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By: Jeffrey Fortin Mark Fraser Slide 2 Table of Contents: Atomic history time line2 Ancient time- 450 A.D., Demcritus, Thales, Leucippus 1700- 1800, Sir Isaac Newton, 1800 1875, John Dalton, Frederick Abel, 1875 1900, Wihelm C. Roentgen, Marie Curie, J.J. Thomson 1900 1915, Henri Bequerel, Erenest Rutherford, Erwin Schrodinger 1915- 1950, Neils Bohr, Robert Milikan, Werner Hesienberg, James Chadwick 1950 present, Bertrand Russell, J. Robert Oppenheimher, Bernard T. Feld, Slide 3 Democritus 460-370 bc Was born in Abdera in Thrace Backed up Leucippus theories, Atoms were invisible, and had matter Also the only way to see Atoms is when they rearrange in a reaction Atomic history time line3 Slide 4 Leucippus Around for the first half of the 5 th century, he was the teacher of Democritus. He believed everything was composed of atoms. Leucippus has no writings that can be traced back to himself, but can be through Democritus. The only writing that can be traced back to him is: Nothing happens at random (marten), but everything from reason (ek logou) and by necessity.logou Leucippus, Atomic history time line4 Slide 5 Thales 624-546 BC born at Miletus Through the understanding of the earth, Thales came up with water is the first principal. Also he discovered point ABC in a circle make special cases and can find the diameter of a circle. Atomic history time line5 Slide 6 1700-1800 Sir Isaac Newton Antoine Lavoisier Humphry Davy Atomic history time line6 Slide 7 Sir Isaac Newton 1643-1727 Sir Isaac Newton laid the foundation of the atomic theory with the different attraction in the different stated atoms were in weather it was gas liquid or a solid. He also discovered calculus and the first three laws of motion. Atomic history time line7 Slide 8 Antoine Lavoisier 1743-1794 Developed the first extensive list of elements Reformed chemical nomenclature Recognized oxygen and hydrogen Discovered that mass may change shape or form, but the mass always stays the same Atomic history time line8 Slide 9 Humphry Davy 1778-1829 Davy discovered alkali and alkaline earth metals. He is also credited with discovering chlorine and iodine. He invented the Davy work lamp which let miners work in gaseous areas. This scientist also discovered such elements as sodium potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium and boron. Atomic history time line9 Slide 10 1800-1875 Atomic history time line10 Frederick Abel John Dalton Jon Jacob Berzelius Slide 11 Frederick Abel 1837- 1902 Abel was a professor at the Royal Military Academy He was appointed to Chemist of the War Department Abel also invented Guncotton, which is a low order propellant which lead to the development of gun powder Atomic history time line11 Slide 12 John Dalton 1866-1844 An English chemist who created the: Atomic Theory 1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. 2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties 3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. 4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms. This is what it looked like in His new system of chemical Philosophy Atomic history time line12 Slide 13 Jons Jacob Berzelius 1779-1848 Berzelius came up with chemical notation and, along with Dalton, was considered one of the founders of modern chemistry. He also discovered new elements such as silicon, selenium, thorium, cerium, and lithium Atomic history time line13 Slide 14 1875-1900 Atomic history time line14 Slide 15 Wilhelm C Roentgen 1845- 1923 He was a German Physicist who detected electromagnetic radiation in the wave lengths which is better known as the X-Ray Atomic history time line15 Slide 16 Marie Curie 1867-1934 Madam Curie is known for her theory of radioactivity, and also for discovering two new elements, Radium and Polonium. She won many awards including the Nobel peace prize. She was also the first female professor at the university of Paris. Her life was unfortunately cut short bye a street car accident involving a horse drawn vehicle. Atomic history time line16 Slide 17 JJ Thomson 1856-1940 He won the Nobel prize for his discoveries involving electrons and isotopes, along with his studies of the conductivity of electricity in gasses. He was knighted in 1908 and became the master of trinity college in 1916 were he continued to work until his death. Atomic history time line17 Slide 18 1900-1915 Herni Becquerel Ernest Rutherford Albert Einstein Atomic history time line18 Slide 19 Herni Bequerel 1852-1908 Becquerel was a major contributor to the discovery of X-Rays and radioactivity He was also the third in his family to occupy the chair at the museum national dhistoire Nuturella Adding to his list of accomplishments, he was award the Nobel prize with Marie and Pierre Curie Atomic history time line19 Slide 20 Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937 Known as the father of nuclear physics, he conducted the gold foil experiment which proved that the positively charged atoms were being deflected, some only a few degrees but a couple up to ninety degrees. This proved that there is a small, dense center in an atom known as the nucleus. He was awarded the Nobel peace prize for his outstanding work in the year 1908. Atomic history time line20 Slide 21 Albert Einstein 1879-1955 He was a winner of the Nobel peace price and was a key player in the Manhattan Project, although he was opposed to use of the atomic bomb in war. Einstein was also well known for his work involving the photoelectric effect, which can be described as when matter absorbs electron magnetic radiation, resulting in electrons being emitted from the object. Atomic history time line21 Slide 22 1915-1950 Niels Bohr Werner Heisenberg Erwin Schrodinger James Chadwick Atomic history time line22 Slide 23 Neils Bohr Life 1885-1962 He is know for the development of the atomic structure and quantum mechanics He received the Nobel peace prize in 1922 He also worked on the Manhattan project Atomic history time line23 Slide 24 Werner Heisenberg 1901 -1976 He received his Nobel peace prize for setting forth the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics. He was involved with the Nazis and was in their Uranium Club Heisenberg was also in charge of the Reich Research Council. He was one of ten scientists that were arrested after WWII. He then settled in a British occupied zone in Germany and was the head of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute For Physics. Atomic history time line24 Slide 25 Erwin Schrodinger 1887-1961 He received the Nobel peace prize for his contributions in Quantum Mechanics. He also applied atoms to everyday life in his Schrodinger Cat Through experiment. He also published the Annals der Physiks paper which was considered one of the most important of the 20 th century. Atomic history time line25 Slide 26 James Chadwick 1891- 1974 He was award the Nobel peace prize in 1935 He was awarded this for his discovery of Neutrons He did a major part of his studies at Cambridge college Atomic history time line26 Slide 27 1950- present J. Robert Oppenheimer Bernard T. Felds Atomic history time line27 Slide 28 J. Robert Oppenheimer 1904-1967 The father of the Atomic Bomb In 1954 during the Red Scare, Oppenheimer was revoked of his rights to write about physics, and his security clearance was revoked When JFK was in office he was awarded the Enrich Fermi Award as a gesture of political rehabilitation Atomic history time line28 Slide 29 Bernard T Feld 1919-1993 He worked on the Manhattan Project but then was appointed to the international conceal to remove nuclear weapons form the world. Also worked at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. I was involved in the original sin, and I have spent a large part of my life atoning for it. - Bernard T. Feld Atomic history time line29 I was involved in the original sin, and life atoning for it. - Bernard T. Feld Slide 30 Atomic Models Small, sphereical, solid, indivisible model Electron cloud model Plum Pudding model Rutherford-Bohr model Planetary model Atomic history time line30 Slide 31 Small, spherical, solid, indivisible model In early times, before the discovery of protons, neutrons, or electrons, popular belief was that the smallest partical of matter was a tiny, small, solid partial. Nothing else was known as far as the nucleus is concerned. Atomic history time line31 Slide 32 Plum Pudding model The design was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1906. The discovery of the nucleus had yet to be made, so naturally this component of the atom was lacking from Thompsons model. What he did include, however were corpuscles, Thompsons name for electrons, that he depicted as plums in his model. The pudding was a positively charged area of mass which balanced out the negative charge of his plum-like corpuscles. Atomic history time line32 Slide 33 The planetary model of the atom Developed by Neils Bohr, in his model the protons and neutrons are located in the small, dense nucleus, while the electrons orbit around them. The scale is disproportionate, however, because of the fact that the atomic radius is roughly 1000 times that of the nucleus Atomic history time line33 Slide 34 Rutherford-Bohr model Developed by Ernest Rutherford and Neils Bohr, this model was an important step in understanding the structure of the atom. Rutherford's gold foil experiment led him to the discovery of the dense central region within a primarily entry space in each atom. He also concluded that since positively charged partials bounced back, the central region must have a positive charge. These two scientists created this model in such a way that the electrons travel around the nucleus in an orbit al fashion. There are different levels upon which these negatively charged partials travel. The further away from the nucleus, the more energy they have. Though not perfect by todays standards, the model was a breakthrough at the time Atomic history time line34 Slide 35 Electron Cloud Model Based upon the work of a number of scientists including Rutherford, Bohr, Heisenberg and Schrdinger, the Electron Cloud Model is a compilation of ideas. Rutherford's contribution is the small dense nucleus within a cloud. The electron cloud surrounding it is made up by ideas form Bohr and Heisenberg. Bohr had the idea that electrons moved around the nucleus while Heisenberg figured out that the only way to describe where they are is through probity distribution. His concept is involved in quantum mechanics where Schrdinger comes into play. The electron cloud is a region were the electrons could be found but doesnt specify where they are. Atomic history time line35 Slide 36 Bibliography Language of Physics. Dictionary and Research Guide. 2001- 2008 Enlexica. November 1, 2008. Language of Physics. Dictionary and Research Guide. 2001- 2008 Enlexica. November 1, 2008.Who Came Up With The Electron Cloud Model of the Atom? WikiAnswers. Answers Corporation 2008. Who Came Up With The Electron Cloud Model of the Atom? WikiAnswers. Answers Corporation 2008.