Chapter Three: Racial Ideologies from the

1920s to the Present By Tanya Maria Golash-Boza

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People in the United States do not usually think deeply about how whiteness is an idea that shapes many things and also can shift among categories of people

Pertinent Ideas from Chapter Two

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One area where whiteness has been important is in immigration and citizenship, as people labeled as white were provided many privileges in terms of immigration and citizenship.

Pertinent Ideas from Chapter Two

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Racial ideologies keep the idea of race alive.

The idea of systemic racism means that racism has always been present in the United States since its formation and that major institutions and their policies continue to reproduce racist actions through ideologies and their everyday routines.

To understand racial ideologies, we must define race, racism, and ideology.

Racial Ideologies

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Don’t Reach for the Banana

“1) that the people of the world can be divided into distinct groups, based on their appearance and genetic characteristics, and

(2) that these groups share moral and cultural attributes.” (p. 66)

Definition of Race Using Two Aspects

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“Racism encompasses both racial prejudice, the belief that people belong to distinct races and that these racial groups have innate hierarchical differences that can be measured and judged; and

racial discrimination, the practice of treating people differently on the basis of their race.” (p.66)

Racism:

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Ideologies are a group of ideas on a topic of social importance held in common by a group of people rather than just a simple belief of an individual.

Definition of ideology

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Has twin components:

1. Asserts that racial groups exist.

2. Openly and in hidden ways constructs justifications for why and how one racial group deserves to benefit over all others.

Racial Ideology

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1. Shooting of Trayvon Martin

2. Deportation of Mexican Americans

3. Japanese Internment

4. Tuskegee Syphilis experiment

Racial Ideologies at work in four historical examples

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During World War II, Japanese families, such as the Mochida family, were ordered to evacuate their homes and were placed in internment camps.

During the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, black men were diagnosed with syphilis yet were neither treated for it nor told they had it.

Ideologies change across time, beginning in the colonial period and moving into the present.

Scholars categorize these changes of racial ideologies as biological racism, cultural racism, and color-blind racism.

Attributes of Racial Ideologies

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This belief system asserts and acts upon the idea that whites are superior based on their better genetic makeup.

The Racial Ideology of Biological Racism

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This ideology asserts that whites are superior because they practice better cultural habits as a group.

The Racial Ideology of Cultural Racism

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This argues that all people should be treated the same despite the color of their skin.

Color-blind Universalism

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This ideology draws on a few strategies that work through rhetoric:

◦Minimization of racism—a racist deed is explained away using a different explanation than racist intent.

◦Naturalization—an act of racism that is explained as just the way it is or with the idea that there will always be inequality.

The Racial Ideology of Color-blind Racism

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◦Abstract Liberalism—using freedom of the individual to excuse inequality with the explanation that people choose to be in the situations that they are in

◦Cultural Racism—blaming victims of racism for their own situation because of the habits of living they are characterized with

The Racial Ideology of Color-blind Racism

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Eduardo Bonilla-Silva’s ‘Racism Without Racists’

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Hidden racism rather than outright discrimination can be one way that racism continues.

“[A] racial ideology that upholds the superiority of whites and ensures that whites have access to the best resources persists.” (p. 89)

Hidden Racism

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Racism and how it manifests utilizes old forms and takes new forms.

Some forms of racism include:Biological RacismCultural RacismColor-Blind UniversalismColor-Blind Racism

-What are situations in which you see these form of racism at work?

Conclusion

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