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By samah alfar0127943
OUT LINE Family Definition Types of Families Family Functions Family Values Family Life-style Family dynamics Calgary Family Assessment Model(CFAM Family Roles Family and nurse Conclusion- summary- article
OBJECTIVEAt the end of this seminar the student will be able
to
Define family define family type
definevalu
FAMILY Social system of two or more people Define themselves as a family Share bonds of emotional closeness
DEFINITIONS OF THE FAMILY
A social unit interacting with the larger society (Johnson, 1984)
A primary group of people living in a household proximity and intimate relationship (Helvic, 1981)
ACCORDING TO STUART (1991) FAMILY HAS FIVE CRITICAL ATTRIBUTES
The family is a system or unit Its members may or may not be
related or may or may not live together
The unit may or may not contain children
There is commitment and attachment among unit members that include future obligation
The unit care-giving functions consist of protection, nourishment, and socialization of its members.
TYPES OF FAMILIESNuclear Family. Joint Family. Reconstituted families.Single-parent families.
NUCLEAR Nuclear conjugal: husband, wife, and children Nuclear dyads: married couple without children
under 18 living in home Children may be biological or adopted Dual-earner: two working parents with or without
children Found in all societies. Authority and decision making power lies with the
husband (head of the family). Wife has the role of rearing children. Changing trend: wife is also having participation
in generating family income and decision making. Influence on family matter by relatives is
negligible.
JOINT FAMILY (EXTENDED) Include family members other than
spouses or children. Husband wife children + uncles aunts
cousins and grand children. May include stepkin Share expenses and tasks Live in close proximity and provide
mutual support. Joint Family Also called extended
family system. Have representatives of three or four
generations.
RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES
Reconstituted families Divorced or widowed adults with new spouse, step children
SINGLE-PARENT Most common family served by community
health nurse Consists of adult woman or man and children
STEPFAMILIES Two adults, at least one of whom has
remarried Can include children from previous marriage Can include children from the new marriage
GRANDPARENT-HEADED Older person or grandparent is head of
household Comprise approximately 7% of U.S. families Many factors contribute to grandparent-
headed families
FOSTER At least one adult and one or more foster
children Children placed by the court system May contain the adult’s own biological or
adopted children Higher incidence of mental disorders in foster
children
HIERARCHICAL SYSTEMS
FAMILY FUNCTIONS The family acts to achieve a balance
between individuals needs and family needs and family goals; this is accomplished through family function.
THREE DECADES AGO,
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY WERE DELINEATED AS:
Social Reproduction Economic Cooperation and sexual relation
TODAY, THE FOCUS HAS EXPANDED TO INCLUDE:
Affection Security Identity Seek of belonging Socialization, and Control functions
FAMILY VALUESARE APPARENT IN RELATION TO THEIR
VIEWS
Recreation in practice perspective
Education in practice perspective
Health in practice perspective
RECREATIONAll members included priorities.
EDUCATIONExciting Important Threatened by teacherTeacher → FriendsTeachers → Authority figures
FAMILY HEALTH PRACTICES:Nutritional statusRecreationExercise activitiesSleeping patternsUse health resources
FAMILY LIFE-STYLE CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE WAY A FAMILY
CONDUCTS ITSDay-to-day living, Communication patterns,Decision making abilities
ProcessPerson
Crisis responses, andValues and attitudes toward health.
Don't forget that there are differences between your perception and the family perceptions
FAMILY DYNAMICS Balance of power and division of labor (roles) If imbalance effect occurs, then
DivorceRun awayViolence
CALGARY FAMILY ASSESSMENT MODEL (CFAM )
THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES:
Family Structural AssessmentFamily Developmental
AssessmentFamily Functional Development
1 .FAMILY STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT Internal Structure
Family composition: all members of household as defined by the family
Rank order : position of children in family with respect to age
Subsystems: smaller clusters within family e.g. husband-wife
Boundary: to protect the differentiation of subsystems, may
be clear, diffuse, rigid.( who participate &how)
* EXTERNAL STRUCTURE Culture Religion Social class Environment Extended family (origin)
STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT TOOLS The genogram and the ecomap are two tools
that are particularly helpful.
The nurse uses them in outlining the family's internal and external structures.
GENOGRAM Is a diagram of the family, it shows the structure
of intergenerational relationships
ECOMAP Is a diagram of the family's contact with others
outside of the immediate family. It pictures the important connections between the
family and the world.
KEYS
BLANK GENOGRAM
SAMPLESAMPLE FAMILY GENOGRAMFAMILY GENOGRAM..
Sample Family EcomapSample Family Ecomap.
SAMPLE ON ECOMAP
2. FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT
1. Instrumental functioning
2. Expressive Functioning
3. FAMILY FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
1. INSTRUMENTAL FUNCTIONING
Daily livingEatingSleepingPreparing mealsChanging dressingInjection
2. EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONING Emotional communication Verbal communication Nonverbal communication Circular communication Problem-Solving Roles Control (money, vocations) Beliefs Alliances (focus on the directionality, balance of the
relationships between family members)
Family Developmental Assessment
Stages Tasks Attachments
STAGES
Marriage: the joining of families Families with infants Families with preschoolers Families with school children Families with teen agers Middle-aged families Aging families
Nursing Focus
Identify/assess family stage Assess degree that family has achieved
developmental task Assess family engagement in action that
promotes accomplishment of developmental tasks
WHY NURSES WORK WITH FAMILIES
To reduce the factors that damage health. To enhance good health and well being. To strengthen self-care and coping.
WHAT DO NURSES OFFER TO FAMILIES
Health promotion. Disease prevention and early detection. Home care.
Health System Considerations
Family attitudes toward health and response to illness
Access to and use of health care services
FAMILY CRISIS
Occurs when family faces a seemingly-insolvable problem
TYPES OF FAMILY CRISES
Situational Family experiences an event that is sudden,
unexpected, and unpredictable Maturational
Normal transition point Exchange old patterns and roles for new
CURRENT TRENDS AFFECTING FAMILY STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS INJORDAN
Big family size. Increasing access to education for
women. Delaying marriage. Poverty and widening the gap between
the rich and poor. Increasing rates of divorce. Changing and blurring of gender role. Growing women’s employment. Awareness of domestic violence.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES Don't forget that each family is unique
At the same time, every family is like every other family
CERTAIN COMMON CHARACTERISTICS ARE: Every family is a small social system Every family has its own cultural values
and rules Every family has structure Every family has certain basic functions Every family move through stages in its life
cycle
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILIES
A healthy family is a well-functioning family. Though, analysis of family in terms of how it
meets the basic functions is not enough to give a picture of its health status.
One means of viewing family health is by examining family strength ; seven ( 7 ) majors ones:
Family Pride ( اإلعتزاز ) Family Support ( الدعم ) Cohesion ( اإللتحام ) Adaptability Religious Orientation Communication Social Support
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILIES
The literature on families describes health families as having six important characteristics:
Healthy families were described as having six important characteristics. There is a Facilitative process of interaction
among the family members. They enhance individual member development. Their relationships are structured effectively. They actively attempt to cope with the
problems. They have a healthy home environment and
life-style. They establish regular links with broader
community.
A CULTURAL ASSESSMENT WOULD INCLUDE
LET THE FAMILY DEFINE HEALTHThe family's definition of health and illnessThe family's approach to health
maintenance and a disease preventionFamily's beliefs regarding illness-cure
treatment * Folk medicine
Cultural preference related to foodDegree of identification with cultural groupFamily functioning.
Child rearing practices Values regarding and space
FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS
Primary prevention-aggregate level Advocate
Environmental protection Social justice Availability of health promotion and illness
prevention services Teach coping skills
PRIMARY PREVENTION FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Family level Health promotion and protection
Educate family members Safety Nutrition Physical activity/rest
Illness prevention Teaching effective hygiene Referring for immunizations
SECONDARY FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Family level
Assist families in obtaining needed care Help families deal with problems Link families with services Crisis intervention
Population level Alert health policy makers to need for family
services Initiate plans for programs
TERTIARY FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Family level
Assist families in coping with long-term health problems
Assist in dealing with consequencesAssist families with loss of loved one
Population/aggregate levelAdvocate for development of respite
services for family caretakersCreate support groups for crisis-prone
families
Summary
conclusion
Resources
National Council on Family RelationsCommunity health nursing book
article