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Who were the Catos?
The Cato family was famous for its conservative roots in Roman politics
Cato the Elder and Cato the Younger are the most significant members of the family
They struggled to maintain order in Rome during various periods of the Roman Republic: rise, prosperity, and fall
Who was Cato the Elder? Marcus Porcius Cato (234-149 BC)
Soldier, senator, statesman, and leader of Roman Conservatives
Elected consul and censor
Rival of Scipio Africanus
Opposed foreign Greek influence; defended traditional Roman morals Cato the Elder
<http://mattshistorycourses.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/cato.jpg>
Life & Legacy of Cato the Elder
Wrote the first history of Rome Origines in Latin
Believed Rome had been too lenient on the Carthaginians at the end of the Second Punic War
His embassy to Carthage in 153 BC confirmed this rival country’s prosperity as a threat to Rome
Cato shows his fellow senators some plump Carthaginian figs to remind them that Carthage had become too prosperous and must be destroyed (Nardo 56).
Ended all speeches in the Senate with
“Delenda est
Carthago”
(Carthage must be destroyed)
Cato the Elder <http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/C/Marcus-Porcius-Cato-9241762-1-402.jpg>
Influence on Roman History His warnings encouraged Rome to fight again
149 BC: Outbreak of the Third Punic War146 BC: Romans killed Carthaginians and burned the city
Ruin of Carthage gave Rome full access over the Mediterranean Sea – became mare nostrum
Cato’s stance toward Carthage turned Rome into a mighty military power that dominated Europe and North Africa for five centuries
Who was Cato the Younger? Marcus Porcius Cato or
Cato Uticensis (95-46 BC)
Great-grandson of Cato the Elder
Leader of optimates – Roman conservative party
Treasurer, tribune, and magistrate
Julius Caesar’s foeCato the Younger <http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lqyyhqWhxt1qcla2no1_r1_500.jpg>
Life & Legacy of Cato the Younger
Fought against Caesar’s power and ruthless ambition
55 BC in Gaul Cato accused Caesar of war crimes
Attempted to destroy the triumvirate by making Pompey fight against Julius CaesarFled to North Africa when Caesar defeated Pompey’s forces
Death of Cato the Younger Chose to die for his own
principles rather than to live under Caesar’s rule
46 BC: Stabbed himself and died in the presence of his family in Utica
Cicero’s eulogy Cato – Cato the Younger considered a martyr to the ancient Republic
Death of Cato of Utica by Charles Brun <http://rlv.zcache.com.au/the_death_of_cato_of_utica_1646_post_cardsrcbcc51602a354f278230317d51c71c14_vgbaq_8byvr_512.jpg>
Rome’s Last Citizen <http://i.huffpost.com/gen/913609/thumbs/r-CATO-ROMES-LAST-CITIZEN-large570.jpg?6>
Influence on Roman History Cato’s stance against tyranny and his famous suicide made
him the icon of civic duty and sacrifice
Became a hero to those who idealized the dying Roman Republic: Romans were inspired by Cato the Younger and continued to oppose Caesar’s dictatorship
44 BC: Julius Caesar was assassinated in a conspiracy led by the hands of Brutus, Cato the Younger’s son-in-law
BibliographyCarey, Brian Todd, Joshua B. Allfree, and John Cairns. Hannibal's last battle: Zama and the fall of
Carthage. Yardley, Pa.: Westholme, Pub., 2008. Print."Cato, Marcus Porcius." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.<http://school.eb.com/eb/article-9021833>.
Eckstein, Arthur M. “Cato, Marcus Porcius, the Younger.” World Book Advanced. World Book, 2013. Web. 15 March. 2013. <http://worldbookonline.com/advanced/article>
Ferrill, Arther. “Cato, Marcus Porcius, the Elder.” World Book Advanced. World Book, 2013. Web. 15 March. 2013. <http://worldbookonline.com/advanced/article>
Freeman, Philip. Julius Caesar. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008. Print.Goodman, Rob, and Jimmy Soni. Rome's last citizen: the life and legacy of Cato, mortal enemy of
Caesar. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2012. Print.Hughes, Robert. Rome: a cultural, visual, and personal history. New York: Random House Inc.,
2011. Print.Nardo, Don. The Roman Republic. Farmington Hills, MI: Lucent Books, 2006. Print.