BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 1

Topic covered:

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) - NEET

Worksheet

1. _____________ is formed before fertilization in gymnosperms.

a. Endosperm b. Seed

c. Embryo d. Cotyledon

2. Which among the following shows a symbiotic association in its roots?

a. Cycas b. Pinus

c. Pisum sativum d. All of the above

3. Cycas has _____________ in its coralloid roots.

a. brown algae b. fungi

c. blue green algae d. green algae

4. Which is the odd one out?

a. Cycas b. Ginkgo

c. Pinus d. Wolffia

5. The sporophyte is a dominant phase in

a. all land plants

b. all spermatophytes only

c. all spermatophytes and pteridophytes

d. all vascular cryptogams only

6. Which among the following is the correct statement?

a. All gymnosperms are homosporous

b. All gymnosperms are heterosporous

c. Mostly all gymnosperms are heterosporous and only few are homosporous

d. All gymnosperms and all pteridophytes are heterosporous

7. Gymnosperms do not include

a. shrubs b. trees

c. herbs d. climbers

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 2

8. In gymnosperms, the male cone bears ___________, and the female cone bears

____________ respectively.

a. megasporophylls, microsporophylls

b. microsporophylls, megasporophylls

c. megasporangium, microsporangium

d. microsporophylls, microsporangium

9. After double fertilisation, ___________ degenerate, __________ forms into an embryo,

___________ forms endosperm.

a. synergids, zygote, secondary nucleus

b. antipodals, zygote, PEN

c. antipodals, endosperm, embryo

d. antipodals, PEN, zygote

10. Gymnosperms resemble pteridophytes in

a. producing seeds b. having vessels in xylem

c. having independent gametophyte d. having archegonia

11. If stamen is microsporophyll, then ______ is megasporophyll.

a. ovary b. pistil

c. embryo sac d. anther

12. Pollen grains develop inside the

a. filament b. carpel

c. anther d. megasporangium

13. During double fertilization, one male gamete fuses with egg and the other male

gamete fuses with the ___________.

a. antipodals b. secondary nucleus

c. synergids d. PEN

14. ___________ and ____________ are the male gametophyte and female gametophyte of the

flowering plants, respectively.

a. Embryo sac, pollen grain b. Pollen grain, embryo sac

c. Prothallus, protonema d. Pollen grain, ovule

15. Which of the following features play a role in reducing water loss in Pinus?

a. Sunken stomata b. Thick cuticle

c. Needle like leaves d. All of these

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 3

16. Non flowering plants producing seeds have

a. reduced sporophyte

b. equally dominant sporophyte and gametophyte

c. dominant gametophyte

d. reduced gametophyte

17. Which of the following is haploid in gymnosperms?

a. Megaspore mother cell b. Microspore mother cell

c. Endosperm d. Nucellus

18. What do gymnosperms and angiosperms have in common?

a. Their gametophyte is dominant

b. They produce flowers

c. They rely on water for reproduction

d. They produce seeds

19. The gametophyte generation in Cycas is found inside the

a. flowers b. cones

c. cotyledons d. embryo

20. Pollen grain of gymnosperms has 16 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will the

endosperm of the gymnosperms have?

a. 32 b. 16

c. 8 d. 64

21. In Pinus, male and female cones occur

a. on same branch

b. on different branches of the same plant

c. on different plants

d. none of these

22. A plant in the division tracheophyta has a sporophyte with

a. isogametes

b. roots, stems and leaves

c. xylem vessels that transport water and nutrients

d. no independent life

23. The tallest tree in the world belongs to _________ genus and division of __________.

a. Sequoia, angiosperms b. Eucalyptus, gymnosperms

c. Sequoia, gymnosperms d. Eucalyptus, angiosperms

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 4

24. Angiosperms are classified based on the

a. mode of pollination b. number of cotyledons

c. mode of gametogenesis d. mode of fertilisation

25. Flowers aid in

a. asexual reproduction

b. sexual reproduction

c. both asexual and sexual reproduction

d. vegetative propagation

26. The egg apparatus inside the embryo sac in angiosperms is

a. two celled b. three celled

c. seven celled d. one celled

27. The embryo sac in angiosperms is ________ celled and ________ nucleated structure.

a. seven and eight b. eight and seven

c. four and five d. two and three

28. Post fertilisation, ___________ develops into seed and ovary develops into ___________.

a. nucellus, fruit b. ovules, seed coat

c. ovule, fruit d. integuments, fruit

29. In gymnosperms, male cone is made up of____________, which contain___________, inside

which __________ develop.

a. megasporophylls, megasporangium, female gametophytes

b. microsporophylls, microsporangium, pollen grains

c. microsporophylls, megasporangium, pollen grains

d. megasporophylls, megasporangium, male gametophytes

30. Archegonia are absent in

a. non flowering plants b. flowering plants

c. first land plants d. vascular cryptogams

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 5

Answer Key

Question Number

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Correct Answer

(a) (d) (c) (d) (c) (b) (c)

Question Number

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Correct Answer

(b) (b) (d) (b) (c) (b) (b)

Question Number

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Correct Answer

(d) (d) (c) (d) (b) (b) (b)

Question Number

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Correct Answer

(b) (c) (b) (b) (b) (a) (c)

Question Number

29 30

Correct Answer

(b) (b)

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 6

Solutions

1. (a)

Endosperm in gymnosperms is a pre-fertilization product, formed before

fertilisation. Ovules transform into seeds after fertilisation. Cotyledons are produced

during formation of embryos and have stored food reserves in the seed. The embryo

is formed from the zygote after fertilisation.

2. (d)

The roots of Pinus show fungal association. These roots are called mycorrhiza. Fungi

help to absorb water and minerals like phosphorus for the plant and the plant, in

turn, provides nourishment. This type of beneficial association is called mutualism or

symbiosis.

The coralloid roots of Cycas show symbiotic association with blue green algae. The

blue green algae help in nitrogen fixation. Cycas provides a habitat for the

cyanobacteria to grow.

The bacterium Rhizobium shares a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants

such as Pisum sativum, where it helps in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into

nitrates that can be absorbed by the roots of the legumes.

3. (c)

Coralloid roots of Cycas have symbiotic association with the blue green algae. The

filamentous blue green algae or cyanobacteria help in nitrogen fixation as they have

specialised cells called heterocysts. Cycas provides a habitat for the cyanobacteria to

grow.

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 7

4. (d)

Wolffia is an angiosperm. This is the world’s smallest flowering plant.

Cycas, Ginkgo and Pinus are gymnosperms.

Wolffia

5. (c)

The sporophyte is the dominant phase in all seed plants (spermatophytes) and

pteridophytes (vascular cryptogams).

Bryophytes are nonvascular land plants. In bryophytes, the dominant phase is

the gametophyte.

6. (b)

All gymnosperms and few pteridophytes are heterosporous as they produce two

different kinds of spores. The two different kinds of spores are microspores and

megaspores. Microspores develop into male gametophyte and megaspores develop

into female gametophyte.

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 8

7. (c)

Gymnosperms are usually in the form of trees (Pinus, Cedrus), shrubs (Ephedra,

Cycas), climbers (Gnetum).

Herbs are absent in gymnosperms.

Pinus Cycas Gnetum

8. (b)

In gymnosperms, male cone bears spirally arranged microsporophylls and female

cone has leaf-like structures called megasporophylls. Microsporophylls have

microsporangium inside which pollen grains (male gametophytes) develop.

Megasporophylls have megasporangium (ovule) inside which the female

gametophytes develop.

9. (b)

Double fertilisation is unique to flowering plants. It involves syngamy and triple

fusion. After double fertilisation, antipodals and synergids degenerate and the zygote

divides and develops into an embryo.

The endosperm is triploid as it is formed by the fusion of three haploid nuclei. Fusion

of one male gamete (n) with the diploid secondary nucleus (2n) (formed by fusion of

two haploid polar nuclei) results in the formation of triploid (3n) primary

endosperm nucleus (PEN). PEN divides and develops into a triploid nutritive tissue,

the endosperm.

10. (d)

Gymnosperms resemble pteridophytes in having archegonia. Archegonia are female

sex organs. Unlike gymnosperms, pteridophytes do not produce seeds. Vessels in

xylem are found only in angiosperms. Pteridophytes have independent gametophyte

but gymnosperms have a dependent and highly reduced gametophyte.

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 9

11. (b)

Stamens are equivalent to microsporophylls and carpels or pistils are equivalent to

megasporophylls.

12. (c)

Pollen grains contain the male gametophytes (three-celled structure) of angiosperms

that develop inside the microsporangium (pollen sac) of the anther. The stalk of the

stamen (microsporophyll) is called filament.

Female gametophytes (embryo sac) develop inside the megasporangium (ovule),

which is enclosed inside the carpel or pistil.

13. (b)

Double fertilisation includes syngamy and triple fusion.

In syngamy, the male gamete fuses with the female gamete forming zygote that

develops into an embryo.

In triple fusion, the male gamete fuses with the diploid secondary nucleus to form a

triploid primary endosperm nucleus (PEN) which divides and forms into endosperm.

14. (b)

The gametophytic generation is highly reduced in angiosperms. Pollen grain

represents the male gametophytic generation and embryo sac represents the female

gametophytic generation. Pollen grains have two cells, one vegetative and one

generative cell. Generative cell divides and forms two male gametes. Embryo sac is 7

celled and eight nucleated.

The gametophyte of pteridophytes is called prothallus.

Protonema develops from the spore in bryophytes. Protonema is a filamentous

structure that has buds. Buds on protonema develop into adult gametophytes.

15. (d)

Pinus is a gymnosperm. The leaves in gymnosperms are well adapted to withstand

the extremes of temperature. Presence of sunken stomata (not freely exposed to the

atmosphere), thick cuticle (reduces loss of water by diffusion from the top cells of the

leaves) and needle-like leaves (reduced surface area exposed to the atmosphere)

play an important role in reducing water loss.

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 10

16. (d)

Non flowering plants producing seeds are gymnosperms. Gymnosperms and

angiosperms have dominant sporophyte and reduced gametophyte.

Pteridophytes show an equally dominant sporophyte and gametophyte in their life

cycles. A dominant gametophyte and a reduced sporophyte is seen among

bryophytes.

17. (c)

The endosperm is haploid in gymnosperms and is formed before fertilisation.

Megaspore mother cell and microspore mother cell are diploid and they undergo

meiosis to produce spores.

Nucellus is the diploid nutritive tissue inside the ovule of seeded plants.

18. (d)

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms produce seeds. Gymnosperms produce naked

seeds while the angiosperms produce seeds enclosed inside the fruit. The

gametophyte of gymnosperms and angiosperms is reduced and dependent upon

sporophyte. Only angiosperms produce flowers in the plant kingdom.

Reproduction in angiosperms and gymnosperms is independent of water.

19. (b)

Cycas is a gymnosperm. Gymnosperms are non-flowering seed plants. Gametophyte

generation is highly reduced in gymnosperms and is enclosed inside the cones or

strobili. The megaspores and microspores formed inside the cones form the female

and male gametophytes, respectively.

Cotyledons are the seed leaves. Seeds are the compact structure consisting of

embryo, storage material and a protective covering. Seeds form the sporophyte.

20. (b)

Pollen grains are haploid. The endosperm in gymnosperms is haploid. Hence, both

cells of endosperm and pollen grain will have 16 chromosomes.

21. (b)

Pinus is monoecious, which means that both male and female reproductive structures

are present on the same plant. The male and female reproductive structures are

microsporangiate or male strobili and megasporangiate or female strobili,

respectively. It has male and female cones or strobili on different branches of the

same plant. Female cones occur on upper branches of the tree and male cones on the

lower branches of the tree.

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 11

22. (b)

Tracheophyta includes the plants with vascular tissues such as pteridophytes,

gymnosperms and angiosperms. They have a dominant sporophyte phase with roots,

stems and leaves. The sporophyte of tracheophytes is independent. Only

angiosperms have vessels in the xylem for conduction of water and minerals.

Pteridophytes and gymnosperms (except Gnetum) lack vessels. Tracheophytes

produce heterogametes. The male and female gametes differ morphologically and

physiologically.

23. (c)

Sequoia is considered to be the tallest tree. It belongs to gymnosperms.

24. (b)

Angiosperms are classified into dicots and monocots. This classification is done on

the basis of the number of cotyledons in the seed. The cotyledons contain the stored

food reserves of the seed. Dicots have two cotyledons in the seed and monocots have

a single cotyledon.

25. (b)

Flowers aid in sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male

and female gametes. Male gametes are produced inside the anther of the flower.

Female gametes are produced inside the carpel of flowers.

BYJU’S Home Learning Program

Plant Kingdom (Session 5) Page | 12

26. (b)

The egg apparatus, which is three celled, includes two synergids and an egg. It is

present near the micropylar end of embryo sac (opening of the ovule).

27. (a)

Embryo sac in angiosperms is seven celled and eight nucleated structure. This

includes three antipodals, two synergids, one egg and a large central cell. The large

central cell has two nuclei (diploid secondary nucleus). Rest of the cells have one

nucleus each.

28. (c)

In angiosperms after fertilisation, ovule develops into seed and ovary develops into

fruit. The seed coat forms from the integuments (the outer layer of the cells covering

ovule). Nucellus forms the diploid nutritive material for the embryo. Endosperm is

the triploid nutritive tissue.

29. (b)

Male cones in gymnosperms have spirally arranged microsporophylls inside which

microsporangia are present. The pollen grains develop inside the microsporangium.

30. (b)

Archegonia are female sex organs in bryophytes (first land plants), pteridophytes

(vascular cryptogams) and gymnosperms (non flowering plants). Archegonia are

absent in flowering plants.