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CHEMICALS OF LIFEp. 74- 78
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
Elements Any substance that cannot be broken down
into simpler substances (ex. Carbon, Oxygen)
Compounds Two or more elements chemically combine Ex. CO2
WATER!!!
Two hydrogen and one oxygen atom H2O
Water makes up 2/3 of your body Dissolves chemicals that cells need Most chemical reactions could not take
place without water Helps cells keep their shape and size Helps regulate cell temperature
ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC
Carbon is the key.
When a compound contains CARBON, it is ORGANIC.
If a compound does not contain CARBON, it is INORGANIC
CARBOHYDRATES Energy rich compound made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen (provides quick energy) Ex. Sugars and starches are carbohydrates Pasta, rice, bread, fruit
Uses: Cellulose is found in cell walls of plants Cell membranes
Organic or Inorganic?
LIPIDS Energy rich compounds made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen Have more energy than carbohydrates
Cells store energy for use later Ex. Hibernating bear
Also, makes up part of cell membrane, protects/cushions/insulates
Examples: Fats, oils, waxes Organic or Inorganic?
PROTEINS Large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen Foods that are high in protein:
Meat, eggs, fish, nuts, and beans Structure:
Amino acids! Proteins are made of amino acids 20 common amino acids can combine/link
together to make thousands of different proteins Letters of the alphabet
Function: Proteins form parts of cell membranes and many
organelles inside (parts inside the cell), provide energy and build tissue
Enzymes (types of proteins) : help to speed up chemical reactions Without enzymes many chemical reactions would take
too long
Organic or Inorganic?
NUCLEIC ACIDS Made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus Two types:
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acids Carries the genetic information that is passed
from parent to offspring Found only in the nucleus
RNA: ribonucleic acids Plays an important role in production of proteins Found in the cytoplasm and the nucleus
Organic or Inorganic?