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BY: MADDIE LOCKWOOD & LAUREN BALERUD
Skeletal System
Function of the System
Provide points of attachment for muscles
Protect and support soft tissue
House blood producing cells
Store inorganic salts
Contain passageways for blood vessels and nerves
Parts of the System
Bones- organs of the skeletal system
Cartilage- cells in lacunae separated by an extracellular matrix
Ligaments- connect bone to bone
Tendons- connect bone to muscle
Long Bone Anatomy
Epiphysis: expanded portion at ends of each bone
Articular Cartilage: hyaline cartilage on outer surface of epiphysis
Diaphysis: the shaft of the bone
Periosteum: tough, fibrous covering of the bone
Long Bone Anatomy
Compact Bone: tightly packed tissue that makes up the diaphysis
Spongy Bone: light weight bones with spaces that make up the epiphysis
Medullary Cavity: hollow chamber inside diaphysis
Endosteum: lines medullary cavity
Marrow: soft connective tissue that fills the medullary cavity
Endochondral Bone Development
• A) As structure grows, cartilage cells begin to degenerate: enlarge, die, and calcify. • B) Blood vessels bring bone-forming cells that develop the periosteum around the cartilage shaft. • C) Bone forming cells secrete new bone to replace cartilage. The two sites of these activities are called Primary Ossification Centers in the diaphysis.
Endochondral Bone Development
•D) A medullary cavity forms in the diaphysis and is filled with marrow. Secondary centers of ossification begin in the epiphyses. •E) Cartilage between the epiphyses and diaphysis become the epiphyseal plate. When this cartilage is replaced by bone cells, the bone lengthens. •F) The epiphyseal plate becomes an epiphyseal line, and bone lengthening stops.
Intramembranous Bone Formation
Osteoblasts form spongy bone around themselves by depositing bony matrix
Once matrix completely surrounds the osteoblasts they become osteocytes, or mature bone cells.
Osteoclasts: Break down bone
Osteoblasts: Build up bone
Classes of Joints
Fibrous: Immovable Sutures between skull bones
Cartilaginous: Slightly Movable Disks between vertebrae
Synovial: Movable elbow joint, hip joint, knee joint, etc. Some have menisci (shock absorbing pads) and
some of bursae (fluid like sacs).
6 Types of Synovial Joints
Ball-and-Socket Joint (most movement) Hip or Shoulder
Condyloid Metacarpal to proximal phalange
Gliding Carpals
Hinge (moves in one direction) Elbow and Knee
Pivot Neck Rotation (atlas and axis vertebrae)
Saddle Thumb
6 Types of Synovial Joints
Skeletal Organization
•Axial Skeleton: includes the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
•Appendicular Skeleton: includes the pectoral girdle, the upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs
23 Major Bones of Body
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Diseases
Spina Bifida
Bone Cancer
Diseases
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Works Cited
Baxamusa, Batul. “Facts About the Skeletal System.” Buzzle. Buzzel.com. Web. 1 Mar. 2015.
"Bone Cancer: MedlinePlus." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
"Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissues."Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissues. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
"Musculo-skeletal Support." Types of Synovial Joints. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.
"Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Spinal Arthritis - Cedars-Sinai."Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Spinal Arthritis - Cedars-Sinai. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
Shier, David, and Jackie Butler. Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology. 9th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Print.
"Skeleton Label." Skeleton Label. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.