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Byzantine Empire
Christian church became known as
Eastern Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Church Orthodox Church
The Great SchismThe Great Schism separation between the Roman Catholic Church
the Eastern Orthodox Church
• Eastern Orthodox Church did not accept the
Pope’s claim as head of Church
The Great SchismThe Great Schism separation between the Roman Catholic Church
the Eastern Orthodox Church
• Eastern Orthodox Church did not accept the
Pope’s claim as head of Church
• 1054 Pope & Patriarch excommunicated each other
CrusadesCrusades
Alexius IAlexius I (Constantinople) asks
Pope Urban IIPope Urban II (Rome) for help
• Protect ConstantinopleProtect Constantinople• Liberate Jerusalem and Palestine Liberate Jerusalem and Palestine
regionregion
Pope Urban IIPope Urban II Called For the First CrusadeCalled For the First Crusade
“From Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople comes a grievous report,
… An accursed race…has violently invaded the lands of those Christians…
“Both knights and footmen, both rich and poor…strive to help expel…from our Christian lands before it is too late…
Christ commands it. Remission of sins will be granted for those going thither.”
Hopes of ManHopes of ManEuropeans Pope UrbanEuropeans Pope Urban
• Men and women left for Holy Land - Few returned
• Religious Zeal
• Wealth and Land
• Adventure
Hopes of ManHopes of ManEuropeans Pope UrbanEuropeans Pope Urban
• Men and women left for Holy Land - Few returned
• Religious Zeal
• Wealth and Land
• Adventure
• Heal the SchismSchism
• Increase his power in Europe
• Slow the European Wars between lords
• Massacred Jewish communities in Europe on way to Jerusalem
• French knightscaptured Antioch in 1098
Jerusalem in 1099
First First CrusadesCrusades
• Massacred Jewish communities in Europe on way to Jerusalem
• French knightscaptured Antioch in 1098
Jerusalem in 1099
• Massacred Muslim, Jewish, and some Christians
First First CrusadesCrusades
SaladinSaladinrecaptures Jerusalem
11871187
“To us Jerusalem is a precious…as it is to you, because it is the place from where our Prophet made his journey by night to heaven…Do not dream that we will give it up
to you”
- Saladin
33rdrd Crusade Crusade11891189
Richard I of EnglandRichard I of England(Richard the Lionheart)
Negotiated a settlement withNegotiated a settlement with
SaladinSaladin
to allow Christian pilgrims freeaccess to Jerusalem
Port ofPort of
AcreAcrelast Christian outpost conquered last Christian outpost conquered
(north of Jerusalem)(north of Jerusalem)12911291
Just as Bloody as the sacking Just as Bloody as the sacking of Jerusalem – of Jerusalem –
This time - the Christians diedThis time - the Christians died
Increased wealth of
Genoa and Venice, Italy
Began Jewish persecutio
n and genocidegenocide
Fall of Fall of Feudalism…Feudalism…
Increase power Increase power of Kingsof Kings
““Centralized Government”Centralized Government”
Began Jewish persecutio
n and genocidegenocide
Increased wealth of
Genoa and Venice,
ItalyFall of Fall of
Feudalism…Feudalism…Increase power Increase power
of Kingsof KingsTechnology:Technology:
ShipsShipsMapsMaps
WeaponsWeapons
Began Jewish persecutio
n and genocidegenocide
Increased wealth of
Genoa and Venice, Italy
Fall of Fall of Feudalism…Feudalism…
Increase power Increase power of Kingsof Kings
Technology:Technology:ShipsShipsMapsMaps
WeaponsWeapons
DevelopmenDevelopmentt
Of Of UniversitiesUniversities
Universities DevelopUniversities Developin Europein Europe
• Oxford Oxford (unknown, 1096)(unknown, 1096)
• Cambridge Cambridge (1209)(1209)
• New interest in learning from New interest in learning from CrusadesCrusades• Need for priestsNeed for priests
Sultan Mahmet II:Conqueror of
Constantinople
Ottoman Turks
Ottoman Turks eventually conquer a weakened Byzantine Empire1451