SCALABLE VIDEO CODING IN

CONTENT-AWARE NETWORKS

Michael Grafl Institute of Information Technology

Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt, Austria

Michael Grafl 1 Scalable Video Coding in Content-Aware Networks

COMET-ENVISION workshop on Future Media Distribution Networks

Nov. 10-11 2011, Slough, UK

OUTLINE Introduction

ALICANTE Project Overview

Conceptual Architecture

Comparison to ICN

Use Cases for SVC in CAN (Analysis wrt. ICN research challenges) Unicast

Multicast

P2P Streaming

Web/HTTP Streaming

Step-by-Step Walkthrough

Conclusions

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INTRODUCTION Information-Centric Networking (ICN) Revolutionary approach

Content-Aware Networking (CAN) Evolutionary approach

ALICANTE project

Scalable Video Coding (SVC) Extension of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

Spatial, temporal and quality (SNR) scalability

Base layer + multiple enhancement layers

Coding overhead: ~ 10% wrt. H.264

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ALICANTE Project Info: EU FP7-ICT project

Duration: March 2010 – Aug 2013

20 partners

"Media Ecosystem Deployment through Ubiquitous Content-Aware Network Environments"

Goal: New Home-Box layer and CAN layer with distributed cross-layer adaptation and universal multimedia access enabling cooperation between providers, operators, and end-users

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http://ict-alicante.eu

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CAN CAN

CAN CAN

CAN CAN

MANE MANE

MANE MANE

Physical Layer: autonomous systems

CAN Layer: in-network components as overlay

Home-Box Layer HB Layer: networked components as overlay HB

HB HB HB

HB

User Environment Context-

aware

Content-aware

Network-aware

AS AS AS

Service Environment: content and services

User Environment: devices and end user

Service Environment

Network Environment

ALICANTE CONCEPTUAL ARCHITECTURE

ALICANTE VS. FULL ICN APPROACH

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Degree of awareness on upper

layer information at network level

Approaches:

Best effort

QoS-based virtual splitting

Content-aware networks

Content-type awareness

Service-aware networking

Full ICN

Content/object awareness

Name/location resolution,

routing of requests,

caching at network nodes

ALICANTE

approach

Evolutionary approach for FI

(Mid-way to full ICN)

Caching and storage

In Home-Boxes (network edge)

and Content Servers

Scalable and Cost-Efficient

Content Distribution

Name/location resolution –

at Service level (not in routers)

Content-awareness

aggregated CA and associated

processing at network level

Deployment

Seamless/incremental deployment

USE CASES FOR SVC IN CAN Role of scalable media formats for enabling

content-aware networking

Unicast, Multicast, Peer-to-Peer Streaming,

Web/HTTP Streaming

Analysis wrt. ICN research challenges:

Routing & Forwarding

Caching & Buffering

Quality of Service/Experience (QoS/QoE)

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SYSTEM OVERVIEW FOR USE CASES

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ICNN2

Buffer Buffer

ICNN1

SVC-Base Layer Enhancement Layer 1 Enhancement Layer 2

U1

U2

U3 Full-HD TV

R1

R3

R2

S1

S2

HD-Ready TV

Mobile

USE CASES: UNICAST Example: Video on Demand (VoD)

RTP (with SST of SVC) and RTSP

Routing & Forwarding: ICN node can react to network fluctuations

• In-network adaptation of SVC at ICN node (for short-term fluctuations)

• Signal to sender for dropping SVC layers (for long-term fluctuations)

Caching & Buffering: ICN node can perform prefix caching

• Reduce start-up delay

• Selective caching of SVC layers

QoS/QoE: (applies to all use cases) Consider terminal capabilities when requesting SVC layers

Monitor network conditions at ICN nodes (cf. ALICANTE)

Smooth, undistorted playout

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USE CASES: MULTICAST Receiver-Driven Layered Multicast (RDLM) of SVC

RTP in MST mode (each SVC layer in own session)

Routing & Forwarding:

ICN nodes adapt to network conditions through subscription

to SVC layers

ICN nodes as bridges between native and overlay multicast

(ALICANTE: virtual content-aware network of ICN nodes)

Selective treatment of SVC layers (MPLS, DiffServ)

Caching & Buffering:

Prefix caching to reduce start-up delay in non-live scenarios

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USE CASES: P2P STREAMING Receivers request pieces from multiple senders

P2P network as overlay

Receiver only requests SVC layers supported by end-user terminal

Routing & Forwarding: ICN nodes can act as peers, forming an in-network

overlay

Caching & Buffering: Aggregate requests and perform information-centric

buffering (during sliding window) at ICN nodes

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USE CASES: WEB/HTTP STREAMING Download via HTTP (partial) GET requests

Content fragmented into segments (e.g., per SVC layer and GOP)

Manifest file describes structure of segments and available representations

Standard: Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH)

Overcome NAT traversal & firewall issues

Stateless sender

Unicast, multicast, and multisource (P2P-like) scenarios

Routing & Forwarding: ICN node signals network condition to receiver (implicit adaptation)

Caching & Buffering: SVC-based prefix caching using HTTP-based CDN infrastructure

Buffering during sliding window creates multicast tree

Information-centric buffering in multisource scenario

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STEP-BY-STEP WALKTHROUGH

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HB

HB

HB

CAN MANE MANE

SVC encoding

1st SVC Adaptation at MANE

2nd SVC Adaptation at MANE

SVC to AVC transcoding

SVC to AVC transcoding

Source

AVC decoding AVC

decoding

1

2 3 4

5 7

6

8

9

Source Stream

Base Layer (AVC)

Enhancement Layer 1

Enhancement Layer 2

HB

CONCLUSIONS Towards ICN: Scalable media coding formats (e.g.,

SVC) in combination with in-network adaptation Routing & Forwarding

Caching & Buffering

QoS/QoE

Enabling content-awareness within the (core) network

Context-awareness at receiver & sender (& ICN node)

ALICANTE Towards deployment of a networked "Media Ecosystem"

Collaboration of CAN layer and Home-Box layer

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LITERATURE [1] J. Pan, S. Paul, R. Jain, “A survey of the research on future internet

architectures”, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.49, no.7, pp.26-36, July 2011.

[2] V. Jacobson, D. Smetters, J. Thornton, M. Plass, N. Briggs, R. Braynard, “Networking named content”, Proc. of ACM CoNEXT 2009, Rome, Italy, December 2009.

[3] H. Koumaras et al., “Media Ecosystems: A Novel Approach for Content-Awareness in Future Networks,” Future Internet: Achievements and Promising Technology, Springer Verlag, pp. 369-380, May 2011.

[4] ALICANTE Web site, http://ict-alicante.eu/.

[5] M. Wien et al., “Performance Analysis of SVC,” Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1194-1203, 2007.

[6] T. Stockhammer, “Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP – standards and design principles,” in Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Multimedia Systems, New York, NY, USA, pp. 133–144, February 2011.

[7] M. Grafl, et al., “Scalable Video Coding in Content-Aware Networks: Research Challenges and Open Issues,” in: N. Blefari-Melazzi, G. Bianchi, and L. Salgarelli (eds.), Trustworthy Internet, Springer, pp. 349-358, June 2011.

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THANK YOU

FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Questions?

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