Electron Withdrawing Group

C F

C Cl

Electron Donating GroupAlso called ‘Electron Releasing Group’

C C(CH3)3

-I Effect!

+I Effect!

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-G

Electron-Withdrawing Inductive Effect-I Groups

Electron-Donating Inductive Effect+I Groups

1. Permanent Effect

2. Propagates through σ bonds

3. Distance Dependant

Reactive Intermediates

Carbocation Carbanion Carbon Free-Radical

Heterolysis Homolysis

C C C C

Stabilized By

Reactive Intermediates - Examples

Inductive Effect - Acidity and Basicity

The GURUmantra

Release - Decrease

Withdraw - Badhao

Release - Increase

Withdraw - Ghatao

Vedantu Instant Doubt Solving & Learning App

Which side of the equilibrium is more favoured?