Thyroid & Parathyroid Gland

By:

Ronisha Howard

Maryam Mahmood

A1

Thyroid & Parathyroid Gland

Endocrine SystemFunctions ImportanceGlands that produce endocrine secretions, helps to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity, and include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, islets of Langerhans, ovaries, and testes

Maintains HomeostasisThe functions of the endocrine system is to secrete hormones, it helps control bodily metabolic activity. Which helps produce other hormones and runs in a cycle of negative feedback which level the body back to normal or positive feedback where it produce to much or to little of the hormone and throws the body off balance. The important of endocrine system is to maintain homeostasis in the body 2The Thyroid Gland

Its located below your larynx around your tracheaConsists of two lobes, its the posterior portion of your neck

The one on the right is from a actual cadaver and the one on the left is animated 3The Parathyroid Gland Located on the anterior side the thyroid, four little bumps. By the trachea

To the right is the hislogy of the parathyroid gland which is the microscopy with high magnification and the left is a general overview of it 4Posterior portion of the neck(Thyroid) Front of the trachea's 2nd, 3rd, and 4th C-shapedThe Parathyroid located on the anterior portion of the thyroid

Location & diagramThe thyroid gland is located on the posterior part of the on the trachea, in the front of the tracheas 2nd,3rd,and 4th c-shaped of the neck or commonly known as the Adams apple on men. The parathyroid is located on the anterior on top of the thyroid looks like little dots. 5

Function: Thyroid gland is to concentrate iodine from the blood to make thyroid hormone.Role: After being secreted it stop to each and every cell and see if the cell needs more oxygen or nutrients

http://www.muschealth.com/video/default.aspx?videoId=10158 (1:42)Role and Function Your thyroid works in accord with the whole body of glands to keep the body running smoothly.so that the tiny cells are regulating and functioning at the proper levels. But the thyroid main job is to produce two hormones which are triiodothyroid and thyroxine (T3 AND T4) 6

Para follicular Cells Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormones Works to help keep your body calcium level in balance

Follicular Cells Thyroxine(T4)Four atoms of Iodine Triiodothyronine(T3)Three atoms of Iodine

What hormones are secreted in these glands?

It needs iodine to produce hormones in the thyroid and parathyroid gland which contains thyroxine and triiodothyronine which is connected to the blood steam to make thyroid hormones . Both pics are the different pathways 7Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is from Greek ioeids, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vaporSymbol: I

Electron configuration: Kr 4d10 5s2 5p5

Atomic number: 53

Boiling point: 363.7F (184.3C)

Atomic mass: 126.90447 u

Discoverer: Bernard CourtoisIodine

Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial bodyDrugs in class: Calcitonin salmon

CALCITONIN

Symptoms fracture bone before learning that they have the disease. Pain/ Loss of height What is osteoporosis disease Its a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture. Usually the bone loses density, which measures the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone.TreatmentsLifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise Taking calcium and vitamin DUsing medicines

Osteoporosis Diseases

What is GoiterA goiter can occur in a gland that is producing too much hormone A goiter indicates there is a condition present which is causing the thyroid to grow abnormally.SymptomsAbnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland(neck)Treatments (depends on which hypo/hyper)Supplementation given by mouthRadioactive Therapy

Goiter Disease

The term goiter simply refers to the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is important to know that the presence of a goiter does not necessarily mean that the thyroid gland is malfunctioning. A goiter can occur in a gland that is producing too much hormone (hyperthyroidism), too little hormone (hypothyroidism), or the correct amount of hormone (euthyroidism). A goiter indicates there is a condition present which is causing the thyroid to grow abnormally. Two of the most common causes of goiter is the deficiency to produce iodine hormone (which is called hypothyroidism). Or to much of the iodine is being produced which is called hyperthyroidism 11Postpartum" means "after birth" and usually refers to conditions seen in the mother after giving birth, such as postpartum depression. - postpartum thyroiditis is seen in approximately 1 in 20 women after childbirth, and usually resolves itself. It begins with a period of hyperthyroidism ends. In some women, it does not get better in time, and they must receive treatment for hypothyroidism for the rest of their lives.

The thyroid gland is supplied by two arteries, the superior thyroid artery branches from the external carotid artery, and the inferior thyroid artery branches from the subclavian artery

The thyroid gland is actually named for its position on the thyroid cartilage, which forms the Adam's Apple Also called the laryngeal prominence (Adams Apple)The thyroid cartilage in turn gets its name for the Greek for "shield" referring to its shape.

Fun Facts

http://www.thyroid.org/what-is-a-goiter/http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thyroid.org%2F&ei=fBIuUs6pC8yAygHcvIGAAg&usg=AFQjCNGw6El2qMKYW3rC59KeZ48389GX3Q&bvm=bv.51773540,d.aWchttp://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDUQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fthyroidhelp.org%2F&ei=fBIuUs6pC8yAygHcvIGAAg&usg=AFQjCNF7XcvL1QZ2d_-K0K6HOg1NFDAHVQhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_glandHoles essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology by David Shier/ Jackie Butler / Ricki Lewis Bibliography What are the two cell kinds the Thyroid gland is made of?

What is the disease Hyperthyroidisms caused by?

What are the two type of glands we talked about through our entire presentation, and where are they located ?questions'

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