By Vincent ManninoBy Vincent ManninoCounty Extension Director – Fort BendCounty Extension Director – Fort Bend

1,350,000 Living Speciesof Plants & Animals

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

Population

Bugs

Plants

Animals800,

000

(60%

)

Major Arthropod Classes (jointed foot)

Species Percentages Insecta = 90% Arachnida = 6% Crustacea = 2.5% Chilopoda & Diplopoda = 1.5%

Body composed of 3 divisions. Head bears 1 pair of antennae and one pair

of compound eyes and up to 3 simple eyes. Thorax bears 3 pair of legs and 1-2 pairs of

wings. Abdomen bears the ovipositor.

Insecta

Body composed of 2 divisions cephlathorax (head+thorax) abdomen.

Antennae are absent Eyes are simple 4 pairs of legs attached to

cephlathorax Mainly terrestrial.

Arachnida

Banana spider

Crustacea Mostly aquatic Breathe by gills 2 pairs of antennae 4 or more pairs of legs

some modified for swimming

Terrestrial Breathe by air tubes Legs on each body segment

Chilopoda – 1 pair Diplopoda – 2 pairs

One pair of antennae Chilopoda has poison

glands behind the head.

Chilopoda & Diplopoda

Millipede

Centipede

The World of Insects

250,000 U. S. SPECIES

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

NEI

EP

B

Not Economically Important - 225,000 (90%)

Economic Pests - 7,500 (3%)

Beneficial - 17,500 (7%)

Key Pests

Occasional Pests

Secondary pests

Basic EconomicPest Categories

Key PestsThose which

cause economic

losses and/or misery almost

annually.

Occasional Pests

Those which infrequently

cause economic losses; generally due to specific

weather factors.

Secondary Pests

Those occasional pests or non-pests which

cause economic losses due to a

man-made disruption.

External Anatomyof an Insect

Ways InsectsDamage Plants

Chew, tunnel, & mine leaves, stems, fruit and roots.

Pierce and suck leaves, stems and fruit Cause egg-laying damage and use plant

parts for nesting Inject toxins into leaves and

disseminate disease

Mouthparts

stylet

coilhook

snout

sponging

mandibles

A. running; B. jumping; C. digging; D. grasping; E. catching; F. walking & digging; G. reduced leg used

for walking & digging;

H. walking on water

Legs Types

Antennae

Wings

Membranous

Lacey

Insect Growth & Development

Types of Metamorphosis

No Metamorphosis Gradual

Metamorphosis Incomplete

Metamorphosis Complete

Metamorphosis

No Metamorphosis

Gradual Metamorphosis

Incomplete Metamorphosis

Complete Metamorphosis

Order COLEOPTERA The Beetles

Diverse, 40% of all insects

Complete metamorphosis

Chewing mouthparts Wings - 4, front wings

being elytra Variable antennae

Order: COLLEMBOLAThe Springtales

None are harmful Fercula present No metamorphosis Chewing mouthparts No Wings Antennae - short,

filiform

Order: DERMAPTERA

The Earwigs

Large cerci, scavengers Gradual Metamorphosis Chewing mouthparts Wings - 4, leathery,

short Antennae - filiform

Order: DIPTERAThe Flies

Diverse Excellent flyers Sponging or sucking

mouthparts Complete metamorphosis Wings - 2, rear wings

reduced to halteres Antennae - short bristle-

like or filiform

Order: EPHEMEROPTERAThe Mayflies

Short-lived (for a day) Long cerci Mouthparts: adults have

none, naiads have chewing Incomplete Metamorphosis Wings - 4, large,

membranous Short filiform-type antennae

Comments: Sap feeders Sucking Mouthparts Gradual Metamorphosis Wings - 4, front wings are

hemeltyra Antennae - generally long,

filiform All have a scutellum

Order: HEMIPTERAThe True Bugs (stinkbugs)

Order: HOMOPTERACICADAS, HOPPERS, WHITEFLY, APHIDS,

SCALES

Most diverse group, Sap-feeders Sucking Mouthparts Gradual Metamorphosis Wings - 4, similar in form,

held roof-like Antennae - filiform to

bristle-like

Many beneficial species Chewing to modified

sucking mouthparts Complete metamorphosis Wings - 4, membranous Antennae - 10+ segments

Order: HYMENOPTERAWASPS, BEES, ANTS

Comments: Highly social, wood feeders

Chewing Mouthparts Gradual Metamorphosis Wings - 4 (on

reproductives), equal in size

Antennae - Moniliform, filiform

Order: ISOPTERATERMITES

Comments: Larvae mostly plant feeders

Larvae have chewing mouthparts, adults have sucking

Complete metamorphosis Wings - 4, scaly Variable antennae

Order: LEPIDOPTERAMOTHS & BUTTERFLIES

Comments: Most all are beneficial

Mouthparts - Chewing, sucking

Complete metamorphosis, larvae predaceous

Wings - 4, with many cross veins

Antennae - filiform

Order: NEUROPTERAALDERFLIES, LACEWINGS,

ANTLIONS,...

Comments: Primitive, large insects w/ prominent

wing veins Incomplete metamorphosis Wings - 4, dragonfs. hold

wings out, damself. fold wings up.

Short, filiform antennae.

Order: ODONATADRAGONFLIES & DAMSELFLIES

Comments: Primitive, straight-winged

Chewing Mouthparts Gradual Metamorphosis Wings - 4, front pair leathery Antennae - Variable

Order: ORTHOPTERAGRASSHOPPERS, CRICKETS, ROACHES,

MANTIDS

Comments: Primitive, large, soft- bodied, cerci present

Chewing mouthparts, many adults do not feed

Incomplete metamorphosis Wings - 4, large, membranous Long filiform antennae

Order: PLECOPTERASTONEFLIES

Comments: Minute insects, disease transmitters

Rasping/sucking mouthparts Incomplete Metamorphosis Wings - 4, fringed Antennae - short, 4-9

segments

Order: THYSANOPTERATHRIPS

Comments: Small, flattened laterally

Sucking mouthparts Complete

metamorphosis

Wingless Reduced antennae

Order: SIPHONAPTERAFleas

BUGS, NATURE & YOU ~ We Can Get Along! ~

The End!