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Invasive Aquatic Species
By: Makayla Hunt
Fish
Eurasian Ruffle Sea Lamprey Flathead Catfish Northern Snakehead Round Goby Tubenose Goby European Rudd
Eurasian Ruffle
Eurasian Ruffle
Very slimy when
handled
Less than 6 in.
Perch-
like
shape
Eurasian Ruffle
Effects on Native Species
• Reproduce quickly
• Live in a wide range of habitats
• Reduce food sources for other species• Small
crustaceans• Insects
• Yellow Perch is affected
Characteristics
• Large dorsal fin• 11-16
spines• Downturned
mouth• No scales on
its head
Where?
• Rivers and bays
• Western Lake Superior
• Coastal habitats in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron
First Reported
• 1986• St. Louis River
Estuary in the Duluth-Superior Harbor
• Arrived in the ballast water of ocean-going vessels
Sea Lamprey
Sea Lamprey
Found
•Atlantic coast of Europe and North America
•Western Mediterranean Sea
•Great Lakes
Look
•Brown or gray on its back
•White or gray on its underside
•Up to 90 cm or 35.5 in.
Prey
•Many native fish
•Suction-cup mouth to attach itself to the skin of fish
•Sharp probing tongue and teeth pull away tissue
Sea Lamprey
Anadromous (like salmon) Young are born in inland rivers Live in ocean as adults Return to the rivers to bread Young emerge from the eggs as larvae’
Blind and toothless 3 to 7 years Buried in mud and filter-feeding
Once their big enough metamorphosize into their parasitic form
Flathead Catfish
Flathead Catfish
• Native to large rivers: Lower great lakes to northern Mexico
Found
• Decline in native species of catfish• Prey on crabs and young American Eels
Affects
• Stocked to non-native waters beginning in 1950s
Introduced
Flathead Catfish
Flat head Smooth, scale less skin Whisker-like barbels around the
mouth Long, sharp spines on the dorsal
fin and one on each side of the pectoral fin
3 to 4 feet Can exceed 100 lbs Pale yellow to light brown on
back and sides Highly mottle with black and
brown Pale yellow or cream colored
belly
Northern Snakehead (all species)
Northern Snakehead (all species)
Native to…• China, Russia, North Korea, South
Korea
Appeared• Crofton, Maryland, pond in the
summer of 2002
Northern Snakehead (all species)
Long dorsal fin with 49-50 rays
Anal fin with 31-32 rays
Small depressed head Large mouth Villiform teeth in
bands Golden tan to pale
brown with
Round Goby
Round Goby
Native
Eurasia
Black Sea, Caspian Sea
Habitat
Coastal Lakes, rivers, and
lagoons
Freshwater, euryhaline (salt-
tolerant)
Food
Nocturnal
Mollusks, crustaceans,
worms, fish eggs
Round Goby
Small, soft-bodied fish Black spot on dorsal fin Large eyes that protrude
from the top of his head 4 to 10 inches .176 to 2.816 ounces Males are larger than
females Young are grey and adults
are mottled with grey, black, brown, olive green
Tubenose Goby
Tubenose GobyHabitat•Slightly brackish to
freshwater•Under rocks, logs, and shells
Introduced•First found in the Great
Lakes•1990
Feed•Zebra Mussels•Aquatic insects
Tubenose Goby
Mottled brown Two dorsal fins Rounded caudal fin Blunt head Large eyes Fusion of their fins to
form a suctorial disc Long interior nostrils Rarely exceeds 11cm in
length
European Rudd
European Rudd• Western Europe to Caspian and Aral
Sea basins • Not found in RussiaOrigin• Pools, canals, lakes, slow-running
rivers with muddy bottoms• Found by vegetationHabitat• Snails, aquatic insects, small fish• Surface feeders (also at the bottom and
at mid-depths)Food
European Rudd
Maximum 4 to 5 pounds More commonly 2lbs Forked tail, upturned mouth Strongly marked scales, dark
brown back, golden brown sides, white belly
Reddish orange pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins
Dorsal and tail fins are dusky 8-9 dorsal ray, 10-11 anal
rays Red eyes or eyes with a red
spot
Asian Carp
Asian Carp
8 Types of Asian Carp Grass Carp Common Carp Silver Carp Large Scale Silver Carp Bighead Carp Black Carp Common Goldfish Crucian Carp Mud Carp
Asian Carp
Problem SpeciesBighead CarpBlack CarpGrass CarpSilver Carp
Asian Carp
Bighead Carp
Bighead Carp
Freshwater fish Large scale-less head Large mouth Low eyes on head Adults have a mottled
silver-gray coloration Tremendous growth
rate Filter feeders
Black Carp
•Can grow up to 3ft and over 70 lbs•Eat snails and mussels•Live in groups with other carp (even other species)•Used for food, domestic fishes
Grass Carp
Introduced for aquatic weed control
Likes large, turbid rivers, floodplain lakes
Temperature tolerant Color is dark olive
shading to brownish-yellow on the sides with a white belly and large slightly outlined scales
Grass Carp
Silver Carp
Leap high into the air (8-10ft)
Cause boatmen injuries
Adaptation
Silver Carp
Hard to catch with hook and line gear
Use suspension method Large dough ball that
disintegrates slowly Surrounded by a nest of
hooks not embedded in the bait
Water Fleas Spiny Water Flea Fishhook Water flea
Spiny Water Flea
Spiny Water Flea
Not an insect Half inch long Crustacean with long,
sharp, barbed tail spine Native to Great Britain
and northern Europe east to the Caspian Sea
First found of 1984 Now found in Great
Lakes and some inland islands
Fishhook Water Flea
Fishhook Water Flea
Prolific Breeder Long hooked tail catches on fishing lines and net
Fouling the angler’s gear Found in brackish and fresh freshwater
environments Predator that devours small plankton Laval fish eat them Commonly reproduce parthenogenically
Develop from unfertilized eggs Sometimes sexually reproduce
Fishhook Water Flea
Concerns High reproductive rate
Up to 13 offspring at one time Reproduce numerous times in one season Produce resting eggs
Remain dormant over the winter
Compete with larger sport and commercial fish along with larval fish of most species
Eat zooplankton Clog fishing lines
Mussels and Clams Zebra Mussel Quagga Mussel Asian Clam Asiatic Clam
Zebra Mussel
Cause
Introduced in 1960’s From Europe (Black
and Caspian Seas) Transported to North
America in a freshwater ballast
Effects
Clog water pipes Compete with native
species Native mussel
populations are suffering
Quickly reproduce One adult can have a
million larvae The larvae are free
floating and can travel long distances
Actions
Trying to find animals that eat them
Introducing toxic microbes
It is required that ships change ballast water in mid-ocean (kills them)
Real World Example
Located in the Great Lakes
One year after Zebra Mussels were discovered there were about 35,000 per square yard
Around $350,000 to $400,000 is used to clear them from the intake pipes every year
Quagga Mussel
Quagga Mussel
Freshwater Mussel Lifespan 3 to 5 years Native to Ukraine Slightly larger than the Zebra Mussel Filter feeder Use their cilia to pull water into shell cavity Adults can filter up to one or more liters of
water each day
Quagga Mussel • Phytoplankton• Zooplankton• AlgaeDiet
• Mucus• Out the incurrent siphon• Particle-free water is then discharged out the
excurrent siphonEject
• Dioecious (either male or female) with external fertilization
• Female mussels are capable of producing up to one million eggs per yearReproduction
Asian Clam
Asian Clam
•Can reach 50 mm in length•Yellow-green to brown in color •Concentric rings•Inside of shell is layered with a polished and light purple•Capable of self-fertilization•Stay inside of parent’s gills until one mm and then discharged•Reach maturity at 6-10 mm•Life span of 1-4 years•Eat phytoplankton
Asian Clam
Biofouler
•Power plants
•Industrial water systems
•Irrigation canals and pipes
Compete
•Native Mussel Species
•Can tolerate polluted environments•Bett
er than native species
Origin
•Freshwater species to southern and eastern Asia and Africa
•Brought over by immigrants as a food source and were released
Problem
•Freshwater locations in the U.S.
•Five gulf states, northern Mexico
•San Francisco Bay, California and Chesapeake Bay, and Virginia
The End… For Now
Asiatic Clam
Macro Invertebrates
Rusty Crayfish
Turtles
Red-Eared Slider
Frogs and Toads
Amphibians