Byzantine Art: Style of art originating out of Byzantine Empire, rich color, flat, stiff figures that appear to be floating, big round eyes, gold background

Who do you think this is?

It’s Emperor Justinian! What does this image tell us about relationship between Church/State?

The Great Schism of 1054

Christianity in the Byzantine Empire

• Official religion of the empire

• Church worked closely with gov’t

• Emperor was believed to be Christ’s representative on earth

Remember this guy???

Main Players

• Emperor Leo III – Eastern Empire, 717-741– Byzantine Emperor

• Pope is in Western Empire (also named Leo IX) 1002-1054

• Patriarch = Head of Church in Byzantine Empire

East vs. West…

• What were some of the primary differences:

•Political?•Economic?•Religious?•Cultural?

Continuing the tradition of East vs. West…

Growing Apart

• Geographic distance• Competition

between diocese• Different customs

– Language– Marital status of

priests– Communion bread– Dress– Use of icons

The issue of icons

• Idols or symbols of God’s presence?

• AD 726 – Emperor Leo III bans use of icons– Iconoclasts =

image breakers– Many refuse to

follow, church appeals decision

The real issue?

Let’s get ready to rumble…

• Pope names Charlemagne emperor of Holy Roman Empire (to show he is in charge of politics)

• Patriarch refuses to recognize Pope (why? remember the emperor’s role on earth…)

• Pope has Leo III excommunicated• Patriarch excommunicates the Pope

The Great Schism

• Schism = division or breaking up

• Temporary truce in the 1400s, don’t make peace again until 1964

Roman Catholicism v. Eastern Orthodox

In the West:Centered in RomePriests were

celibateLatin used in

servicesSupported use of

iconsHeaded by PopeBecomes Roman

Catholic Church

In the East:Centered in

ConstantinoplePriests could marryGreek used in

servicesForbid use of iconsHeaded by PatriarchBecomes Eastern

Orthodox Church