingOpenDLDtopublicandinstitutionsthroughERRA

MoES(coordinator)

Workinggroupforthedevelopingofdatasharingpolicyframeworkon

disasterlossdata

2018

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7 InclusionofDisasterRiskReductioninPublicSpending

KeyAssessorsPPRDEast2Expert AntonínPetr



Thebudget legislation isbasedon theConstitutionof theRepublicofBelarusand includes the followinglegislativeacts:

• BudgetCodeoftheRepublicofBelarus16July2008№412-3;

• DecreesandordersofthePresidentoftheRepublicofBelarusgoverningfiscalrelations;

• ResolutionoftheGovernmentoftheRepublicofBelarus,ajointresolutionoftheGovernmentoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheNationalBank,governingfiscalrelationsandadoptedonthebasisofandpursuanttotheBudgetCode;

• Normative legal actsadoptedby theMinistryof Financeof theRepublicofBelarus (MoF)or theMinistryofFinanceandtheNationalBankoftheRepublicofBelarus,orothercentralgovernmentbodiestogether(byagreement)withtheMinistryofFinance;

• Normative legalactsof localgovernmentandself-government, taken inthecasesandwithinthelimits provided by the Budget Code and adopted in accordance with it laws governing fiscalrelations.

As set up by the Budget Code, the budgetary system of the Republic of Belarus is formed by twoindependentparts-thenationalbudgetandlocalbudgets.

Thenationalbudgetisapprovedbythenational law,localbudgetsareapprovedbythedecisionsoflocalCouncilsofDeputies.

The institutions responsible for budget planning for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Disaster RiskManagement(DRM)atthenationallevelaretheMinistryofFinanceoftheRepublicofBelarus(MoF)andthe Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus (MES) as the central governmentalauthorityresponsibleforthepreventionandeliminationofemergencysituationsofnaturalandman-madedisaster,aswellasfire,industrial,nuclearandradiationsafety,theeliminationoftheconsequencesoftheChernobylcatastrophe, thecreation,preservationandmobilizationofstatematerial reserve;at the localleveltheyarelocalexecutivecommitteesandrayonexecutivecommittees.Thebudget-planningperiodisoneyearwithperspectiveforthreeyears.

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AccordingtotheBudgetCode,thenationalbudgetidentifiesfollowingexpenditures,whichhavedirectorindirectrelationtoDRRandDRMactivities.Primarily,underthechapter“Judiciary, lawenforcementandsecurity”, it is functioning of organs and departments for emergency situations and prevention andeliminationofconsequencesofemergencysituations.ThereisalsoanumberofotherexpendituresrelatedtoDRR/DRMlistedunderotherchapters–education,environment,health,transport,forestry,agriculture,etc. -e.g. formationofreservefund,thestatematerialreserve,activitiescarriedoutbytheStateHydro-meteorologicalServiceoftheRepublicofBelarus,etc.

The structure of the local budgets for funding of the DRR and DRM related expenditures replicates tocertain extend the structure of the national budget. In accordance with the law on prevention andeliminationofconsequencesofemergencysituationsthey include:maintenanceofthedivingandrescueservices,aswellas,underthe“Judiciary,lawenforcementandsecurity”chapter,functioningoforgansanddepartmentsforemergencysituations.

TheBudgetCodeprovides framework for theestablishmentof the reserve fundsof thePresidentof theRepublicofBelarusandtheGovernmentoftheRepublicofBelarus,aswellasforcreationofreservefundsoflocalexecutiveandadministrativebodies.Thetotalamountofthereservefundsofthenationalbudgetcannotexceed2percentof thenationalbudget revenues.Theamountof thereserve fundsof the localexecutiveandadministrativebodiesisestablishedbydecisionsoflocalCouncilsofDeputiesinthebudgetforthenextfiscalyearandmaynotexceed1percentoftherevenuesoflocalbudgets.Thereservefundofthe Government of the Republic of Belarus and local executive and administrative bodies are spent onpreventionand liquidationofemergenciesand to fundsimilarexpenses.Thedecisionon theiractivationanduseistakenbytheCommissionsforEmergencySituationsatnationalandlocallevels,respectively.

The reserve fund of the local executive and administrative bodies are utilized in the territory of therespectiveadministrative-territorialunit.

TheWorldBank(WB)togetherwiththeMinistryofFinanceisimplementingaprojectfocusedonImprovingTransparency and Efficiency of Public Financial Management. The project objective is to be achievedthrough provision of an assistance in 1) preparing a comprehensive public financial managementmodernization program, 2) preparing the functional and technical design of an integrated financialmanagementsystem,and3)buildingcapacityforfuturereformandprojectimplementation.


ThefindingsofthePPRDEast2assessmentmissiontoBelarus,whichwas,interalia,focusedoninclusionof DRR in public spending, acknowledge well established system for inclusion of DRR and DRM relatedactivities into the budget planning and programing, including the existence of an automated system for

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financingoftheDRR/DRMmeasuresandforevaluationoftheadequacyoffinancialresourcesallocatedforDRR/DRMactivities.Thesystemisbuiltontheexistingsolid legaland institutional frameworkforbudgetplanning and for civil protection and disaster risk management. This provides good potential for thecountry to meet the Sendai Framework for Risk Reduction 2015 and 2030, priority 2 – “Strengtheningdisasterriskgovernancetomanagedisasterrisk”.

Since the Sendai Frameworkput additional accent on “Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience”(priority3),moreparticularlyon“promotionoftheintegrationofdisasterriskreductionconsiderationsandmeasuresinfinancialandfiscalinstruments”theassessmentidentifiedanareaforfurtherenhancement.

Theexistingsystemdoesnotallowsufficientlydetailed insight into financialaspectsofall individualDRRandDRMactions,particularlywhenitisoutsideoftheareaofresponsibilityoftheMESorwhenitinvolvesactionswhicharelessobviouslyrelatedtoDRRandDRM.Itiscausedbythelackofexistingmethodologiesforallocating, trackingand registeringofallDRRandDRMactions in thebudget systematboth levels–central and local. Therefore, it is not possible to seewhat exact amountswere invested to prevention,preparedness and response, as well as to reconstruction and rehabilitation measures by the variousnational and local interlocutors/institutions/stakeholders. The ability to clearly identify, record andconsequentlytoevaluateallactionsimplementedwithinDRR/DRMatnationalandlocallevelwouldallowcomparisonoftherealDRR/DRMexpendituresagainstthedisasterlossdata.Thiscomparisonwillhelptoprove that well planned investments into DRR/DRM significantly decrease the impact of disasters onpopulation, environment, economy, infrastructure and cultural heritage, thus equally decreasing thehumanandeconomic losses. It isparticularly importantwhen the resourcesavailable forDRR/DRMaregenerallylowerthanthoseonresponsedespitetheirpositivefiscalimpactandgettingevenscarcer.

InordertoaddresstheaboveissuesthePPRDEast2recommendsfollowing:

• toreviseandifnotsufficient,toenhancethenationalinstitutionalCP/DRMframeworkinordertoprovide/createadequatecapacity fordevelopmentand implementationoftheDRR/DRMbudgetallocationtrackingsystem;

• to analysewhether theon-goingWBproject on Improving Transparency and Efficiencyof PublicFinancial Management could provide a basis/system for DRR/DRM budget allocation trackingsystem;

• to develop and implement a methodology for the DRR/DRM budget allocation tracking andrecording system across the national system and replicate it at the local level. As a part of themethodology,establishaDRR/DRM“marker”toflagthose investmentsforwhichtheoutcomeisnot explicitly DRR/DRM but which through implementation will contribute to reduce/mitigatedisasterrisk;

• torevisetheexistingnationalsystemforevaluationoftheDRR/DRMexpendituresandinnovateitthatitwill1)givesimplequantifiableindicatorsshowingfiscalimpactonDRR/DRMand2)meettherequirementsofthenewsystemforDRR/DRMbudgetallocationtrackingandrecording;

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• tocreateanddelivertrainingsonthenewmethodologiesforofficialsfromfinancialunitsfromallrelevantnationalinterlocutors/institutions/stakeholdersdealingwithDRR/DRMmeasures.

7.4 RoadMap

The implementationof theWBproject is currently ina transitionalperiodand theMoF is switching toanewsystem-budgetprogrammingandmethodoftargetplanning,soatthisphasetheintroductionofsuchnew methodology would be complicated and premature. Therefore, the road map proposes theprioritizationoftherecommendationsandresponsibilitiesofinvolvedinterlocutorsbutnotthetimeframefortheirimplementations.

Activity1.1-Workshopto1)introduceanddiscusstheconceptoftheDRRbudgetallocationtrackingandrecordingsystemandto2)analysewhethertheWBprojectonImprovingTransparencyandEfficiencyofPublicFinancialManagementcanprovidesystem/basisforDRRbudgetallocationtrackingandrecordingsystem

Responsibility:SharedresponsibilityoftheMES,MoFandPPRDEast2Programme

Support:allnationalinterlocutorsactiveinDRR/DRM

Activity 1.2 - Development of themethodology for the DRR budget allocation tracking and recordingsystem

Responsibility:SharedresponsibilityoftheMoFandMES

Support:PPRDEast2Programme

Activity1.3–RevisionoftheexistingsystemforevaluationoftheDRRexpendituresanditsinnovationtotherequirementsofthenewsystemforDRRbudgetallocationtrackingandrecording



Activity1.4-Developmentofthetrainingcurriculumonthenewmethodologies

Responsibility:PPRDEast2Programme

Support:MoFandMES

Activity1.5-Finalisationofthetrainingprogrammepreparation

Responsibility:PPRDEast2Programme

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Support:MoFandMES

Activity1.6–Draftingandendorsementofa legaldocumentto institutionalisethenewsystemfortheDRRbudgetallocationtrackingandrecordingsystem–subjecttotheoutcomeofActivity1.3

Responsibility:MoFandMES


Activity1.7–Deliveryofthetrainingonthenewmethodologies–subjecttotheoutcomeofActivity1.3

Responsibility:SharedresponsibilityoftheMESandPPRDEast2Programme

Support:MoF

Activity 1.8 – Implementation of the newmethodologies for the DRR budget allocation tracking andrecordingsystemandforevaluationoftheDRRexpenditures–subjecttotheoutcomeofActivity1.3


Support:allnationalinterlocutorsactiveinDRR/DRM

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8 HostNationSupport

KeyAssessorsPPRDEast2Expert PhilLangdale

MichaelElmquistCountryThematicFocalPoint N/A



Thelegalandinstitutionalanalysisidentifiedthefollowinglegalactsthatmayhaveaneffectonhostnationsupport:

• Law No. 141/98 on the Protection of Population and Territories against Natural andMan-madeEmergencies,regulatingtheoverallorganisationalandlegalstandardsforresponseandprotectionofthepopulation;

• LawonEmergencyAuthoritiesandEntities,settingoutthe institutional frameworkofemergencymanagement, with detailing the obligations of the different entities. This lawmainly covers theresponseandrecoveryphasesofdisastermanagement;

• Lawno.117/2002ontheStateofEmergency,stipulatingthelegalandinstitutionalframeworkforthe declaration of the state of emergency, as special temporary legal regime applicable. Noreferenceismadetowardsnaturaland/orman-madedisasters;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRussian Federation on cooperation andmutual assistance in the prevention ofmajor accidents,naturaldisastersandliquidationoftheirconsequences;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRepublic of Poland on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and cooperation in the field ofradiationsafety;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRepublic of Austria on the exchange of information in the field of nuclear safety and protectionagainstionisingradiation;

• Agreementbetween theGovernmentof theRepublic of Belarus and theCabinet ofMinisters ofUkraineoncooperationinemergencypreventionandmitigation;

• AgreementbetweentheGovernmentoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheGovernmentoftheKyrgyzRepubliconcooperationinthefieldofcivildefenceandemergencymanagement;

• Agreementbetween theGovernmentof theRepublic of Belarus and theCabinet ofMinisters ofUkraineonEarlyNotificationofaNuclearAccidentandcooperationinthefieldofradiationsafety;

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• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRepublic of Latvia on cooperation in preventing catastrophes, natural disasters and otheremergencies,aswellaseliminationoftheirconsequences;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRepublic of Lithuania on cooperation in preventing catastrophes, natural disasters and majoraccidents,aswellaseliminationoftheirconsequences;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Federal Council of theSwissConfederationoncooperationintheeventofadisaster,crisisormajoraccident;

• Memorandumof Cooperation between theMinistry of Emergency Situations of Belarus and theMinistryofInternalAffairsofIran;

• AgreementbetweentheGovernmentoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofIranoncooperationinthefieldofemergencypreventionandresponse;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRepublicofMoldovaoncooperationinemergencypreventionandmitigation;

• Agreement between the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus and theNationalEmergencyManagementAgencyof theRepublicofKoreaoncooperation in the fieldofemergencymanagement;

• Agreement on Cooperation between the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic ofBelarusandtheMinistryofEmergencySituationsoftheRepublicofAzerbaijan;

• Agreement on Cooperation between the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic ofBelarusandtheMinistryofEmergencySituationsoftheRepublicofUzbekistan;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRepublicofKazakhstanoncooperationincivildefenceandemergencymanagement;

• ProtocolonCooperationbetweentheMinistryofEmergencySituationsoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheMinistryofPublicSecurityoftheSocialistRepublicofVietnaminthefieldoftrainingandresearchinthefieldoffiresafetyandtheactivitiesofemergencyservices;

• Agreement between the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus and theMinistry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Armenia on cooperation in the field ofemergencymanagement;

• MemorandumofUnderstandingbetweentheMinistryofEmergencySituationsoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheDepartmentofCivilProtectionofthePresidiumoftheCouncilofMinistersoftheItalianRepublicinthefieldofemergencymanagement;

• Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and theGovernment of the State of Qatar on cooperation in the field of prevention and liquidation ofemergencysituationsandnaturaldisasters;

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• Agreement between the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus and theCommittee of Emergency Situations andCivil Defence under theGovernment of the Republic ofTajikistanoncooperationinemergencyprevention;

• AgreementbetweentheRepublicofBelarusandtheUnitedNationsonmeasurestoexpeditetheimport, export and transit of relief consignments and possessions of relief personnel of disasterreliefandemergencysituations;

• MemorandumofUnderstandingbetweentheMinistryofEmergencySituationsoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheMinistryofCivilAffairsofthePeople'sRepublicofunderstandingandcooperationinthefieldofpreventionandeliminationofconsequencesofemergencies;

• AgreementbetweentheGovernmentoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheGovernmentofJapanoncooperationinovercomingtheconsequencesofaccidentsatnuclearpowerplants;

• MemorandumofUnderstanding in the fieldofemergencymanagementbetween theMinistryofEmergencySituationsoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheNationalEmergencyManagementAgencyoftheRepublicofIndonesia;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRepublic of Armenia on the exchange of information and cooperation in nuclear safety andradiationprotection;

• AgreementbetweentheMinistryofEmergencySituationsoftheRepublicofBelarusandtheStateInspectorateforNuclearRegulationofUkraineoncooperationinthefieldofnuclearandradiationsafety

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRussianFederationonEarlyNotificationofaNuclearAccidentandtheexchangeofinformationinthefieldofnuclearandradiationsafety;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRussianFederationoncooperationinthefieldofaviationsearchandrescue;

• Agreement between the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus and theMinistryofInternalAffairsofGeorgiaoncooperationinthefieldofemergencymanagement;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government ofTurkmenistanoncooperationinthefieldofemergencypreventionandresponse;

• Agreement between the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus and theMinistryofLocalGovernmentoftheSyrianArabRepubliconcooperationinthefieldofemergencymanagement;

• Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of theRepublic of Poland on cooperation in the field of prevention of accidents, natural disasters andotheremergencies,aswellaseliminationoftheircircumstances.

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Belarus has an established emergency procedure and this is headed by the Ministry for EmergencySituations, which has prime responsibility for emergency operations, which in turn, answers to theCommissionforEmergencySituations,whoaresubordinatetotheCouncilofMinisters,andresponsibleforstrategic coordination of emergency response activities. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs act as firstcounterpartwithforeigncountriesandorganisationsfortheprovisionofinternationalassistancetoBelarus.Howeverisnotyetformalisedandtherearenoofficialdocumentstosupportthissubject13.


Itwasconfirmed,duringdiscussionsattheNationalAdvisoryGroupmeetingheldon24-26November2015that the Ministry of Emergency Situations has focused on capacity and preparedness to assist othercountrieswhile not considering thepossible need toprovideHostNation Support for assistance comingintoBelarus.ItiscrucialforaneffectiveandefficientacceptanceofinternationalassistancethatBelarus,inadvance of the emergency, identifies and addresses the most common/expected legal issues that mayconstitute obstacles to the overall objective of facilitating acceptance of international assistance. HostNationSupportrequiresthebackingoflawsandsublaws,whicharetobedevelopedandadoptedpriortothe event happening, so that ad hoc decisions are not performed in the field during emergencies. Theresponsibility falls on the relevant government departments to coordinate and jointly develop theseregulations(SOPs)toprovideasolidplatformonwhichtoperformhostnationsupportdutiesintheeventof Belarus requesting and receiving international assistance. As a priority, the Ministry of EmergencySituations(MES)shouldengagetherelevantdepartmentstodeveloptheSOPsforhostnationsupportforpersonnel to refer to in the timeofanemergency.These shouldbe triedand testedat the forthcomingPPRDEast2HNSTTXscheduledfor29-31March2016.Attendancebypersonnelfromthesedepartmentsonexercisesshouldbeencouragedtoenhancetheknowledgeandunderstandingandpromoteinteragencycooperation.

8.4 RoadMap

As the Ministry responsible for the coordination of all rescue activities, the MES should head thedevelopment of host nation support, and in order to achieve a fully functional host nation supportstructureby2018,thefollowingmilestonesmustbeachieved;

The MES will ensure all levels of emergency management authorities/actors are aware of the EU CPMechanism.13PPRDEastProgramme-TechnicalReport#4:“StrengtheningTheEasternRegion’sInstitutionalAndLegislativeFrameworks”

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ForHostNationSupporttobesuccessful, it isvitalthatcooperationbyallassociatedMinistries isagreedandunderstood.Forthatreason,theMESneedtoensuretheparticipation,intheforthcomingTTX,ofthefollowinginstitutions:

• MinistryofForeignAffairs;

• MinistryofInternalAffairs;

• StateCustomCommittee;

• StateBorderCommittee;

• StateSecurityCommittee;

• MinistryofFinance;

• MinistryofEconomy;

• MinistryofLabourandSocialProtection;

• MinistryofTransportandCommunications;

• MinistryofEnergy;

• BelarusianStateConcernforOilandChemistry;

• MinistryofIndustry;

• MinistryofHousingandUtilities;

• MinistryofAgricultureandFood;

• MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalProtection;

• MinistryofHealth;

• NationalAcademyofSciencesofBelarus;and

• MinistryofForestry.

Bytheendof2016,writtenSOPs,whicharedocumentscontainingthehostnationsupportknowledgeandidentifyingtheroleofeachpartnershouldbesetinplace.TheSOPtemplate,includedintheannextothisdocument,shouldbeusedtocompletethisprocess.Howeveritmustbeunderstoodthatthistemplateisnotexhaustiveandcontingenciesneedtobeagreed.Thesedocumentsshouldbedraftedby the timeoftheorganisationoftheHNSTTXinBelarus,sothedraftSOPscanbeusedandtested.

Finalised HNS SOPs should be developed by the middle of 2017. Use of the EU Host Nation SupportGuidelines(HNSG)andtemplatesishighlyrecommended14.

Uptothemiddleof2018,theMESshoulddevelopandadoptaregularprogrammeofexercises,whichwill

14EUHostNationSupportGuidelineshttp://www.euroeastcp.eu/assets/files/Publications/EU%20Host%20Nation%20Support%20Guidelines_EN.pdf,http://www.euroeastcp.eu/assets/files/Publications/EU%20Host%20Nation%20Support%20Guidelines_RUS.pdf

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assist inthecapacitybuildingandtrainingofhostnationsupportofficers. Theseexerciseswillalsoassistotherinstitutions/departmentstounderstandhostnationsupport.

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9 EUapproachtoVolunteerisminCivilProtection

KeyAssessorsPPRDEast2Expert DavideMiozzo



TheBelorussianemergencymanagementcontextmustbeunderstoodcarefullyinordertobettercollocateandassessthevolunteeringsystemthathasbeendevelopedinthelastdecades.

Belarus has a centralized and well-organized civil protection system. In charge of it is the Ministry ofEmergencySituations(MES),whichisalsothemainactor, involvedinthemanagementofnon-structuredcivilprotectionforces.ResolutionofCouncilofMinistersofRepublicofBelarusn.495of10April2001anditslateramendments(lastofwhichin2014)haveprovidedtoMESthenecessarypowerstouseallforcesand equipment/resources needed to face emergencies (including formations of citizens structured asvolunteeringteams).Addingtothis,theLawontheProtectionofPopulation(N.141of5May1998),setsupthecommandandcontrolchainwhichdemandsall levelsofthepublicadministration,toadoptplansonemergency management. These plans are developed at national, regional, and district level. Alsocompanies(privateorpublic)withmorethan300employeesmustdevelopsuchaplan.Suchrequirementiscontainedinart.30ofthe“Regulationonstatesystemforemergencysituationspreventionandremoval”and in the “Note to Organisation of state system for emergency situations prevention and removal”(adoptedbytheResolutionoftheCouncilofMinistersof10April2001#495andfurthermodifications).

Figure 1. Volunteers within the civil protection command and control chain in Belarus

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Thoseplansareupdatedeveryyearunderguidanceof theMES,whichprovidesyearlyguidelines for therenewal,andadjustmentofplans.

ItmustbenotedthatthetrendofactivationsofMESduetoemergencies(differentthanforestfires)hasseenasteepdecreasefrom9545in2007to681315in2014.

Although very well organized and increasingly effective at central level, demographic fluctuations,economic conditions and a general lack of competence at local (municipal) level represent a constantthreat. Fires (both urban and forest fires) in peripheral areas in fact occur, mainly, due to insufficientknowledge about heating and cooking (it is mainly done using coal- and wood-firing stoves). Themostfrequentreasonoffiresarecarelessbehaviours(i.e.throwingcigarettesoutthewindowwhiledrivinginaforestedarea)–44%,powernetworksandpowerequipment–18%,stovesandheatgeneratingfacilities–15%,otherreasons–23%).

AddedtotheparticularmeteorologicalconditionsBelarushasseenin2014anincreaseofthenumberofforestfires(firesinforests,onpeatfields,grassandshrubfiresfrom1093casesin2013upto4414in2014.Itmustbestressedthatthereasonofsuchanincreaseseemstobetheanomaloushotweatherandlong-

15Of those 6802 – fires, 11 – explosions, accidentswith emission of potent toxic substances, sudden destruction of structures,accidentsatpowersystemfacilitiesetc.

Figure 1. Number of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Belarus

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lastinglackofrainonterritoriescoupledwithalowknowledgeonfirepreventioninperipheralareas.Thesituationissoseriousthataccesstoforestshasbeenprohibitedduringthefireseason16.

Althoughthosenumbersmustn’tbeinterpretedinabsoluteterms,itcanbeunderstoodwhythemainareaofinterventionofvoluntaryformations(foreseenbytheLawoftheRepublicofBelarus“OnParticipationofCitizensinLawandOrderProtection”of26June2003#214-З17aswellastotheResolutionoftheCouncilofMinistersoftheRepublicofBelarusof13October1995#571“OnAdoptionofRegulationsonNon-staffFireBrigadesandSurveysofAnti-fireConditionofResidentialBuildings inSettlements”18)workingundertheMES is that of supporting professional fire-fighters. Their role is of fundamental importance in themanagementofsuchhazardoussituations,especiallywhenexternalfactors,suchasanomalouslyhotanddryweather,increasethenumberoffires.

Volunteer formations are even more important if seen in the light of the Order of the Ministry ofArchitectureandConstructionoftheRepublicofBelarusof26August2011#292whichadoptedandputinto force the Standard 45-2.02-242-2011* “Restriction of Fire Spread. Anti-fire Protection of ResidentialSettlements and Territories of Enterprises. Designing Construction Norms” which demands that a firefighterposthas tobeestablishedwithina3km, inurbanareas,or10km, in rural areas, radius from fireproneassets(forests,houses,factories,etc.).

Law“OnProtectionofPopulationandTerritoriesagainstNaturalandMan-madeEmergencySituations”of5May1998#141-З,initsart.16establishesthatallcostsrelatingtotheactivitiescarriedonbyworkersinstateof emergency, includingmeansandpersonal equipment,mustbe coveredby the companies, bothstate or private. Article 20 provides that citizens of the Republic of Belarus in the area of protection ofpopulation and territories against emergency situations have the right for free state social insurance,compensations and benefits for harm made to their health during involvement in actions related toremovalofemergencysituations.

Companies,inaccordancetotheLawmustalsoprovideadequatetrainingtothepersonnelinvolvedinsuchactivities.Iffundsarenotsufficient,theumbrellaMinistryshouldprovideadditionalfundsinorderforthecompanytobecompliantwiththerules,alsointheareaofDRR.Moreover,ifvolunteerunitsareactivated

16Thepossibilityofevacuatingresidentsinforestsandsettingrestrictionsonwoodexploitationinordertoensurefiresafetyisstipulated by item 5 of Fire Safety Rules in forests of the Republic of Belarus (PPB 2.38-2010), which were adopted by theResolution of theMinistry of Forestry of the Republic of Belarus(MF) on the 10th of August 2010. MF coordinates with theMinistry of Emergency Situations and all state governance bodies in charge of forestry and oblast (regional) executivecommitteestoensuretheapplicationofsuchResolution.Therighttosetabanisgrantedtolocalexecutiveandadministrativebodies(regionalanddistrictexecutivecommittees).Thebanannouncedbyforestrybodies(officialsoftheMinistryofForestryandstateorganisationsundertheirsubordination)whenalertlevelIVorVforfirehazardinforestandweatherconditionsareannounced(intotaltherearefivelevelsofforestfirehazardIisthelowestVthehighest).ThealertsareissuedinaccordancewiththeStandardoftheRepublicofBelarusSTB1408-2003“SafetyinEmergencies.MonitoringandForecastingofForestFires.GeneralRequirements”on thebasisofair temperatureat02:00p.m. (indegrees),duepoint (indegrees),numberofdrydaysaffectingthechangeofhumidityofforestinflammablematerials.17ThesaidLawprovidescitizenswiththerightofjoiningvolunteeringteamstoensurefiresafety.18TheResolutionadoptedtheregulationsonvolunteeringfireteamscreatedbyenterprises,institutions,organisations,groupsofnon-staff fire inspectors, fireand technicalcommissions, educationalandmethodological centres, local self-governancebodiesandenterprises.Apartdealingwithfiresafetytheyalsoaimateducatingpopulationwithfiresafetyrules.

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outside the normal working hours, they receive a monetary compensation. The additional payment tomembersofvolunteeringfirebrigadesismadeinaccordancewithart.25ofRegulationonvolunteeringfirebrigades (adoptedbytheResolutionof theCouncilofMinistersof theRepublicofBelarusof13October1995#571“OnAdoptionofRegulationsonNon-staffFireBrigadesandSurveysofAnti-fireConditionofResidentialBuildingsinSettlements”).

Participationofnon-staffmembersoffirebrigadeinremovaloffireoraccidentatworkingtimeaswellasfiresafetydutyatnon-workingtimeshallbepaid in theamountof2-hourratesofemployeeat thesaidenterpriseforeachhourofworkorduty.

Law141/1998,art.17,setssimilarrulesareinplaceforNGOsinvolvedintoemergencyactivities.Theyfallunder the coordinationof the competentauthoritiesbutmust fullyprovide for the logistics, subsistenceandhealthinsuranceofallthepersonnelandvolunteersinvolved.

A part the abovementioned laws that foresee the existence of volunteers there isn’t a specific law thatregulatestheirinvolvementwithinCPactivities.


The abovementioned system allows a profound planning of activities nationwide. In fact, at present, inBelarusthereare679Voluntaryfirebrigades.Theseteamsareusuallyformedofworkersinagriculturalorindustrial enterprises. They aremainly involved in activities of support, surveillance and containment offires.Teamsareorganizedonavoluntarybasis,andVolunteersarerequiredtobe18yearsold.Training,informofTOT(TrainingofTrainers),isprovidedbyMES,whichtriestoinvolvevolunteersintoexercisesalongwithordinaryunitsoftheMEStoincreasetheeffectivenessofthetrainings.

Currently,inordertoreducethelackofvolunteersthatcanformafulloperativeunit,insmallcommunities,MES is experimenting the creation of “mixed type” teams. Those teams are composed by amelange ofprofessionalsandvolunteers.Thisseemstobetheonlypossibilitytoobviatethelackofvolunteersthatcanbe involved inthosekindsofoperations inaccordancewithart8.4oftheTechnicalCodeofPracticeTCP45-2.02-242-2011 (“Restriction of Fire Spread. Anti-fire Protection of Residential Settlements andTerritoriesofEnterprises.DesigningConstructionNorms”)whichdemands that fire stations in rural areaneed to be within a 10 km distance (less in urban areas). Goingmore into details, 113 out of the 679brigades(comprisingofmorethan8000volunteers)areabletoprovidea24/7/365surveillance,whilst79areonduty24/7aroundtheclockonlyinparticularseasons.

MES has recently launched a socialmedia campaign for the involvement of citizens into CP activities asvolunteers.500persons,sofar,havecompletedthequestionnairepresentonthesite.Volunteersarealsodeployedinotherfieldsthanthatofforestfires,theyarealsodeployedforsportorculturaleventsand,ifrequiredbyMES,theycanbecalleduponandengagedinotheractivities.

MES gathers all the relevant information deriving from the competentministries and companies on theformationofteams,theirmeansandcapabilities.

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Inaddition toMESthereareother realities thatoperate in the fieldofVolunteering.TheBelarusianRedCross(BRC),forexampleisveryactive. TheBRCnotonlyprovidessupportincaseofnaturalhazardsbutalsosocialevents,war,socialmanifestations,etc.



1–Legalframework:HIGH

ThelegalframeworkaddressesalreadysomeoftheaspectsconcerningtheinvolvementofvolunteersinCPactivities.There isnot,however,a specific lawcollatingall the rightsandduties,defining roles, requiredcomportmentorSOPsfortheirengagement.

ItisrecommendedtorevisethecurrentsetoflawsbothconcerningtheinstitutionofVolunteerismandtheroleofcompanies.AspecificlawonvolunteerismorasetofSOPsontheroleofvolunteersactingwithintheCivilProtectionsystemisnecessarytoamelioratetheiractivity.

2–Institutionalsetup:MODERATE

VolunteersareawidespreadrealityinBelarus.Theyarepresentinallthemunicipalitiesandcompanies,setintoteams,aretrainedandfallunderdirectresponsibilityofMESduringcrisistimes.HowevertheroleofNGOsandcivilsocietyisnotperfectlyclear.

It is recommendedtodevelopandspecify therolesofvolunteers,volunteerorganizationsandNGOswithparticular emphasis on the development of long-term strategies for the improvement of communityresilience.Inparticular,SOPs,insupportofthemunicipalplansandmultilevelcivilprotectionsystemthatiscurrently in place in Belarus, should be developed to improve the effectiveness of the intervention ofvolunteers.Moreover, volunteers should support operatively professional teams in the development andimplementationofDRRcampaigns.

3–Networkingwithvolunteerorganisations:LOW

Only inrecentyearsNGOsandother InstitutionalactorshavestartedtoconnectwithMES.Althoughthevolunteersarealreadya functionalpartof theCivilProtectionsystem, it cannotbesaid thatnetworkingandcommunicationflowareclear.

Itisrecommendedtorefinethenationaldatabase,subdividedatregionallevel,ofvolunteersandvolunteerorganizations accounting for personal skills and available equipment. It is also recommended to developSOPs for theconstantupdateof thisdatabaseestablishing thusgoodcommunicationprotocolsbetweenorganizations,companiesandMES.

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4–Protectionofvolunteers:LOW

TheLawonProtectionofPopulationandTerritoriesfromtheNaturalandManmadeEmergenciesprovidesforcompaniesandNGOstofaceallrequirementsofvoluntarismduringemergencytimes.Whilecompaniesgrant the fulfilment of all the requirements, the state social insurance covers each citizen joiningvolunteeringgroupswhileofficiallydeployedforemergencysituations(art.16and20oflaw#141-3,5May1998),NGOsarerequiredtofullyprotectdeployedvolunteers.

ItisrecommendedtopromoteastudyontheprojectedcostsofinsuranceconsideringthepotentialincreaseofthevolunteeringsysteminBelarus.Thisstudywillhavetheaimofprovidingavaluabletoolforthelong-lastingfinancialsustainabilityofthevolunteeringsystem.

5–Fundingofvolunteerorganisations:HIGH

Sustainabilityofthevolunteeringsystemismainlygrantedbyinternationalcooperationandprojects.Thereare nowell-defined budgetary lines sustaining activities and costs related to volunteers or to volunteerorganizations.Thisimpedesthedevelopmentofnationwidestandardisedproceduresfortheameliorationof specific civil protection objectives (i.e. supporting municipalities in the development of emergencyplanning).However,apart some limitedexceptions, italso fundamental tobuildcapacities,withineveryvolunteerorganization,forthedevelopmentofself-financingstrategies.

It is recommended toadopt sustainable strategies, inaccordancewith theexisting regulatory frameworkandbudgetaryconstraints,tosustainthedevelopmentofvoluntarismanditsvitalroleinthecivilprotectionsystem.

9.4 RoadMap


LegalframeworkAdoptlawonvolunteerism

CabinetofMinisters

Parliament

AdoptionofdraftlawbyParliament

2015-2016

LegalframeworkDevelopathematiclegalframework

MES

VolunteerOrganizations

NGOs

1)StudyandtestingofSOPsby

relevantstakeholders.

2)Promulgationofadditionalthematic

SOPsforCivil

2016-2020

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ProtectionVolunteers.

Institutionalsetup

Settingupaminimumsetofjuridicalandtechnical

requirementfortheinvolvementof

volunteerorganisationsinCP

system

MES(coordinator)


VolunteerGroups

Establishmentofaworkinggroupincludingallthe

relevantstakeholders

2016-2018

Institutionalsetup

Monitoringtheeffectivenessofthedeveloped

standardandSOPs

MES Evaluationsurvey 2016-2020

InstitutionalsetupDevelopmentofDRRcampaigns

MES

VolunteerGroups

Municipalities

MinistryofForestry

DevelopmentofDRRcampaignsforthereductionofUrbanandForest

Fires.

Campaignsshouldbeelaboratedamultilevelwithanholisticapproach

2016-2020

NetworkingwithVolunteer

Organizations

Assessinglacksandidentifyingareasof

supportofvolunteer

organizations

MES


VolunteerGroups

NGOs

Refiningnationaldatabase

2016

Protectionofvolunteers

Insuranceforvolunteers

MES


VolunteerGroups

Developastudyonprojectedcostsof

insuranceofvolunteers

consideringtheincreaseoftheVolunteering

2015-2016

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System

Fundingofvolunteer

organizations

Adoptionofstrategiestosustainthe

developmentofvoluntarism

MES


Developmentofacapacitybuildingplaninthefieldof

VolunteerOrganizationself-

financing.

2016-2020

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10 RaisingAwarenessaboutDisastersKeyAssessors

PPRDEast2Expert AntoninPetrCountryThematicFocalPoint N/A



Asstipulatedbythe“LawoftheRepublicofBelarusonEmergencyAuthoritiesandEntities",16July2009№45-3,theprimaryresponsibilityforraisingawarenessaboutdisasterlieswiththeMinistryofEmergencySituations of the Republic of Belarus (MES) which works very closely withMinistry of Education of theRepublicofBelarus(MoE)andothernationalstakeholders.

Morespecificallyfortheraisingawarenessaboutdisastersarea,theLawNo.141-3from5May1998"Onprotectionofpopulationandterritoriesfromnaturalandman-madeemergencysituations"initsArticle21providesbasisfor"Preparationofthepopulation,managersandotheremployeesoforganizationstoactinemergencysituationsandpromotingknowledgeinthefieldofprotectionfromemergency.ThisprovisionisfurthermoreandinagreatlevelofdetailsworkedoutinResolutionofCouncilofMinistersNo.413from23May2013.

10.2 CurrentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellenceThesurveyonraisingawarenessaboutdisasters,whichwasconducted throughaquestionnaire, showedthatthereisnonationalstrategy/policyinplace,whichwouldgoverntheactivitiesinthisarea.Inaddition,thereisalsonoon-goingneitherworknorplantolaunchthedraftingofit.

Theactivitiesonraisingawarenessaboutdisasters inschoolswhichtheMinistryofEmergencySituationsandMinistryofEducationareresponsibleforcoveralllevelsofnationaleducationalsystem,howevertheseactivities are not part of regular education but are part of special subject called “Basics of Life Safety”.Systematic raising awareness of population (organisations, schools, enterprises) by MES employees onemergencysituations,procedureofactionsincasetheyoccur.

TheMinistry of Emergency Situations togetherwithMinistry of Education and advertising agencies, andpublishersissueanumberoflearningmaterialsforthechildreninhardcopy(books,booklets,brochures,etc.).Thematerialsaredistributedonregularbasis,howevertheirnumberisnotavailablebecauseitisnotpossibletoconductsuchanalysisduetoahugenumberofdistributors.

Inadditiontothedistributionofeducationalmaterials,thereisalsoanumberofotheractivitiesorganisedby MES and other entities - drawing contests, field camps, rallies of young rescuers/fire-fighters,

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competitionsamongpre-schooleducationalinstitutions,excursionsofchildrentoMESunits,etc.Theyareorganisedonregularbasisandthetargetgroupisfrom3to23years.

TheMESexpressedapositiveexperiencefromworkingwithsomemembersoftheJournalistNetwork(JN),whichwas developed during the PPRD East Phase 1, and support the continuation ofworkwith the JNduring thePPRDEastPhase2. TheMESalsoproposed two chief editors tobe included in the JournalistNetwork.

DuringallphasesofDRMcycle (before,duringandafterdisaster), theMES informsthepublicabout thesituation through provision of informationmaterials and also coordinates activities of volunteerswithinproject"MESVolunteer”.

Duringandafter thePPRDEastPhase1, theMESconductedanumberofnational campaigns,e.g. "SafeNew Year", "Holidays without smoke and fire", "Do not leave children alone," etc. The topics of thesecampaignswereselectedinaccordancetotheyearlyseason.

TheResolutionof Council ofMinistersNo. 413provides very goodand verydetailed regulations for thetrainingofmanagersandemployeesofrepublicanstatebodies,otherstateorganizationssubordinatedtothe Government of the Republic of Belarus, local executive and administrative bodies, organisationsregardless of ownership, and the population in the field of population and territories from emergencysituations of natural andman-made disasters and civil defence. It provides such details like aminimumamountoftraininghoursperdifferentgroupsofemployees,locationsandperiodicityofthetrainings,etc.

TheMESalsoproposedfollowingtopics,whichthePPRDEast2mightfocuson:

• Carelesshandlingoffirewhilesmoking

• Leavingchildrenunattended

• Trainingofthepopulationbeforeandduringemergencies.


BasedonthefeedbackfromtheMES,itseemsthatdespiteofthenumberofvariouson-goingactivitiesandthe very well defined framework for preparation of managers and employees of state bodies, etc.(Resolution No. 413), the most significant gap in this area lies in the non-existence of the nationalstrategy/policy for raising awareness about disasters, particularly since there is no plan to launch itsdrafting. Therefore, it should be the outmost priority to create a drafting team consisting of all maininterlocutors/stakeholders in this area and after a revision of current situation to start drafting of thenationalstrategyassoughtbytheSendaiFrameworkforDisasterRiskReduction2015to2030.

Anotherareathatwoulddeservemorestructuredapproachistheprovisionanddistributionofeducationmaterials to the educational institutions. According to the feedback provided by theMES, in the recentsituation there is no clear overviewonwhat andhowmanymaterialsweredistributed towhere,whichcreates a potential risk that some education institutions might be omitted from receiving appropriate

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materials.Afirmproductionanddistributionsystemwithacleardivisionoftasksandresponsibilitiesneedstobedevelopedandimplementedastheintegralpartofthenationalstrategyforraisingawarenessaboutdisasters.

10.4 RoadMap

The roadmapproposes theprioritizationof the recommendations, timeframe for their implementationsandinvolvedinterlocutors.

Activity1.1–Formationofaninter-ministerialworkinggroupfordraftingthenationalstrategyforraisingawarenessaboutdisasters

Responsibility:MES

Timeframe:byFebruary2016


Activity1.2– Inventoryandanalysisofexistingdocumentsrelatedtothedevelopmentof thenationalstrategy and analysis of existing system/procedures/division of responsibilities in the area of raisingawarenessaboutdisasters(nationalandinternational)

Responsibility:nationalstrategydraftinggroup

Timeframe:byJune2016

Support:MESandPPRDEast2Programme

Activity1.3–Seriesofdraftingmeetingstodevelopadraftofthenationalstrategyforraisingawarenessaboutdisasters

Responsibility:nationalstrategydraftinggroup

Timeframe:byDecember2016

Support:MESandPPRDEast2Programme

Activity 1.4 – Legal endorsement of the draft of the national strategy for raising awareness aboutdisasters

Responsibility:MES

Timeframe:byApril2017

Support: all national interlocutors active in raising awareness about disasters and participating in thedraftingprocessandPPRDEast2Programme

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Activity1.5–Developmentofanactionplanfortheimplementationofthenationalstrategyforraisingawarenessaboutdisasters

Responsibility:allnationalinterlocutorsactiveinraisingawarenessaboutdisasters

Timeframe:byAugust2017


Activity1.6–Implementationofthenationalstrategyforraisingawarenessaboutdisasters

Responsibility:allnationalinterlocutorsactiveinraisingawarenessaboutdisasters

Timeframe:December2017


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11 DataandinformationsharingandINSPIREDirective


Nolegislationiscurrentlyenforcedtotranspose(orapproximateto)EUINSPIREdirective.

11.2 CurrentstatusofpracticesandareaofexcellenceIn recent years, the State Committee on Property of the Republic of Belarus - National Centre forcartographicandgeodeticproductsanddataoftheRepublicofBelarus(hereinafterNCCG)hasledapanelof institutions aiming at the National integration of Spatial Data Infrastructure for cadastral data. Keyfeaturestotheproposalarethecompliancewiththerequirementsrequiredbystateoftheart initiativessuchastheDirectiveINSPIRE,StandardsConsortiumOGC,ISO/TC211etc.

TheaimoftheproposalistocollectandsharedatafromlocalSDIscombiningtheresourcesofLIS,USRRE,Registerofadministrativeunitsandterritorialdivision,addressing:

● allotmentofland;

● technicalinventoryofbuildingsandstructures;

● changingtheadministrativeandterritorialdivision;

● changingofaddressoftheplan;

● cadastralassessmentoflandvalue.

TheproposedtechnicalsolutionistousetheSOA(ServiceOrientedArchitecture)basedonArcGISServer,ERDASImageManagerorequivalentopensourcesoftwareifpossible.

Asoftoday,basedontheexpansionofArcGISServerGeoportalextension,severalpilotprototypesofNSDIin full compliancewith the recommendations of the directive INSPIRE are operational. Combinations ofvariousIAPsinonestructureareperformedusingnationwideautomatedinformationsystem(NAIS).

Nevertheless,priortotheimplementation,someissuesaretobediscussedindepth:thewaytointegratedata, the types of Web services, and the definition of comprehensive set of institutional rules on theoriginaldatum.

Ontheotherhand,sinceJanuary2010thenationalreferenceframe–stategeodeticreferencesystemof1995 SGRS95-RB, is in use in Belarus. The preservation of such a reference frame has been led by theMinistryofDefence-StateUnitaryEnterprisesofAerialandSpacemethodsinGeodesy(SUEASM),taking


RobertoRudariCountryThematicFocalPoint N/A


84

into account the prescriptions of EU Inspire Directive, ISO 19111 and other European countries bestpractices.


The current state of gaps regarding the implementation of EU INSPIRE Directive can be summarized asfollows:

● policy level: no NSDI strategy has been developed yet, but some preparatory works and pilotprojectshavebeencarriedout;

● legalframework:asofOctober2015,BelarushasnolegalbasisforestablishingaNSDI;and

● institutional level: for the previous projects, different institutions acted as coordination bodies(SUEASM,NCCG).

The first recommendation concerns the transposition of EU INSPIRE Direction into Belarusian legalframework,sincealegalreferencetothatiscurrentlymissing.

Secondly,itisrecommendedthedevelopmentofaNSDIstrategy,asasustainableimplementationpathisneededbystakeholderstomovefromthecurrentstateofscatteredandunconnectedcollectionsofspatialdatatoanintegratedandharmonizedinfrastructureforsharingspatialdata.

To this end, it is recommended to set up of a Steering Committee composed by institutional and non-institutionalsubjectsneededforthe implementationofaneffectiveNSDIandthesector-specificworkinggroups. The Steering Committee is expected to provide guidance to development of a NSDI policy,coordination to theworking groups and connectionwith responsible Governmental actors and decisionmakers. The strategy developed by the Committee will address the timing of the tasks needed for theimplementation.Tobeeffectivelybeneficial,itisrecommendedthatthestrategywillbeabletoinvolveintheprocessallthestakeholdersand,atthesametime,toensurethatthenecessaryresourcesareallocatedonregularbasisandareactuallyavailable.

Finally, besides the aforementioned drafting of legal framework, it is recommended to create a publicsector data sharing agreement for data use with the objective of promoting the efficient collection,processing,exchangeandsharingofspatialdata.

11.4 RoadMap

Theroadmapcontainingtheprioritizationofrecommendationsandtheimplementationisdraftedonthebasisofthegapandrecommendationsanalysis,andthefeedbackreceivedatandafter2ndNAGmeeting.

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Legalandinstitutionalframework

AdoptionofEUInspireDirectiveintoBelarusiannationallaw

CabinetofMinisters

Draftingthenecessarylegislation

2016


DevelopmentofaNSDIstrategy

SUEASM/NCCG(coordinators)

Draftingofthenecessarysub-legislation

2016


Setupofregulatorybodies

fortheimplementation

(SteeringCommittee)

SUEASM/NCCG(coordinators)

Draftingofthenecessarysub-legislation

2016


DevelopmentofNSDI

implementationworkingplan

SteeringCommittee

Establishingworkinggroups

2016


DatasharingSteering

Committee

Draftingofapublicsectordatasharing

agreement2016

Technicalimplementationof

EUINSPIREDirective

Metadataavailableforspatialdatasetsandservices

WorkinggroupsApplicationofNSDIimplementationworkingplan

2017


EUINSPIREDirective

Spatialdatasetsavailablefor

discoveryandviewfromtheNSDI

geoportal(evenfordatanotcompliantwiththeIR-ISDSS)


2017


EUINSPIREDirective

Spatialdatasetsavailablefordownloadandtransformation


2018

86

fromtheNSDIgeo-portal(evenfor

datanotcompliantwiththeIR-ISDSS)


EUINSPIREDirective

Newlycollectedandextensivelyrestructured

spatialdatasetsconformanttoIR-ISDSS(includingmetadatafor

interoperability)andavailable

throughnetworkservices.


2018


EUINSPIREDirective

Spatialdatasetsavailablefordownloadandtransformation

fromtheNSDIgeo-portal(evenfor

datanotcompliantwiththeIR-ISDSS).


2018


EUINSPIREDirective

Allspatialdatasetsshallbe

conformanttoIR-ISDSS(includingmetadatafor


throughnetworkservices


2018


EUINSPIREDirective

Newlycollectedandextensivelyrestructured

spatialdatasetsconformanttoIR-


2018

87

ISDSS(includingmetadatafor




EUINSPIREDirective

Allspatialdatasetsshallbe

conformanttoIR-ISDSS(includingmetadatafor




2019


EUINSPIREDirective

Invocablespatialdataservices

relatedtonewlycollectedandextensivelyrestructured

spatialdatasetsshallbe

conformanttoAnnexesV,VIand

/wherepracticable)VIIofIR-ISDSS(including

metadata)


2019


EUINSPIREDirective

Allinvocablespatialservices

shallbeconformanttoAnnexVofIR-ISDSS(including

metadata)


2020

Technical Allinvocable Workinggroups ApplicationofNSDI 2020

88

implementationofEUINSPIREDirective

spatialdataservicesshallbeconformanttoAnnexesVIand

(wherepracticable)VIIofIR-ISDSS(including

metadata)

implementationworkingplan

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12 ERRAKeyAssessors

PPRDEast2Experts RobertoRudariPaoloCampanella


12.1 Institutionalframework

Belarus has no specific legislation that supports a real National Spatial Data Infrastructure. There ishowever an interesting initiative from the State Committee on Property of the Republic of Belarus -NationalCentreforcartographicandgeodeticproductsanddataoftheRepublicofBelarus(NCCG)thathasled a panel of institutions aiming at the National integration of Spatial Data Infrastructure for cadastraldata.ThiscouldbeapilotinitiativefortheestablishmentofaNationalGeoportalinitiativeinBelarus.

HoweverinBelarusthereareclearplanstouseERRAasamaintoolforriskassessmentinformationandnoothertoolwillbefinancedforthemoment.TheuniqueinstitutionthatisMESthatholdsthatmanagestheonly installation of ERRA in the country. ERRA is so far seen more as a Geoportal for risk assessmentinformationratherthanadedicatedtoolforRiskAssessment.

12.2 CurrentstatusofInstallationsandUseBelarushascurrentlyoneinstallationoftheERRAplatform,atestingversiononavirtualserverinGermanyaccessiblebytheMES(http://by-erra.pprd-east.eu/).ThisinstallationneedstobemovedonalocalserverintheMinistry.ThecurrentinstallationishowevermaintainedattheexpensesofPPRDEast2Programmetoguaranteeasmoothtransition.NootherinstallationsareforeseeninBelarus.Noinstallationguidehasbeen releasedduring thePPRDEast Phase1, as a result of that the IT experts ofMESwerenot able totransferthe installationona localserver.ThespecialistsofMESwillneedthetechnicalspecifications forthephysicalorvirtualserverpurchase.MES,withthehelpofPPRDEastPhase2ICTexperts,willaddressthe issuerelatedtothepurchaseofaphysicalserveroravirtualserverfromahostingprovideronafeebasis.AtMESoftheRepublicofBelarusthesourcesoffundingofthesaidactionsarenotyetdetermined.As this is foreseen to remain the only installation in Belarus, there is the need for it to be on a publicnetworktoguaranteeaccessibilitytoselectedlayerstothewiderpublicandatregionallevel.

Therequired layersfortheuseofERRAasanoperationaltoolhavebeenuploadedandthepossibilityofincluding ERRA in everyday activity as a system of decision-making support, including that during flood

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season, was considered. In this process a number of problems had been revealed: slow displaying theuploadedlayersandsomefailureoccurrenceaswellaslabour-intensityoflayeruploadingprocess.

The catalogue functionality in ERRA has been underexploited so far and open available catalogues haveneverbeen linkedtotheplatform.TheprofilingandstylingoptionswereusedwithoutproblemsbyMESeveniftheyareconsidertoocomplex.

Metadatationhasnotbeenproperlytackledyetandeventhemetadataconsultationwasunused.

TheQ-GISpluginofERRAhasneverbeenusedalso in lightof the fact thatQ-GIS isnotused inBelarus;instead Mapinfo is used. The Belarus ERRA users never saw the Vulnerability and the Critical AssetModules.Themobileappisnotused,butconsideredimportant.

The inclusion of EFAS (European Flood Awareness System) and EFFIS (European Forest Fire InformationSystem) is considered important and Disaster Loss Data are perceived as a real added value to ERRA.Belarushasalongtraditionindisasterlossdatacollection(asreportedintheDisasterLossDatachapter)andwillhaveafullonlineaccesstotheBelarusDesinventarDatabaseinplace.


1–Installation

ERRAshouldbereachableoutsidetheprivatenetworkofMESandalsoshouldbeusedbyotherinstitutionsinvolvedinDRA.

RecommendationistobetterinvolveotherinstitutionthatcouldcontributetoERRAdevelopmentandatthesame time benefit from ERRA use. The Belarus installation should be on an open network in order toguaranteetheaccessibilityofthatinsideBelarusandintheRegion.

2–UseinEmergencyandStrategicPlanning

Themainusers identifiedbyMESare theoperationalpeople thatwilldealwithdisaster riskassessmentandoperationalpeople(liketheRedCrossrepresentatives)duringtheiroperationsinthefield.

RecommendationistowidenthediscussionontheERRAdevelopmenttootherinstitutionsinvolvedinDRAnot from the contingency planning point of view but foremost in the form of the strategic planning.MinistrieslikeMoNREPcansurelyaddvaluetotheERRAdevelopmentanduseinBelarus.

3-MainstreamingwithotherNationalinitiatives

ANSDIframeworkdoesnotexistinBelarusandERRAseemstobetheonlyWEBGeoportalforthestorageofdisasterriskrelatedinformation.

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RecommendationistostrengthenthepositionoftheERRAportalclarifyingtheuseofERRAintheMESSOPsandbyinvolvingotherinstitutionalactorsincontributingtoERRA,notonlyprovidinginformationandlayersbutcontributingtoERRAmainstreamingwithfuturenationalinitiativesthatcanberelatedtoERRA.

4-SupportofDLDCollectionandvisualization

Belarus,asdiscussedintheDLDsection,hasastringtraditioninDisasterLossDatacollectionandrecentlyinvestedinaDesInventartoolforthestorageandmanagementofdata.

RecommendationistoconnecttheeffortsmadefortheuptakeoftheDesInventartotheERRAportalandtodevelopaDisasterLossDatamoduleinERRAthatisinfullcompliancewiththesuggestionreportedintheDLDsection.

5-DatasharinginsideBelarus

AlthoughBelarusinstitutionsarewellawareoftheimportanceofdatasharingonthecontextofDRR,thereisstillapoorlycoordinatedstrategyofdatasharingatnationallevel,especiallytothewiderpublic.

ItisrecommendedtodefineaDataSharingpolicythatincludesrulesfortheinformationsharing(e.g.ERRArelatedcontents),especiallywiththewiderpublic.

6-DatasharingintheENPIEastRegion

In terms of data sharing policies Belarus has no issues in sharing both methodologies and data andagreementsforthesharingofRealTimedatawithneighboringcountriesarealreadyinplace.

Recommendation is to check if such agreements cover also disaster risk assessment related data andancillarydataneededtoproducedisasterriskandvulnerabilitystudies.

12.4 RoadMap

Implementation of the full road map directly depends on the success of the first planned activity: theinstallation.Inordertoaccomplishthefirststepitisnecessarytopurchasephysical(virtual)server,acquirethe assignedpublic static IP-address from regional provider of theRepublic of Belarus, place it in the ITCentreofMESorinanidentifiedinstitutionfromMES.

PPRDEast2isreadytoprovideMESoftheRepublicofBelarustheinstallationpackageandtheinstallationmanualofERRAwithallremoteassistanceneeded.IftheremoteassistancewillnotbesufficientPPRDEast2willundertakeanad-hocmission.

Until the server/hardware ispurchased, theERRA installationwill bekeptat thevirtual server. The finaldecisionontheusefulnessandtheaddedvalueofERRAwillbereachedbythemiddleof2016,asMinistry

92

of Emergency Situations informed the PPRD East 2 Programme at the 2nd NAG meeting held on 24-26November2015inMinsk,Belarus.


Installation

ThePublicaccesstotheMES

installationshouldbeguaranteed

MES

MESwillusethemaintainedremoteinstallationandevaluatetheusabilityoftheERRASWasa

referenceclient.

2016

Installation



MES

PreparetheproposalforinstallationofERRAatMES

includingbudgetfortheserveracquisition

2016

Installation



MESInstallationoftheMESbeingona

publicIP2017

UseinEmergencyandStrategicPlanning

WidenthediscussionontheERRAdevelopment

tootherinstitutions

involvedinDRA

MESinconsultationwithMNREPandallinstitutionsinvolved

MEStoidentifythereference

institutionsandstartaWGontheERRAusecases

definition

2016

Mainstreamingwithothernational

initiatives

ReinforcingtheERRAuseamongstBelarusInstitutions

MESIncludeERRAintheMESSOPs

2016

Mainstreamingwithothernational

initiatives

ReinforcingtheERRAuseamongstBelarusInstitutions

MESincoordinationwithotheridentifiedinstitutions

TrainingonERRAusetoallrelevant

institutions

2016

SupportofDLD Developmentof MES Establishinga 2016

93

collectionandvisualization

ERRADLDModule technicalworkinggroupincludingallthestakeholders

DatasharinginsideBelarus

Definitionofrulesfortheinformationsharing,especiallywiththewider

public

MES(coordinator)


2017

DatasharingintheENPIEastRegion

Clarifythetypeofinformationand

thelevelofaggregationforthe

datasharing

MES


2017

94

13 Annexes

Annex1-HNSSOPtemplate

Annex2–ListofInterlocutors

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