By: Meghana Pendyala and Gabriela Cruz Anterior Pituitary Gland
Transcript
Slide 1
Slide 2
By: Meghana Pendyala and Gabriela Cruz
Slide 3
Where In the body can the glands be located? The pituitary
gland is located at the base of the brain, underneath the
hypothalamus. It is attached by the infundibulum. The anterior
portion is located towards the front.
Slide 4
What hormones and type of hormones does the gland produce?
HormoneSymbol(s)TargetEffect Adrenocorticotrop ic hormone
ACTHAdrenal gland Secretion of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid
and androgens Thyroid- stimulating hormone TSHThyroid gland
Secretion of thyroid hormones Follicle- stimulating hormone
FSHGonads Growth of reproductive system Luteinizing hormone L+H,
ICSHGonads Sex hormone production Growth hormoneGH, STH Liver,
adipose tissue Promotes growth; lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
ProlactinPRL Ovaries, mammary glands Secretion of estrogens/progest
erone; milk production
Slide 5
Why are these hormones important to the maintenance of
homeostasis? The pituitary gland secretes hormones that cause other
glands to produce their hormones. For example, if calcium levels in
the blood are too low, the pituitary gland can produce thyroid-
stimulating hormone so that the thyroid can produce its hormone to
adjust calcium levels.
Slide 6
Feedback mechanism and Antagonistic Hormones The pituitary
gland produces hormones that are both part of the positive feedback
and negative feedback mechanisms. LH, GH, and Prolactin are
positive feedback mechanisms ACTH, TSH, and FSH are negative
feedback mechanisms Antagonistic hormones are hormones that
maintain homeostasis ACTH, TSH, and FSH are antagonistic
hormones
Slide 7
Releasing Hormones and Glands Growth hormone (GH), Luteinizing
hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH) and Prolactin are all releasing hormones. Adrenal gland,
mammary gland, thyroid gland, and gonads are all releasing
glands.
Slide 8
Disorders Growth Hormone Deficiency causes growth failure for
children and for adults decreased energy and quality of life.
Growth Hormone Excess causes acromegaly, increase in size of hands,
feet, jaw and skull. Prolactinomas causes impotence, infertility
and decreased libido. This can be treated with prolactin serums as
well as dopamine supplements. ACTH deficiency is associated with
fatigue, pallor, anorexia, weight loss, hypotension, hyponatraemia,
hypoglycaemia, and eosinophilia. This can be treated with doses of
hydrocortisone. Other disorders include Hypopituitarism and
Gonadotropin deficiency.
Slide 9
Cushings Disease A form of Cushings Syndrome. Condition where
the pituitary gland releases too much ACTH. Too much ACTH. This in
turn stimulates the release of cortisol (stress hormone). Symptoms:
Central obesity and a hump between shoulders. Round, red, full
face. Acne, purple marks (striae), easily bruised skin. Increased
thirst or urination. (In some) Sweating In Women: Excess hair
growth on face, neck, abdomen and thighs. Irregular Menstrual
cycles. In Men: Decreased or no desire for sex. Surgery.