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Active Shooter Awareness
By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.
-Ben Franklin
20022003
20042005
20062007
20082009
20102011
20120
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Number of Incidents
3
15
6 710
17 1618
1417
31
ANNUAL TOTALS OF ACTIVE SHOOTER INCIDENTS (United States)
Active Shooter Data
Tragedy after tragedy has occurred involving mass shootings of innocents. We hope that by having an understanding of what has led us to today will better prepare you and your loved ones.
Why Are We Presenting on This Topic?
Objectives
Define “active shooter”
Understand measures you can employ to protect yourself during a violent incident
Anticipate actions of responding law enforcement personnel
Know what you can do to train and prepare
Who is the Active Shooter?
Definition
An Active Shooter is an armed person who has used deadly physical force on other persons and continues to do so while having unrestricted access to additional victims.
Washington, D.C. LAX, CA Aurora, CO Oak Creek, WI Newtown, CT Tucson, AZ
Recent Events – U.S.
There is no one “profile” of an active shooter.
Active Shooter
Demographics of an Active Shooter:• Male (97%)
• Ages (12-88)
• Religion
• Education
• Socio-economic
Many offenders who engage in targeted violence may display certain behaviors during pre-attack planning. These predatory behaviors may be observable to persons familiar with the offender.
Pre-Attack Indicators
Some of these behaviors may include:
• Development of a personal grievance
• Contextually inappropriate and recent acquisition of
multiple weapons• Contextually inappropriate
and recent escalation in target practice and weapons
training
Pre-Attack Indicators
• Contextually inappropriate and recent interest in explosives and IEDs
• Contextually inappropriate and intense interest or fascination with previous active shootings or
mass attacks• Many offenders experienced a significant real
or perceived personal loss in the weeks and/or months leading up to the attack, such as a
death, breakup, divorce, or loss of a job
Pre-Attack Indicators
• Many active shooters were described as “social isolates,” harbored feelings of
hate or anger, and/or had some reported contact with mental health
professionals• Few had previous arrests for violent
crimes
Pre-Attack Indicators
While motivations for active shooter incidents are difficult to fully determine, some common “triggers” may include:
• Loss of significant relationships• Feelings of humiliation/rejection• Changes in financial status• Major adverse changes to life circumstances• Loss of job• Changes in living arrangements
Active Shooter Data
• Statistical Breakdown of Active Shooter events:
57% of the attackers were insiders (known) 63% of the attackers broadcasted a perceived
injustice 71% of the victims initially targeted were the
focus of the perceived injustice 74% of the attackers entered through the
main entrance
*per John Nicoletti, Ph.D. (Nicoletti-Flater Associates) as provided to PERF 4/22/13
Active Shooter Data
Attack Data
• 37% of the attacks were over in under 5 minutes
* 49% of the attackers committed suicide
* 17% of the attackers were killed
* 34% of the attackers were arrested
• 63% of the attacks were over in under 15 minutes
• Average attacks last approximately 12 minutes
Active Shooter Statistics
49% of the time it ends prior to police arrival
40% of the time civilians at the scene stopped the attack
10% of the time attackers walk away
• 51% of the attacks occurred in the workplace• 17% of the attacks occurred in a school• 17% of the attacks occurred in a public place• 6% of the attacks occurred in a religious
establishment• 9% of the attacks occurred either in the victim’s or
the offender’s residence
*per John Nicoletti, Ph.D. (Nicoletti-Flater Associates) as provided to PERF 4/22/13
Active Shooter Data
1993:1,068 workplace homicides
2011:518 workplace homicides
50+% decrease
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), March 2012
Workplace Homicides
• For male victim: 4% relative/personal acquaintance
• For female victim: 28% relative/personal acquaintance
• Co-workers & former co-workers: 12%
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, July 2010
Workplace Homicides: The Offender
• Workplace: 80%• Campus: 54%
• 36% used more than one
PROTECTING YOURSELF
Danger Levels
Immediate Danger You can either see the shooter directly or
seethe effects of the gunfire
Risk of Danger You can hear shooting but are not in theimmediate vicinity to see the effects of thegunfire or the shooter
Immediate DangerEscape (“RUN”)
Seek cover (“HIDE”)
As a last resort, take action (“FIGHT”)
As soon as possible – call 911
Law enforcement officials need accurate and timely information to respond effectively and neutralize threat
What to Report Shooter(s)
Specific location Number or assailants Race and gender Clothing color and style Physical features-height, weight, facial hair, glasses Type of weapons (rifle/shotgun, handgun) Backpack Identification/name of the shooter(s) (If known) Violent actions other than gunshots – Explosions, fires, etc. Other pertinent information – doors chained, location of
injured personnel, etc.
Risk of Danger
- Escape - Secure location
- 911
- Monitor ingress / egress routes
- Make the area look unoccupied
- Do not move until released by authorities
WHAT TO EXPECT FROM LAW ENFORCEMENT
Change in Mindset“Normal” response to hostage situation, bomb threat, hijacking, etc.
Wait for back-up/follow-on forces Establish cordon Stop and treat wounded Enter building and use force as a last
resort
Active Shooter – sole focus is to find and neutralize the shooter!
Initial Police Response Immediately enter the facility/area
alone or in small teams – will not wait for back-up
Will not stop to treat wounded or assist with evacuation
Follow-on forces establish cordon, crowd control, staging areas
Police maintain control of the tactical incident until threat is neutralized
Your Role Stay in your secure area, and stay calm
Convey to others that help is on the way
Provide self aid and buddy care
Monitor the situation via computer, TV, radio
Be prepared to evacuation when ordered
Evacuation Safety corridors will be established, this
may be time consuming
Stay in your secure area until instructed otherwise
Remain calm and follow instructions Keep your hands where they can be seen Avoid quick movements
You may be searched
You will be escorted out of the building by police
Post-Evacuation
You will be taken to a holding area for medical care, interviewing, counseling, etc.
The entire area will be treated as a crime scene.
You will not be permitted to retrieve items or access the crime scene.
TRAINING AND PREPARATION
Trained vs. Untrained Response
• First response is the same for both groups
• Further reactions differ markedly
Trained Untrained
Startle and Fear Startle and Fear
Feel Anxious Panic
Recall what they have learned Fall into disbelief
Prepare to act as rehearsed Lost in denial
Commit to action Descend into helplessness
Emergency Action Plan Elements
Emergency escape procedures and route assignments (i.e., floor plans, safe areas)
Contact information
Responsibilities of individuals during an incident
Local area hospital information (i.e., name, telephone number, distance and location)
Emergency notification systems to alert personnel located at remote locations throughout the premises
Considerations for special needs personnel
Exercise your plan frequently!
Exercises The most effective way to prepare for an Active Shooter
situation is to exercise
Training should include, but not be limited to: Recognizing the sound of gunshots Reacting quickly when gunshots are heard and/or when a
shooting is witnessed Evacuating the area Seeking cover Calling 911 Reacting when law enforcement arrives Adopting the survival mindset during times of crisis Acting against the shooter as a last resort
Summary
Define “active shooter”
Understand measures you can employ to protect yourself during a violent incident
Understand actions of responding law enforcement personnel
What you can do to train and prepare
Questions?
SSA Timothy BeamCrisis Management Coordinator
(502) 263-6000