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© 2009 Elektor International Media C# Programming for Engineers, J Allwork

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C# and .NET programming – introduction 1

Introduction

A course in C# and .NET programming

Associated book:

C# and .NET Programming for Engineers, John

Allwork,

Publisher: Elektor, 2009,

ISBN: 978-0-905705-81-1

http://www.elektor.com/extra/support-page-related-to-the-book-c-2008-and-.net.972369.lynkx








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1. Introduction, Development environment2. User Interface, controls

– Properties and events

3. Dialogs and forms4. C# language – basics5. C# language – arrays and strings 6. C# language -program flow7. Object Oriented programming – Methods8. Object Oriented programming – Classes9. File handling10. Multimedia & Graphs



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11. Debugging

12. Run-time placement

13. Threads

14. Internet communication

15. Databases – Introduction and displaying

16. Databases – Creating

17. Databases – Accessing from code

18. Plotting

19. DLL and API

20. Hardware interfacing - USB interface


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Software – Visual C# 2008

Download from Microsoft

http://www.microsoft.com/express/download/default.aspx

Free but slightly limited version

Also install SQL 2008 – used for databases

Register the product


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Development environment

We will create Windows applications


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Design environment:

Toolbar

messagesProperties/events window

Code editorForm

Solution explorerMenus


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The Form – Most important - place controls – the UI.

Display by clicking Form1.cs [Design] tab

Form

Textbox

Button

Label

Listbox


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The Toolbox –

Grouped by task

Contains controls

Common controls are:

Buttons,

Textboxes,

Labels,

Radio buttons

etc.


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The Properties / Events window

Properties Each control has properties – e.g.

Name

Position (top and left)

Size (height and width)

Text

Description of property


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The Properties / Events window

Events

Events – happen to controls

e.g:

Button click

KeyPress

MouseMove

MouseDown

Others – Form load


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The Code Editor – where you enter your code

Double-click object to enter code

Some added for you – do not delete


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Your First C# Program Run C#, start a new Project, > Windows

Application and call it ‘Hello world’ Save the project. Select File>Save All. Display the form (click form1.cs[Design] tab). Add button (drag and drop) from Toolbox to form


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Change the button’s text display (a property).

Display the properties window,

Scroll to the Text property, type in ‘Hello world’


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Place TextBox and label to form

Change label’s caption property to ‘My First C# Program’.

Form looks like:


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Run program – not much happens. Close it.

Double-click button to add code for button click

Add code: textBox1.Text="Hello world";


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Run program, click button.

‘Hello World’ is displayed –

Your first C# program !

Note use dot notation to access property

C# is case sensitive


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Summary Free software from Microsoft Development environment Form, Code editor, Toolbox,

properties/event window Drag/drop controls (buttons) to form Double-click to add code First program


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C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 18

Topics

• Adding methods to class• Static classes – available to all objects• Overriding default methods• Inheritance• Protected declaration


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MethodsAdd method MoveMove Point one place in X and Y directionCode:public void Move( ) // declare public{ _x++; // move X by one _y++; // move Y by one} // end move

Use:

myPoint.Move( );


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C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 20Method overloading

Add second Move method– pass distance to move

public void Move(int Xdistance, int Ydistance) { _x = _x + Xdistance; _y = _y + Ydistance; }

Use both:myPoint.Move(12,34); // pass X and YmyPoint.Move( ); // one unit in X and Y


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IntelliSense knows about both:


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C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 22Static Classes - don’t have to be instantiated.‘Distance from Origin’ example of this

– available to all objectsCode:class Calculate // pass x,y return distance{ public static double DistanceToOrigin(int x, int y) { return Math.Sqrt(x * x + y * y); }}Use:distance = Calculate.DistanceToOrigin (myPoint.X, myPoint.Y);


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C# and .NET programming – OOP2 - 23More useful ToString method ?- Override default ToString method

Add code:public override string ToString( ){ return "My Point Object is at : " + _x + “," + _y;}

Use:MessageBox.Show(MyPoint.ToString( ));

Displays: ‘My Point Object is at : 123,456’


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Inheritance

Take a class and extend

Seen this when we create our Form:

public partial class Form1 : Form

Let’s create Circle Class from our Point Class

Can add radius and area

Code: public Circle : Point


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Add new class Circle:

(Project > Add class)

Call it Circle, code:

class Circle : Point

{

}

Can now create a circle:

Circle smallcircle = new Circle( );

Because we are using existing code, it’s more reliable


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Extend – define radiusConstructors:class Circle : Point { private double _radius; // internal – private public Circle( ) { } public Circle(int xValue, int yValue, double radius) { _x = xValue;

// _x and _y now declared protected in Point class// still private to outside world

_y = yValue; _radius = radius; }


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// add property - radius – use get and set

public double radius { get { return _radius; } set { if (value >= 0) _radius = value; } }


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Extend further

Add method – Area:

// method Area

public double area( )

{

return Math.PI * _radius * _radius;

}


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Override ToString method:

public override string ToString()

{

return "Circle at x,"+_x+" y,"+_y+ "radius,"+_radius;

}


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Use:

Circle smlCircle = new Circle( );Circle largeCircle = new Circle(12, 34, 56);smlCircle.X = 98;smlCircle.Y = 87;smlCircle.Radius = 10;MessageBox.Show(smlCircle.ToString( ));MessageBox.Show(largeCircle.ToString( ));MessageBox.Show

(smlCircle.area( ).ToString( ));


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Summary:

• Adding methods• Static classes – available to all objects• Overriding default methods• Inheritance – extend class• Protected declaration


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C# and .NET programming – Hardware 32

Topics:

• Serial port• Parallel port• API DLLs• USB

• USB Module


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Serial Port controlNon-visual control.

Properties:• BaudRate: 9600, • DataBits: 8, • Parity: None, • PortName: COM1, • StopBits: One.

Main event: DataReceived

Occurs when data is received from the port


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Needs: using System.IO.Ports;

Set properties

serialPort1.BaudRate = 9600;

serialPort1.DataBits = 8;

serialPort1.Parity =

(Parity)Enum.Parse(typeof(Parity), "None");

serialPort1.StopBits = (StopBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(StopBits), "One");

Open device

serialPort1.Open();


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Send and receive data

serialPort1.WriteLine(textBox1.Text);

listBox1.Items.Add(serialPort1.ReadLine());

Or use DataReceived event


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e.g:

private void serialPort1_DataReceived

(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)

{

listBox1.Items.Add(serialPort1.ReadLine());

}


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Parallel interface.One way of getting digital I/O.

Data register: Bits 0-7 data

Status Register: Bits: 0-2 not used, 3-Error, 4-Select, 5-paper out, 6-acknowledge, 7 busy.

Control Register: Bits: 0 strobe, 1-Auto-feed, 2-initialise, 3-select, 4-IRQ enable, 5-7 not used

Base address (data register) is at 0x378

Status and control at 0x379 and 0x37A.

Eight outputs

Only status register bits are guaranteed inputs


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Accessing the parallel portUse inpout32.dll - Lake View Research (www.lvr.com).

Provides direct read and write of the I/O

[DllImport("inpout32.dll", EntryPoint = "Out32")]

public static extern void Output(int adress, int value);

[DllImport("inpout32.dll", EntryPoint = "Inp32")]

public static extern int Input(int address);

Use:

Output(port, data); // writes data to port

temp = Input(port); // read port, puts data in temp


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USB interfacingMost popular way of interfacing to the PC.

Complete design involves:• Hardware / USB interface• PC drivers• Understanding protocol and hardware

limitations

Difficult


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The USB interface - 1USB 2.0 three modes of operation: • High speed (480 Mbits/s), • Full speed (12 Mbits/s) and • Low speed (1.5 Mbits/s).

Device indicates its speed by pulling

D+ or D- data line high.

Power can be taken from USB bus

– but strict limitations


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The USB interface – 2 The host controls the bus

- initiates & controls all messages

Up to 127 devices on the bus

- a device may not run at its full speed.

USB Connectors:

The A-type is exclusively for a host

B-types are for connection to slaves.

Smaller B-type for small devices such as mobile phones and digital cameras.


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USB interfacingMany manufacturers make USB / I/O modules

One is from DLP design: DLP-245PB-G


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The module features - 1:

• USB 1.0 and 2.0 compatible – communication at up to 2Mbits/s

• 18 digital I/O lines (6 as A/D inputs)• Programmable Microchip 16F877A PIC• Pre-programmed code to interface to USB


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The module features - 2:• Code provides access to:

I/O (analogue and digital)

EEPROM and

external digital temperature sensors• Access to the PIC data bus for further

expansion.• No in-depth knowledge of USB hardware or

software is required• 40-pin DIL pin-out: further expansion is easy.


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Using the module

Install drivers and DLL – can then use from C#

Can read and write directly to I/O

Need to understand protocol


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Summary

• Serial port• Parallel port• API DLLs• USB

• USB Module

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