By: Daniel Joh and William ShinBy: Daniel Joh and William Shin

Even before WWII ended, the Even before WWII ended, the relationship with the Soviet relationship with the Soviet Union and the United States Union and the United States was starting to getting worse.was starting to getting worse.

The Soviet Union ,in a way, The Soviet Union ,in a way, betrayed the U.S. by signing betrayed the U.S. by signing a nonaggression pact with a nonaggression pact with Germany.Germany.

Stalin said that it was the Stalin said that it was the Allies’ fault that the attack on Allies’ fault that the attack on Germany was delayed.Germany was delayed.

These conflicts lead to major These conflicts lead to major problems between the two problems between the two powerful countries.powerful countries.

The nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union was one of the problems that caused the two countries to anger each other

February, 1945- U.S., February, 1945- U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union Britain, and the Soviet Union meet at Soviet Black Sea to meet at Soviet Black Sea to divide Germany into zones.divide Germany into zones.

Stalin promises Eastern Stalin promises Eastern Europeans the right to vote, Europeans the right to vote, but Churchill knew it was an but Churchill knew it was an empty promise unless they empty promise unless they followed a policy friendly to followed a policy friendly to Russia.Russia.

In return, the Soviet Union In return, the Soviet Union decided to join the attack on decided to join the attack on Japan, an ally of Germany.Japan, an ally of Germany.

On June 1945, the United States, the Soviet On June 1945, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 48 other countries created the Union, and 48 other countries created the United Nations (UN)United Nations (UN)

The United States and the Soviet Union set The United States and the Soviet Union set aside their differences during the creation of aside their differences during the creation of the United Nations.the United Nations.

The UN promised to try and save future The UN promised to try and save future countries from war.countries from war.

The UN created a large body called the General The UN created a large body called the General Assembly which was a meeting of all of the Assembly which was a meeting of all of the members with a voting system.members with a voting system.

The Security Council had most of the power in The Security Council had most of the power in the UN.the UN.

It had 11 members to settle disputes and It had 11 members to settle disputes and investigateinvestigate

The Security council had 5 permanent The Security council had 5 permanent members (Britain, China, France, the United members (Britain, China, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union).States, and the Soviet Union).

A veto from any Security council member could A veto from any Security council member could cancel the action to prevent overriding votes.cancel the action to prevent overriding votes.

The UN still exists today

The United States and the Soviet Union split right after WWIIThe United States and the Soviet Union split right after WWII The United States suffered 400,000 deaths, but the Soviet The United States suffered 400,000 deaths, but the Soviet

Union suffered 50 times more than that.Union suffered 50 times more than that. Theses caused different goals in the two countries which Theses caused different goals in the two countries which

later leads to war.later leads to war.

Table from the Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction textbook, page 476

The Soviet Union feared and need protection against invasionsThe Soviet Union feared and need protection against invasions They don’t have neutral borders so they fell every time they They don’t have neutral borders so they fell every time they

were invadedwere invaded Examples: Napoleon overran Moscow (1812) and Germany Examples: Napoleon overran Moscow (1812) and Germany

invaded during WWIinvaded during WWI

By the end of the war, By the end of the war, the Soviets pushed the the Soviets pushed the Nazi’s back and gained Nazi’s back and gained countries to buffer from countries to buffer from enemiesenemies

Soviets gained Albania, Soviets gained Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, and Romania, Poland, and YugoslaviaYugoslavia

On April 12, 1945, president On April 12, 1945, president Roosevelt died and Harry Roosevelt died and Harry Truman replaced him.Truman replaced him.

Truman tried to push Stalin Truman tried to push Stalin into letting Eastern into letting Eastern Europeans vote, but it lead to Europeans vote, but it lead to him declaring war on the U.S.him declaring war on the U.S.

Harry Truman (thirty-third President of the United States ) )

Europe was divided into Europe was divided into two. (Communist and two. (Communist and noncommunist)noncommunist)

Germany was spit into 2Germany was spit into 2 The division became known The division became known

as “iron curtain”.as “iron curtain”.

Growing Soviet’s threat in Growing Soviet’s threat in Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

USSR (Union of Soviet USSR (Union of Soviet Social Republics) were Social Republics) were empire-buildingempire-building

President Truman President Truman confirms a foreign policy confirms a foreign policy called called containmentcontainment..

Stop the growing of Stop the growing of communismcommunism

Truman aids Turkey and Truman aids Turkey and GreeceGreece

Support towards countries Support towards countries rejecting communism called rejecting communism called the Truman Doctrinethe Truman Doctrine

ControversyControversy No interference other No interference other

countries’ affairscountries’ affairs Not many resourcesNot many resources Possible that aid go to Possible that aid go to

dictatorsdictators Congress gave $400 million Congress gave $400 million

to Turkey and Greeceto Turkey and Greece

Terrible conditions after Terrible conditions after warwar

1947, U.S. Secretary of 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall State George Marshall suggested aid to any suggested aid to any European countries -> European countries -> The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan

$ 12.5 billion (!) plan$ 12.5 billion (!) plan ArgumentsArguments Communists spread to Communists spread to

CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Succeeded in Western Succeeded in Western

Europe and YugoslaviaEurope and Yugoslavia

1948, France, Britain, and 1948, France, Britain, and the United States the United States withdrawwithdraw

Soviet Union grabs Soviet Union grabs Western Berlin more Western Berlin more strongly by not giving strongly by not giving them enough suppliesthem enough supplies Surrender or,Surrender or, Give up to unifyGive up to unify

U.S. & Britain gives U.S. & Britain gives supportsupport

Soviet Union gives up and Soviet Union gives up and flee from Germanyflee from Germany

C-47s during Berlin Airlift

These were the beginning These were the beginning of the of the Cold War Cold War (a (a capitalism vs. communism capitalism vs. communism war)war)

Spying, propaganda, Spying, propaganda, diplomacy, and secret diplomacy, and secret operationsoperations

Most countries alliedMost countries allied

Cummings of the Daily Express, 24 August 1953, "Back to Where it all Started"

During Berlin’s hostage,During Berlin’s hostage, Western EuropeWestern Europe, , U.S.U.S., ,

CanadaCanada forms forms NATONATO ((North Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic Treaty Organization)Organization)

Soviet UnionSoviet Union, , PolandPoland, , East East GermanyGermany, , CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia, , HungaryHungary, , RomaniaRomania, , BulgariaBulgaria, and , and AlbaniaAlbania form form Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

Later in 1950’s, the United Later in 1950’s, the United States create another States create another alliance alliance SEATO (Southeast SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization)Asia Treaty Organization) to secure Korea and to secure Korea and Indochina after warfare. Indochina after warfare.

Tense atmosphereTense atmosphere Both rivals had atomic Both rivals had atomic

bombsbombs Truman decided to create a Truman decided to create a

much more powerful onesmuch more powerful ones 1950, U.S. Thermonuclear 1950, U.S. Thermonuclear

weapon (A-bomb)weapon (A-bomb) 9 months later… Soviet 9 months later… Soviet

Union also made oneUnion also made one Dulles (during Eisenhower Dulles (during Eisenhower

president) speaks in president) speaks in brinkmanshipbrinkmanship

Both nations for four more Both nations for four more decades competed for decades competed for stronger nuclear weapons stronger nuclear weapons and planesand planes

The largest thermonuclear weapon ever tested

Competition in science and Competition in science and educationeducation

Poured billions of dollarsPoured billions of dollars 1957, Soviets made ICBM 1957, Soviets made ICBM

to launch Sputnik Ito launch Sputnik I 1958, U.S. launched their 1958, U.S. launched their

own satelliteown satellite 1960, U-2 incident1960, U-2 incident

1955, Eisenhower “open 1955, Eisenhower “open skies”skies”

Soviets refusesSoviets refuses U.S. CIA spies in U-2 planesU.S. CIA spies in U-2 planes Soviets shot a U-2 planeSoviets shot a U-2 plane Boosted up the tension and Boosted up the tension and

mistrust into a new mistrust into a new dimensiondimension

Sputnik 1, the first satellite

U-2 plane

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