CELLS

All living things are made of ______.

A cell is the building block of all life. It is the smallest structure that can be classified as _______.

cells

living

The word cell actually means ____________ in Latin. It was coined by the scientist Robert Hooke in 1665 when he compared the plant cells he was looking at to the small rooms that monks live in.

small room

Robert Hooke’s Microscope

The most important compartment in a eukaryotic cell is the ________. The nucleus has one job, and that is to store the ______.

nucleusDNA

nucleus

Every cell is full of __________ which is a water based solution of all of the molecules needed for the chemistry of life.

cytoplasm

Membranes keep the correct molecules __________ of the cell or organelle, and they keep other molecules __________ of the cell or organelle. However, some small molecules that necessary for life can squeeze through the lipid bilayer uncontrolled. These include the gases __________ and ________________ and one of the most important molecules for the cell: _________.

insideoutside

oxygen carbon dioxidewater

Cell membranes only allow some molecules through, so they are called _______________

membranessemi-permeable

The membrane’s job is to maintain a proper ________ of molecules inside of the cell. Maintaining this balance of molecules is known as ____________.

balance

homeostasis

The process of water moving across a semi-permeable membrane is called _________.

Water moves across a cell membrane in a very predictable pattern. It moves from where it is _________ to where it is ___________. This means it moves from where there are fewer solutes dissolved across to the side of the membrane where there are more solutes. You can think of the water as moving to the side where water molecules need the most help dissolving a large number of _________.

osmosis

purestleast pure

solutes

Water moves into the cell.

Water moves out of the cell.

It may sound like a good thing that water can travel across the semi-permeable cell membrane without any help, but this can also be a big problem.

1.If too much water enters a cell because of osmosis, the cell can _______ to a size that is too large and eventually it will _______. 2.If too much water leaves a cell because of osmosis, the cell can ________ to a size that is too small.

Both of these situations will cause the cell to ______, so the movement of water is an important concern for all living things.

swellburst

shrink

die

The picture shows a cell model and the solutions associated with it. For each of the following models, decide which will occur:

1. Water will leave the cell causing it to shrink

2. Water will enter the cell causing it to swell

3. The water level is balanced and neither will occur

swell shrink neither

shrink shrink swell

When animals eat, they release the energy in their food through the process known as __________________.cellular respiration

The energy removed from food during cellular respiration is placed into the energy rich molecule known as _______. ATP

In eukaryotic cells the job of performing this energy conversion belongs to the _____________. mitochondria

Cells which require a large amount of energy, including heat, will have a large number of mitochondria.

Plant cells have special organelles known as ____________. Chloroplasts are the compartment or ___________ in plant cells that are responsible for the process of ________________.

organelle

photosynthesis

Photo by Thomas Dreps

chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are full of the molecule ____________. This molecule is responsible for ____________ much of the energy that will be used to make the chemical _________.

chlorophyllabsorbing

glucose

GlucoseChlorophyll

Q: Why is the prefix chloro- used to name the chloroplasts and the molecule chlorophyll inside of it?

A: ________________________________________________Because chloroplasts and chlorophyll make the cell green!

Chloro- means green.

Q: Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered opposites? (Be very specific).

1. Cellular respiration digests glucose while photosynthesis synthesizes it. 2. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and photosynthesis produces oxygen.3. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and cellular respiration produces

carbon dioxide.4. Photosynthesis uses water and cellular respiration produces water.5. Photosynthesis absorbs energy and cellular respiration releases

energy.They are complete opposites!

Some cells have ______ or ________ for movement. The ability to move around is know as mobility or motility.

cilia flagella

cilia

flagella

Eukaryotic cells replicate themselves through the process known as ________. The original cell is known as the ________ cell, and the new cells are known as __________ cells.

ParentCell

DNAReplication

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

DaughterCell

DaughterCell

mitosisparent

daughter

Q: How do the daughter cells in the diagram above compare to the original parent cell?

A: ___________________________________________

ParentCell

DNAReplication

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

DaughterCell

DaughterCell

The daughter cells are identical to the parent cell.

Because of mitosis, every somatic cell in a multicellular organism has an identical, complete set of DNA!

Prokaryotes (bacteria) perform a process similar to mitosis

known as _____________.binary fission