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and MagnetismElectricity

S.K. Chatterjee

Fundamentals of

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Fundamentals ofElectricity an

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ISBN:978-81-203-4964-3

S.K. Chatterjeeand MagnetismElectricity

Fundamentals of

Primarily intended as a textbook for undergraduate students of Physics, this book provides a comprehensive coverage of electricity and magnetism.

Organised in 12 chapters, the text is developed based on the vast experience of the author.The book begins with mathematical preliminaries that deal with vector algebra. The text encompasses a wide range of topics, such as electrostatics, current electricity, magnetism and magnetic effect of current. It gives a thorough treatment of electromagnetic induction, varying current, alternating current and their applications. The book lucidly explains heating effect of current, thermoelectricity, theory of magnetism, semiconductors and superconductivity. The topics such as Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic waves, plasma state of matter, discharge of electricity through gases and magnetohydrodynamics are also elaborately dealt with. The book features a lot of worked-out problems in chapters as well as chapter-end review exercises which will enable students to get a more in-depth understanding of key concepts.

S.K. CHATTERJEE, Ph.D., is former Professor in Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur and UGC Emeritus Fellow. He has over three decades of experience in teaching and guiding research programmes.

A life member of Indian Institute of Metals and Materials Research Society of India, Dr. Chatterjee has published three books, including X-ray Diffraction: Its Theory and Applications (published by PHI Learning). He has published more than 80 research papers in peer-reviewed journals and also presented a number of research papers in international conferences in India and abroad.

THE AUTHOR

Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism

Fundamentals ofElectricity and Magnetism

Sanat Kumar ChatterjeeUGC Emeritus Fellow

Formerly Professor in PhysicsNational Institute of Technology Durgapur

West Bengal

Delhi-1100922014

FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISMSanat Kumar Chatterjee

© 2014 by PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

ISBN-978-81-203-4964-3

The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher.

Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, Rimjhim House, 111, Patparganj Industrial Estate, Delhi-110092 and Printed by Raj Press, New Delhi-110012.

ToMy granddaughter

Bea Chadha (Rusha)With love and best wishes

Preface xiii

0. Mathematical Preliminaries 1–130.1 Vector Algebra 1

0.1.1 Scalars and Vectors: Law of Addition 10.1.2 Vector Multiplication 40.1.3 Differentiation of Vectors 60.1.4 Gradient, Divergence and Curl 70.1.5 Vector Integration 110.1.6 Line Integral 110.1.7 Surface and Volume Integrals 120.1.8 Gauss’s Divergence Theorem 120.1.9 Stokes’ Theorem 13

1. Electrostatics 14 –571.1 Introduction 141.2 Units in Electrostatics and Electromagnetic 151.3 Electric Field and Coulomb’s Inverse Square Law 17

Solved Problems 191.4 Cavendish Method for Verification of Inverse

Square Law 211.5 Gauss’s Law of Electrostatics 23

1.5.1 Electrostatic Potential 271.5.2 Field due to an Electric Dipole 27

vii

Contents

viii Contents

1.6 Uses of Gauss’s Law for the Calculation of Field 29

1.7 Further Applications of Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations 33

1.8 Mechanical Force Per Unit Surface Area of a Charged Conductor 34Solved Problems 36

1.9 Electric Induction and Electrical Image 371.9.1 Electrical Image 39Solved Problem 44

1.10 Polarization of Dielectric 451.11 Dipole Moment of an Atom 471.12 Electrostatic Energy 481.13 Clausius–Mossotti Equation 491.14 Capacitance and Capacitors 51

Solved Problem 55

Summary 56Review Exercises 56

2. Current Electricity 58 – 842.1 Introduction 582.2 Electrical Current and Electric Cells 58

2.2.1 Current Density and Ohm’s Law 59Solved Problems 622.2.2 Potential Source: Electric Cells 622.2.3 Combinations of Cells 65

2.3 Kirchhoff’s Laws and Applications in Electric Circuits 67Solved Problems 69

2.4 Wheatstone Bridge Principle, Measuring Devices and Network Theorems 73

Summary 84Review Exercises 84

3. Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Current 85 –1133.1 Introduction 853.2 Magnetic Induction and Magnetism 86

Solved Problems 913.3 Magnetic Effect of Current 92

3.3.1 Magnetic Effects of an Induced Field Due to Moving Charge 93

3.3.2 Examples of Magnetic Induction Due to Simple Common Circuits 96

3.3.3 Ampere’s Law 100

Contents ix

3.4 Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge 1023.4.1 Motion of a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field 1033.4.2 Hall Effect 105Solved Problems 106

3.5 Some Important Applications and Galvanometers 107Solved Problems 110

Summary 112Review Exercises 112

4. Electromagnetic Induction and Applications 114 –1254.1 Introduction 1144.2 Faraday’s Law 1144.3 Further Explanation of Faraday’s Law, Alternating

Current and emf 116Solved Problems 119

4.4 Root Mean Square Alternating Current or emf 1224.5 Average Current During One Half Cycle of AC 122

Solved Problems 123

Summary 124Review Exercises 125

5. Varying Current and Applications 126 –1535.1 Introduction 1265.2 Self-Induction 126

5.2.1 Some Self-inductances and Their Applications 1285.3 Growth and Decay of Current in an Inductive

Circuit (LR Circuit)—Time Constant 130Solved Problems 132

5.4 Charging and Discharging of Capacitor through a Resistance (CR Circuit) 135

5.5 Discharge of Capacitor through a High Resistance for the Measurement of High Resistance and also the Measurement of Capacitors 137Solved Problem 141

5.6 Inductance, Resistance and Capacitor in a Circuit under Direct Current Potential (LCR) 141

5.7 Mutual Inductance 1465.7.1 Current in Secondary of Mutual Inductance

When DC Applied to Primary 148Solved Problems 151

Summary 153Review Exercises 153

Fundamentals Of Electricity AndMagnetism

Publisher : PHI Learning ISBN : 9788120349643 Author : CHATTERJEE, S. K.

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