BYZANTINE EMPIRE Standard: SSWH4a. Analyze the importance of Justinian, include the influence of the Empress Theodora, Justinian’s Code, and Justinian’s efforts to recapture the west. b. Describe the relationship between the Roman and Byzantine Empires; include the impact Byzantium had on Moscow and the Russian Empire, the effect of Byzantine culture on Tsar Ivan III and Kiev, and the rise of Constantinople as a center for law, religion, and the arts. c. Explain the Great Schism of 1054 CE What am I learning today? What was geographic and cultural significance of Constantinople to the Byzantine Empire? How did Justinian continue to carry on the legacy of the Roman Empire? How did the Great Schism impact Christianity? In what ways did the Byzantine Empire influence Russia? What will I do to show I have learned it? I will… examine and analyze cartoons, maps, art, complete document based questions, and complete the guided notes. Tomorrow I will complete a warm-up of multiple choice questions to formatively assess what I have learned. origin: _________________________________________________________ capital: _________________________________________________________ why? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ area controlled:
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BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Standard: SSWH4a. Analyze the importance of Justinian, include the influence of the Empress Theodora, Justinian’s Code, and Justinian’s efforts to recapture the west.
b. Describe the relationship between the Roman and Byzantine Empires; include the impact Byzantium had on Moscow and the Russian Empire, the effect of Byzantine culture on Tsar Ivan III and Kiev, and the rise of Constantinople as a center for law, religion, and the arts. c. Explain the Great Schism of 1054 CE
What am I learning today? What was geographic and cultural significance of Constantinople to the Byzantine Empire? How did Justinian continue to carry on the legacy of the Roman Empire?
How did the Great Schism impact Christianity? In what ways did the Byzantine Empire influence Russia?
What will I do to show I have learned it? I will… examine and analyze cartoons, maps, art, complete document based questions, and complete the guided notes. Tomorrow I will complete a warm-up of multiple choice questions to formatively assess what I have learned.
Read each paragraph below. Then underline the sentence that best states the main idea of each paragraph.1. From 527 to 565 A.D., Justinian was the ruler of the eastern empire. Justinian’s great dream was to
restore the old Roman Empire to its former greatness. To accomplish this aim, he did several things. He conquered North Africa in 533. He also took back the Italian peninsula from the Ostrogoths and the southeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula from Visigoths. He then reestablished the old Roman laws and taxes in these lands. He also tried to make his capital city, Constantinople, a showcase of beauty and greatness. He ordered the restoration and construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts and theaters. Justinian’s greatest accomplishment was the Justinian Code of laws. He set up a special group of layers to summarize and organize the many parts of Roman law. The resulting code gave many later European countries their basic system of laws.
2. Eventually, the Eastern (Orthodox) Church and the Roman Catholic Church became permanently divided. A major point of disagreement was Rome’s claim to supreme authority. The Byzantines rejected this claim. The division grew deeper during the rule of Byzantine Emperor Leo III. He believed that icons (small religious paintings or statues) must be removed from churches. The pope believed that they should remain. The controversy lasted for more than 100 years. In 1054, Pope Leo I and the patriarch (head of the church in Constantinople) excommunicated each other. Many people view this as the final break between the Roman and Byzantine churches.
3. Byzantine people became known for their achievements in architecture and decorative arts. One of the most famous examples of architecture is the Church of Hagias OPHIA in Constantinople. It was built by order of Emperor Justinian. This huge church is topped by one of the greatest domes ever built. Justinian himself said, “Glory be to God, who hath deemed me worthy to complete so great a work.” Byzantine artists were also noted for their fine ivory carvings, cloisonné pieces, and gold articles. And they made beautiful mosaics. These are colored bits of glass or stone made into pictures or fancy patterns. Mosaics were used to decorate the inside walls of palaces, churches, and other buildings.
4. The Byzantine Empire was weakened by the attack on Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. Then the empire suffered through civil wars among the leaders who wished to become emperors. Religious differences also caused problems. The Ottoman Turks took advantage of the situation and attacked. By 1445, only the city of Constantinople remained outside Turkish control. The Turks laid siege to Constantinople in 1453, and after several months, the city fell. One of those killed in the final battle was Constantine XI, the last of the Byzantine emperors. Thus Constantinople met the same fate as Rome as it declined and finally fell to foreign invaders.
JUSTINIAN 527-565 AD
role in Byzantine Empire: _______________________________
type of government: ____________________________________
the early Russian state of Kiev.During the 6th and 7th centuries, Scandanavian (a.k.a Vikings) traders transported goods to and from Constantinople. They traveled through an area of present day Russia so frequently that communities and a primitive government began to form. It was along these trade routes that city-states arose. Eventually, Kiev became the most important city-state and the Kievan prince became the most powerful in the region.
The Kievan region often operated as a loose confederation of states. These Scandanavians even coined the word Russia. They may have even gotten it from the Greek (the Byzantine language) word for red, which was the hair color of many of the Viking traders.
Around 855 a Scandanavian man named Rurik became the first Russian king and Kiev became the center of early Russia. As city of Kiev grew the Viking nobles intermarried with their Slavic subjects and adopted many aspects of Slavic culture. Gradually the line between Slavic and Vikings vanished. A descendant of Rurik, Vladimir I, who ruled from 980 to 1015, converted early Russia to Christianity after sending out teams to observe the major religions of the times. Three of the teams returned with lukewarm accounts of Islam, Judaism, and Western Christianity. But the team from Byzantium (old name for Constantinople) told quite a different story:
The Greeks led us to the [buildings] where they worship their God, and we knew not whether we were in heaven or on earth. For on earth there is no such splendor or such beauty, and we are at a loss how to describe it. We only know that God dwells there among mean, and …we cannot forget the beauty.
Although Kiev’s proximity and contact with Byzantium is largely responsible for the conversion to Christianity, one account states that Vladimir chose Christianity over Islam because he could not accept a religion that rejected alcohol.(Islam) Kievan Russia was deeply influenced by Byzantine culture. The Russians took their style of architecture and much of their alphabet from the Byzantines. They also patterned their systems of law, money, and art and literature after Byzantine models. Prince Vladimir married the sister of a Byzantine emperor. This brought peace and promoted trade between the Russians and the Byzantines. Probably the most important influence was religious. After Vladimir converted to the Eastern Orthodox faith, Byzantine priests moved into Russia. The Byzantines then had a strong over religious beliefs and practices in Russia.
What are four ways the Byzantine Empire influenced the development of early Russia?
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Byzantine Empire
Early Russian called the
“Kievan Rus”
“Scandanavia”Home of the Vikings
Kiev
RUSSIA: IMPACT OF BYZANTINE EMPIREDirections: Read the documents below to understand the impact the Byzantine had on the Ivan III of Russia.
A Russian prince named Ivan III took the throne in Moscow in 1462 after his father, Basil II, died. Ivan III ruled from 1462-1505 and became known as “Ivan the Great.” Ivan became the grand duke of Russia without being confirmed by the Mongol Khan. At the time of Ivan’s rule, Russians were concerned about building up their nation and freeing themselves from the Mongols. These Mongols were also sometimes called Tartars.
Ivan III continued the work of his predecessors. The Grand Dukes of Moscow had been trying to overthrow the Mongols for years. Even though they occasionally won battles against the Mongols, the Mongols always regained control. Ivan the Great succeeded in freeing Russia from the control of the Mongols by refusing to pay the tribute demanded by the Mongols in 1480. Many expected his refusal to lead to battle, but that battle never occurred.
Russian forces faced off against the Mongols, but no battle was fought. Instead, both sides retreated. This retreat was as good as a victory for Ivan the Great because he had to pay the tribute. In fact, tribute was never again demanded by the Mongols.
Moscow had always been an important city in Asia. In 1453, Constantinople fell to the Turks and many leaders of the Orthodox Church fled to Moscow. By doing so, they brought art, culture, and religion to Moscow. Under Ivan the Great, Moscow flourished even more and became the center of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the home of the grand royal court. With the Byzantine Empire gone, there was no heir of the Roman Empire, so Ivan III took the name czar, the Russian version of Caesar, and publicly claimed his intent to make Russia the “Third Rome.”
Ivan was first married when he was only twelve. His first wife died, and Ivan later married a Byzantine princess, named Sophia. This married was supported by the Vatican, and the Vatican hoped it would bring Russia under the sway of the pope. This failed to happen, but Ivan seemed to think the marriage was still a good fit.What are 2 connections between the Byzantine Empire and the new Russian state of Moscow?
