Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Bell Work 10/3/2012Bell Work 10/3/2012

1.1. What empire are we currently What empire are we currently studying?studying?

2.2. Where was the empire located? Where was the empire located?

3.3. Did you finish your graphic Did you finish your graphic organizer? Grid from last organizer? Grid from last Wednesday? Wednesday?

Byzantine Empire PreviewByzantine Empire Preview Politics: Politics: unity of Roman empire gave way to unity of Roman empire gave way to

many weaker states, some evolved into modern many weaker states, some evolved into modern nations, i.e. Britain and France.nations, i.e. Britain and France.

Society: Society: organized around system of personal organized around system of personal loyalties known as feudalismloyalties known as feudalism

Technology/Developments: Technology/Developments: new weapons new weapons such as longbow & cannon. First university. such as longbow & cannon. First university. Changes in architecture.Changes in architecture.

Culture: Culture: Great Schism will divide the Christian Great Schism will divide the Christian Church. Muslim and Christian armies fought the Church. Muslim and Christian armies fought the Crusades.Crusades.

Byzantine Empire

Life in Constantinople

Trade

Building

Justinian

Code of Laws

New Heights.New Problems.

Expansion/Geography

Church Split

SeljukTurks

Directions: Use pgs 304-306 to complete the web diagram. Provide 1-2 facts for each circle.

Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia

JustinianJustinian——emperor ofemperor of

Eastern Eastern Roman Roman

Empire. The Empire. The Byzantine Byzantine Empire. Empire. 527-565527-565

2 major accomplishments2 major accomplishments– Re-conquered lands of the Roman Re-conquered lands of the Roman

EmpireEmpire– Simplified the Roman Code of Laws, Simplified the Roman Code of Laws,

known as known as The Body of Civil LawThe Body of Civil Law

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Justinian’s conquests left Empire in Justinian’s conquests left Empire in trouble.trouble.– Too much territory to protect.Too much territory to protect.– Poor economy.Poor economy.– Population declined due to plague.Population declined due to plague.– Renewed threats along frontiers—such as Renewed threats along frontiers—such as

Arab Empire. Arab Empire.

ReadingReading Circle any vocabulary words you do not Circle any vocabulary words you do not

know.know. Underline key phrases that are Underline key phrases that are

written/spoken to motivate the readers.written/spoken to motivate the readers. Take notes in the margins about the Take notes in the margins about the

storyline—anything that stands out.storyline—anything that stands out.

Socratic Circle ExplanationSocratic Circle ExplanationStep 1: Complete reading on the ½ sheet. Rank your five Step 1: Complete reading on the ½ sheet. Rank your five

priorities. Come up with a reason or two for each selection.priorities. Come up with a reason or two for each selection.

Step 2: Inner circle will discuss their rankings for 10 minutes.Step 2: Inner circle will discuss their rankings for 10 minutes.

--After discussing for 10 minutes, inner circle will summarize --After discussing for 10 minutes, inner circle will summarize what they discussed.what they discussed.

Step 3: --Outer circle offers input on the inner circle’s job of Step 3: --Outer circle offers input on the inner circle’s job of discussing—comment on human behavior, positives/negatives. discussing—comment on human behavior, positives/negatives.

--Outer circle raters inner circles job. 1-10 scale. --Outer circle raters inner circles job. 1-10 scale.

--Outer circle sets goals for what they will accomplish/discuss --Outer circle sets goals for what they will accomplish/discuss during their time as the inner circle. during their time as the inner circle.

Step 4: Outer circle becomes the inner circle and repeats step 2. Step 4: Outer circle becomes the inner circle and repeats step 2.

Step 5: New outer circle comments on the inner circle’s job and Step 5: New outer circle comments on the inner circle’s job and

repeats step 3. repeats step 3.

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Capital Capital ConstantinopleConstantinople was medieval was medieval Europe’s greatest center of commerce, Europe’s greatest center of commerce, trade, and architecture.trade, and architecture.

Religion—Christian. Religion—Christian. Emperor’s power was absolute.Emperor’s power was absolute.

– Political control over state and church.Political control over state and church.

Rest of Europe? Rest of Europe? West of Byzantine Empire…West of Byzantine Empire…

Frankish Empire to the west of Frankish Empire to the west of Byzantine Empire.Byzantine Empire.

CharlemagneCharlemagne named Frankish named Frankish emperor—revived idea of an empire. emperor—revived idea of an empire.

Proved that a strong ruler=strong Proved that a strong ruler=strong empire.empire.

Christians in Europe going for Holy Christians in Europe going for Holy Land in Arab EmpireLand in Arab Empire

811 A.D.811 A.D. RedRed: Frankish Empire. : Frankish Empire. Blue: Byzantine Empire. Blue: Byzantine Empire. Green: Islam Green: Islam

EmpireEmpire

Crusades QuestionsCrusades Questions

Read pgs. 306-308 and tell me the Read pgs. 306-308 and tell me the – Who?Who?– Why?Why?– When?When?– Where?Where?– How?How?

1096-12721096-1272

The CrusadesThe Crusades

Crusades: WHO?Crusades: WHO?

European Christians trying to defeat European Christians trying to defeat Muslims living in the “Holy Land”Muslims living in the “Holy Land”– Pope played an active role engaging Pope played an active role engaging

Christians in battle.Christians in battle.

Crusades: WHY?Crusades: WHY?

Originally just to fight off Seljuk Originally just to fight off Seljuk Turks, but Pope Urban II saw Turks, but Pope Urban II saw opportunity to…opportunity to…

Regain Holy Land from Regain Holy Land from MuslimsMuslims

Crusades: WHEN?Crusades: WHEN? When Byzantine Emperor Alexus I When Byzantine Emperor Alexus I

asked Europeans for help against Seljuk asked Europeans for help against Seljuk Turks.Turks.

11stst crusade. 1096-1099 crusade. 1096-1099 2 2ndnd. 1147-1149 . 1147-1149 3 3rdrd. 1189-1192 . 1189-1192 4 4thth. 1202-1204. 1202-1204

And several other campaigns, off and And several other campaigns, off and on, through 1272. on, through 1272.

Crusades: WHERE?Crusades: WHERE? From Europe to Holy Land.From Europe to Holy Land.

Crusades: HOW?Crusades: HOW?

Was a “HOLY” war. Was a “HOLY” war. Pope said those who volunteered will Pope said those who volunteered will

be forgiven of their sins. Gave people be forgiven of their sins. Gave people a reason to fight…“it’s okay, it’s a a reason to fight…“it’s okay, it’s a holy war.” holy war.”

People were motivated by religion on People were motivated by religion on both sides—Christians and Muslims.both sides—Christians and Muslims.

Tuesday, September 25Tuesday, September 25 BWBW—Go over Mongols Reading—Go over Mongols Reading CWCW—Pass back papers & progress —Pass back papers & progress

reports.reports.– Impact of Arab Empire, Byzantine Impact of Arab Empire, Byzantine

Empire, Crusades, and Mongols. Empire, Crusades, and Mongols. – Discuss how to write a 5 sentence Discuss how to write a 5 sentence

history paragraph. history paragraph. – Start working on Test Review.Start working on Test Review.

HWHW—Unit 3 Test this Friday!—Unit 3 Test this Friday!

Writing a five sentence Writing a five sentence history essay with thesis, 3 history essay with thesis, 3

supporting facts, and supporting facts, and conclusion.conclusion.

Impact of Impact of Arab Empire. Arab Empire.

Byzantine Empire.Byzantine Empire.Crusades.Crusades.Mongols.Mongols.

The question you will The question you will answer.answer.

What impact did the What impact did the (one of the (one of the following) following) have in history?have in history?– Arab EmpireArab Empire– Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire– CrusadesCrusades– MongolsMongols

For example. What impact did the For example. What impact did the Arab EmpireArab Empire have in history? have in history?

Start with 3 reasons.Start with 3 reasons.

You need three reasons to answer You need three reasons to answer your question. your question.

For instance: What impact did the For instance: What impact did the Roman Empire have in history?Roman Empire have in history?1.1. Republic GovernmentRepublic Government

2.2. Spread ChristianitySpread Christianity

3.3. Roman LawRoman Law

Form a thesis statementForm a thesis statement Take your three reasons and answer Take your three reasons and answer

the question in a thesis statement. the question in a thesis statement.

For instance… For instance… The Roman Empire impacted history The Roman Empire impacted history

by creating the Republic by creating the Republic Government, spreading Christianity, Government, spreading Christianity, and providing the Roman Law.and providing the Roman Law.

Organization of the EssayOrganization of the Essay

Five complete sentencesFive complete sentences

11stst sentence—thesis statement sentence—thesis statement

22ndnd sentence—explaining your first reason sentence—explaining your first reason

33rdrd sentence—explaining your second sentence—explaining your second reasonreason

44thth sentence—explaining your third reason sentence—explaining your third reason

55thth sentence—restating the three reasons sentence—restating the three reasons in a conclusion sentencein a conclusion sentence

22ndnd sentence sentence

The Roman Republic provided the The Roman Republic provided the idea that people elect officials to idea that people elect officials to represent them in the government.represent them in the government.

33rdrd sentence sentence

The Roman Empire allowed for the The Roman Empire allowed for the spread of Christianity by ways of spread of Christianity by ways of Paul, who wrote about Jesus to Paul, who wrote about Jesus to various areas in the empire.various areas in the empire.

44thth sentence sentence

People being innocent until proven People being innocent until proven guilty was a concept created through guilty was a concept created through Roman Law and is still present in the Roman Law and is still present in the United States.United States.

Take a look at sentence 1-4… Take a look at sentence 1-4… Thesis statement and three Thesis statement and three

sentences to explain the sentences to explain the reasons.reasons. The Roman Empire impacted history by creating The Roman Empire impacted history by creating

the Republic Government, spreading Christianity, the Republic Government, spreading Christianity, and providing the Roman Law. The Roman Republic and providing the Roman Law. The Roman Republic provided the idea that people elect officials to provided the idea that people elect officials to represent them in the government. The Roman represent them in the government. The Roman Empire allowed for the spread of Christianity by Empire allowed for the spread of Christianity by ways of Paul, who wrote about Jesus to various ways of Paul, who wrote about Jesus to various areas in the empire. People being innocent until areas in the empire. People being innocent until proven guilty was a concept created through proven guilty was a concept created through Roman Law and is still present in the United States.Roman Law and is still present in the United States.

55thth sentence. The conclusion sentence. The conclusion

Should restate the thesis. Start by Should restate the thesis. Start by stating the three reasons and then stating the three reasons and then refer back to the question.refer back to the question.

In conclusion, the Roman Republic, In conclusion, the Roman Republic, spread of Christianity, and Roman spread of Christianity, and Roman Law are all ways the Roman Empire Law are all ways the Roman Empire impacted history. impacted history.

Your five sentence essay…Your five sentence essay… 11The Roman Empire impacted history by creating The Roman Empire impacted history by creating

the Republic Government, spreading Christianity, the Republic Government, spreading Christianity,

and providing the Roman Law. and providing the Roman Law. 22The Roman Republic The Roman Republic provided the idea that people elect officials to provided the idea that people elect officials to

represent them in the government. represent them in the government. 33The Roman The Roman Empire allowed for the spread of Christianity by ways Empire allowed for the spread of Christianity by ways of Paul, who wrote about Jesus to various areas in the of Paul, who wrote about Jesus to various areas in the

empire. empire. 44People being innocent until proven guilty People being innocent until proven guilty was a concept created through Roman Law and is was a concept created through Roman Law and is

still present in the United States. still present in the United States. 55In conclusion, the In conclusion, the Roman Republic, spread of Christianity, and Roman Roman Republic, spread of Christianity, and Roman Law are all ways the Roman Empire impacted Law are all ways the Roman Empire impacted history. history.

IDEAS AND CONTENT

10-9 pointsEssay fully answers the question and is supported with necessary details

8-7 pointsEssay is accurate and contains some of the information and details

6 pointsAn attempt to respond has been made but important details are missing

5-0 pointsInaccurate information was given or no attempt to answer the question was made

ORGANIZATION

5 pointsEssay includes introduction, body and conclusion and is organized in a logical way with a thesis statement

4 pointsEssay has an introduction, body and conclusion but it fails to follow a logical sequence and/or is lacking a clear thesis statement

3-0 pointsEssay does not contain an easily identifiable introduction, body and conclusion

Consequences of the Consequences of the CrusadesCrusades

Decline of papal (pope) prestigeDecline of papal (pope) prestige Decline in the power of nobles Decline in the power of nobles

(vassals)(vassals) Decrease in Byzantine powerDecrease in Byzantine power Increase in religious intolerance Increase in religious intolerance

(between Muslims and Christians)(between Muslims and Christians) Expansion of trade by Italian citiesExpansion of trade by Italian cities

55thth-15-15thth century century A.D.A.D.

a.k.a. Medieval Timesa.k.a. Medieval Times

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

FeudalismFeudalism

Became the basis for Became the basis for government.government.

FeudalismFeudalism

Political, social, and military systemPolitical, social, and military system Wealth based on owning/controlling Wealth based on owning/controlling

landland Heart of the system is agreement Heart of the system is agreement

between lord and vassal—between lord and vassal—loyaltyloyalty to to one’s lord.one’s lord.

Emphasis is on local protection, Emphasis is on local protection, government and self sufficiency. government and self sufficiency.

Social Hierarchy of Social Hierarchy of FeudalismFeudalism

Loyalty to lord is feudalism’s chief virtue. Loyalty to lord is feudalism’s chief virtue.

KingKingLord/Royal VassalLord/Royal Vassal

Knight/VassalKnight/VassalSerf/PeasantSerf/Peasant

Read page 292. Use page 296 to describe the Read page 292. Use page 296 to describe the relationships of the Feudal System. relationships of the Feudal System.

Vocabulary of Feudal Vocabulary of Feudal SystemSystem

King:King: owns and controls all of the land.owns and controls all of the land. Lord/Royal Vassal:Lord/Royal Vassal: received land (fief) received land (fief)

from the King, served king militarily, ruled from the King, served king militarily, ruled over their land.over their land.

Knight/Vassal: Knight/Vassal: received land (fief) from received land (fief) from the lord, served lord militarily, provided for the lord, served lord militarily, provided for and controlled the serfs.and controlled the serfs.

Serf/Peasant: Serf/Peasant: not free, but could not be not free, but could not be bought, sold, or traded. Could not leave the bought, sold, or traded. Could not leave the land they were born to work on. land they were born to work on.

Manorial SystemManorial System

Economic side of feudalismEconomic side of feudalism Three groups of people during Middle Ages:Three groups of people during Middle Ages:

– Those who fought (the vassals/nobles)Those who fought (the vassals/nobles)– Those who prayed (men/women of the Church)Those who prayed (men/women of the Church)– Those who worked (the serfs/peasants)Those who worked (the serfs/peasants)

Vassals (nobles) and church leaders part of Vassals (nobles) and church leaders part of the feudal system—the political systemthe feudal system—the political system

Serfs/peasants were the heart of the Serfs/peasants were the heart of the economic system—worked the manor..the economic system—worked the manor..the land.land.

Complications of FeudalismComplications of Feudalism

The The feudal contractfeudal contract—set of unwritten —set of unwritten rules to determine relationship between rules to determine relationship between lord and vassal. lord and vassal. – Vassal gave military service for ~40 days a Vassal gave military service for ~40 days a

year.year.– Vassal advised lords and had financial Vassal advised lords and had financial

obligations.obligations. Lord and Vassal traded land for Lord and Vassal traded land for

protection.protection.

Culture of the Culture of the Middle Ages Middle Ages (1000-1200) (1000-1200) & & High Middle Ages High Middle Ages (1200-(1200-

1400)1400)

Trade and CitiesTrade and Cities

Revival in trade. Revival in trade. – Trade Fairs became center of economics.Trade Fairs became center of economics.– Market economy.Market economy.

Growth of cities.Growth of cities.– Cities and towns were dirty, smelly, Cities and towns were dirty, smelly,

crowded, polluted, and unsanitary. Fires crowded, polluted, and unsanitary. Fires were of great concern.were of great concern.

– Merchants and artisans settle where Merchants and artisans settle where they can sell..others follow (they can sell..others follow (guildsguilds). ).

GuildsGuilds—business associations —business associations organized by craftspeople.organized by craftspeople.– Set quality standards, methods of Set quality standards, methods of

production, and fixed prices for finished production, and fixed prices for finished products.products.

– Apprentice…Apprentice…journeymen..masterpiece..MASTER. journeymen..masterpiece..MASTER.

UniversitiesUniversities

10-1210-12thth centuries—3 universities centuries—3 universities (Bologna, Paris, (Bologna, Paris, and Oxford).and Oxford).

By 1500-- 80 universities throughout By 1500-- 80 universities throughout Europe.Europe.

For Bachelor of Arts--For Bachelor of Arts--Studied..grammar, rhetoric, logic, Studied..grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.

For Master of Arts-- law, medicine, theologyFor Master of Arts-- law, medicine, theology

TheologyTheology: study of religion and God: study of religion and God

ScholasticismScholasticism—theological —theological thought influenced by faith and thought influenced by faith and

reason. reason. Works of Works of AristotleAristotle made way to made way to

western Europewestern Europe– rational thought—not faith—to rational thought—not faith—to

explain life and life’s happenings.explain life and life’s happenings.

Saint Thomas Aquinas: logical method of intellectual investigation. Goal was to find truth from reason AND faith.

Vernacular languageVernacular language

LatinLatin: universal : universal language of medieval language of medieval civilization civilization

VernacularVernacular: language : language of everyday speech of everyday speech (comparable to today’s (comparable to today’s slang)slang)

ArchitectureArchitecture BasilicasBasilicas: rectangular, flat wooden roofs: rectangular, flat wooden roofs

RomanesqueRomanesque: long, round arched vault : long, round arched vault (barrel) or cross vaults. (barrel) or cross vaults.

GothicGothic: Two things… : Two things… – replaced barrel vault with ribbed vault & replaced barrel vault with ribbed vault &

pointed arches. pointed arches. – added flying buttress which allowed for added flying buttress which allowed for

stained glass windows. stained glass windows.

Basilica Basilica

RomanesqRomanesqueue

GothicGothic