+ All Categories
Home > Documents > By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS...

By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS...

Date post: 28-Mar-2018
Category:
Upload: doduong
View: 227 times
Download: 6 times
Share this document with a friend
52
By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1
Transcript
Page 1: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

By Hui Bian

Office for Faculty Excellence

1

Page 2: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS One-way within-subjects ANOVA with SPSS

One between and one within mixed design with SPSS

Repeated measures MANOVA with SPSS

How to interpret SPSS outputs

How to report results

2

Page 3: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

When the same measurement is made several times on each subject or case, such as Same group of people are pretested and post-tested

on a dependent variable.

Comparing the same subjects under several different treatments.

Interested in the performance trends over time: is it linear, quadratic, or cubic?

3

Page 4: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Between and within factors Between factors: a grouping or classification variables

such as sex, age, grade levels, treatment conditions etc.

Within factors: is the one with multiple measures from a group of people such as time.

4

Page 5: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Assumptions Independence of the observations

Violation is serious

Multivariate normality Fairly robust against violation

Sphericity Not necessary for the multivariate approach

The variance-covariance matrices are the same across the cells formed by the between-subjects effects.

5

Page 6: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

A simplest design One within-subjects factor

One dependent variable

A group of subjects measured at different points in time

6

Page 7: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Example: sample is from high school students. Research questions:

1. whether there is a significant change on frequency of drinking over time (3 months) before and after treatment;

2. whether the relationship between the within factor (time) and frequency of drinking is linear, quadratic, or cubic.

Within-subjects factor: time. Dependent variable: frequency of drinking (a28 and

b28). Two-time points data: a28 means baseline and b28

means 3-month posttest Two conditions: before treatment and after treatment

7

Page 8: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

The design

8

Conditions

Subjects Before treatment After treatment

1

2

3

4

.

.

.

n

Page 9: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Select Intervention group as our sample Go to Data Select Cases

Check If conditions…

Then click If

9

Page 10: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Let Conditions = 1

Then click Continue

10

Page 11: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Run Repeated Measures analysis Analyze General Linear Model Repeated

Measures

Type Time as Within-Subject Factor Name, type 2 as Number of Levels, then click Add

Type dv1 as Measure Name (dv means dependent variable), then click Add

11

Page 12: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Then click Define

12

Page 13: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

After Define you should get this window

Move a28 to (1, dv1)

Move b28 to (2, dv2)

13

Page 14: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

We don’t have any between-subjects factors

Click Options to get this

14

Check Compare main effects even we have two levels for within-subjects factor. I just want to show the pair comparison function.

Page 15: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Click Plots to get this window

15

Page 16: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Descriptive statistic results

16

Page 17: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Within-subjects effect: results of two tables are same.

17

Page 18: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

18

Correction options include Geenhouse-Geisser, Huyn-Feldt, and Lower-bound when sphericity is not assumed. They produce more conservative estimates.

Page 19: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Within-subjects effect: if there is no homogeneity of

dependent variable covariance matrix, the Sphericity is not assumed. We should use the correction options.

19

Page 20: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs The mathematical properties underlying the

relationship between within-subjects factor and dependent variable.

20

Test linear component of Time effect

The linear component is not significant

Page 21: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Plot

21

Page 22: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

22

Quadratic Cubic

Page 23: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Pairwise comparisons: the within-subjects factor only

has two levels. So we get the same results as multivariate tests table shows.

23

Page 24: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Results One-way within-subjects ANOVA was performed to test

whether there was a difference of frequency of drinking between before-treatment and after-treatment conditions. The observed F value was not statistically significant, F(1, 136) = .42, p = .52, partial η2 = .003, which indicated no difference of frequency of drinking over time.

24

Page 25: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Two-way mixed design Two independent factors: one is a between-subjects

factor and one is a within-subjects factor

One dependent variable.

Tests null hypotheses about the effects of both the between-subjects factor and within-subjects factor.

Tests the effect of interactions between factors.

25

Page 26: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Example: Research questions:

whether there is a significant change on frequency of drinking over time (3 months) between intervention and control group.

Within-subjects factor: time. Between-subjects factor: conditions (intervention vs.

control). Dependent variable: frequency of drinking (a28 and

b28). Two-time points data: a28 means baseline and b28

means 3-month posttest

26

Page 27: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

The design

27

Conditions

Intervention Control

Subjects Time 1 Time 2 Time 1 Time 2

1

2

3

4

.

.

.

n

Page 28: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Run repeated measures analysis Select all cases

Go to Analyze General Linear Model Repeated Measures

The same procedure to define the within-subjects factor and dependent variable.

Move Conditions to…

28

Page 29: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Click Options

Click Plots

29

Page 30: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Multivariate tests

30

Page 31: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Estimated marginal means

31

Page 32: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Plots

32

Page 33: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Results The intervention effect was analyzed using repeated

measures ANOVA. There was no statically significant difference between intervention and control group over time on frequency of drinking, F(1,285) = .90, p = .34, partial η2 = .003.

33

Page 34: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Example Research questions:

whether there is a significant change on drinking behaviors over time (3 months) between intervention and control groups; or whether there is an intervention effect on drinking behaviors.

Within-subjects factor: time.

Between-subjects factor: conditions (two levels)

Dependent variables: frequency of drinking (a28 and b28), quantity of drinking (a31 and b31), and heavy drinking (a34 and b34).

Two-time points data: baseline and posttest

34

Page 35: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Run repeated measures analysis

Go to Analyze General Linear Model Repeated Measures

We have three dependent variables

Still one within-subjects factor

Click Define

35

Page 36: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Move a28/b28, a31/b31, and a34/b34 to…

36

Page 37: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Options and Plots

37

Page 38: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Multivariate tests

38

Page 39: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Within-subjects effects

39

Page 40: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Univariate tests

40

Page 41: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Estimated marginal means

41

Page 42: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Plots: dv1 (frequency of drinking)

42

Page 43: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Plots: dv2 (quantity of drinking)

43

Page 44: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs Plots: dv3 (heavy drinking)

44

Page 45: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Results Repeated measures MANOVA test was conducted to test

intervention effect on drinking behaviors. The results showed there was no difference between intervention and control group on frequency, quantity, and heavy drinking over time, F(3, 283) = 1.18, p = .32, η2 = .01. Univariate tests also indicated there was no intervention effect on individual drinking behavior, F(1, 285) = .90, p = .34, η2 = .003 for frequency, F(1, 285) = .67, p = .41, η2 = .002 for quantity, and F(1, 285) = .39, p = .53, η2 = .001 for heavy drinking.

45

Page 46: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Example (planned comparisons) One within-subjects factor: time

One between-subjects factor: living condition (11r)

One dependent variable: frequency of drinking (a28 and b28)

46

Page 47: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Contrasts are used to test for differences among the levels of a between-subjects factor.

Go to Analyze General Linear Model Repeated Measures

The same procedure to define within-subjects factor and dependent variable

Click Contrasts

47

Page 48: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

You should get the left window

Choose Simple (simple means compares the mean of each level to the mean of a reference).

48

Pull down

Page 49: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Decide which category of between-subjects factor is a reference category.

The between-subjects factor is a11r: 1= Mother and father; 2 = Mother and stepfather; 3 = Mother; 4 = Others.

Use 1 = Mother and father as a reference.

49

Check First, then click Change

Page 50: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

SPSS outputs

50

Page 51: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2006). Applied multivariate research: design and interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Stevens, J. P. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

51

Page 52: By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence - PiratePanelcore.ecu.edu/ofe/StatisticsResearch/SPSS Series 3 repeated measure... · By Hui Bian Office for Faculty Excellence 1

52


Recommended