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By: Mr. ButtellAPUSH WBHS
Early Emancipation in the North
Missouri Compromise, 1820
Lone Star Rebellion
Austin leads groups of Americans into Texas
Issues with the Mexican govt. spring up and lead to problems.
Slavery is the issue After slaughter at the
Alamo and Goliad, Houston holds off Santa Anna at Battle of San Jacinto
Characteristics of the Antebellum South
1. Primarily agrarian.
2. Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.”
3. “Cotton Is King!” * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports).
4. Very slow development of industrialization.
5. Rudimentary financial system.
6. Inadequate transportation system.
Southern Society (1850)“Slavocracy”
[plantation owners]
The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers]
6,000,000
Black Freemen
Black Slaves3,200,000
250,000
Total US Population 23,000,000[9,450,000 in the South = 40%]
US Laws Regarding Slavery
1. U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]
2. 1793 Fugitive Slave Act.
3. 1850 stronger Fugitive Slave Act.
Slavery Was Less Efficient
in the U. S. than Elsewhere
J High cost of keeping slaves fromescaping.
J GOAL raise the “exit cost.”u Slave patrols.
u Southern Black Codes.
u Cut off a toe or a foot.
Slave Resistance• Refusal to work hard.
• Isolated acts of sabotage.
• Escape via the Underground Railroad.
Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages
The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.
Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South
1822
Gabriel Prosser
1800
Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South:
Nat Turner, 1831
The Culture of Slavery1. Black Christianity [Baptists or
Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.
2. “Pidgin” or Gullah languages.
3. Nuclear family with extended kin links,where possible.
4. Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].
Abolitionist Movemente 1816 American Colonization Society created (gradual, voluntary emancipation.
British Colonization Society symbol
Abolitionist Movement
e Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica.
e No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s.
Gradualists Immediatists
William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
e Slavery & Masonryundermined republicanvalues.
e Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.
e Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue. R2-4
The Liberator
Premiere issue January 1, 1831
R2-5
Other White Abolitionists
Lewis Tappan
Arthur Tappan
James Birney
e Liberty Party.e Ran for President
in 1840 & 1844.
Black Abolitionists
David Walker(1785-1830)
1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 “The North Star”
R2-12
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)
or Isabella Baumfree
1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10
Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)
e Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.
e $40,000 bounty on her head.
e Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.
“Moses”
Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground
Railroad
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroade “Conductor” ==== leader of the
escape
e “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves
e “Tracks” ==== routes
e “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves
e “Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep