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Col Naresh Bana, F.I.E., M.I.P.W.E.
AN OVERVIEW
“Mantramoolah Sarva-Aarambhah”, everything
begins with a policy or is project based. The
word mantra is taken to mean policy or project
plan in a technical sense as used by Chanakya in
ancient India. An idea or plan for starting work,
procuring men and money, deciding on the
place and timing of work, overcoming
difficulties that can arise, and work
accomplishment are the five parts of the
mantra. That is what present day project
management is also all about.
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To sustain the growth story of India and to
continue having an edge globally we need to
be efficient and optimum in whatever we do.
“Project Management” is a structured
learning of logical planning, orchestration of
resources, control of execution and handling
uncertainties thereby achieving a smooth
transition of raw inputs into finished project.
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Define project and project management
Understand the role of project managers
Understand the need for project communications
Understand how resources are allocated at both
corporate and business unit level
Conceptualize various strategic analyses such as
PEST, Porter’s five force model, value chain analysis,
BCG growth matrix, and flexibility analysis
Understand how creativity and idea generation can
be achieved by individual and group effort
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The archeological evidence suggests
application of well evolved and elaborate
application of engineering and project
management practices in Indus valley cities.
A well laid out and duly constructed drainage
system existed in the cities of Mohenjo-Daro
and Harappa. Certain drains were as big that
a man could walk standing through these.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ustad Ahmad Lahouri, (Ustad: Master); was
an architect and the most likely candidate as
the chief architect of the Taj Mahal. He has
been described as an architect in the court
of Shah Jahan from Lahore. He is also
typically described to be Persian.The
assertion is based on a claim made in
writings by Lahauri's son Lutfullah Muhandis.
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The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road) also formerly known as Uttarpatha, Shah Rah-e-Azam or Sadak-e-Azam or Badshahi Sadak is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For several centuries, it has linked the eastern and western regions of the Indian Subcontinent running from Bangladesh, across north india, into Peshawar in Pakistan up to Kabul. It was initiated during Maurya Empire in 3rd century BCE and later renovated and extended in 16th century AD by Sher Shah Suri.
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The Great Trigonometrical Survey of India started on 10 April 1802
with the measurement of a baseline near Madras. Major Lambton
selected the flat plains with St. Thomas Mount at the north end and
Perumbauk hill at the southern end. The baseline was 7.5 miles
(12.1 km) long. The distance from coast to coast was 360 miles
(580 km) and this survey line was completed in 1806. The East India
Company thought that this project would take about 5 years but
eventually it took more than 60 years, draining the profits of the
Company, so much so it was brought under the Crown after 1857.
It was piloted in its initial stages by William Lambton and later
by George Everest. Among the many accomplishments of the Survey
were the demarcation of the British territories in India and the
measurement of the height of the Himalayan giants: Everest, K2,
and Kanchenjunga. The Survey had an enormous scientific impact
as well, being responsible for one of the first accurate
measurements of a section of an arc of longitude, and for
measurements of the geodesic anomaly.
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Time Resources
Cost
Technical Performance
Specific Objective
Unique process. Well defined purpose & end-items
Consisting of a set of activities
Needs diverse skills from different domains
Involves unfamiliarity and risks
There is something at stake
Includes constraints of time, cost and resources
Project is a complex, non routine, one-time effort to complete a particular task.
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Project mangers are like orchestra directors. They
must optimise resources to play right notes at right
time to create a melodious symphony
Project managers are directly linked to
environment comprising various stake holders
Project managers lead their teams towards
completion of project
Project managers are constantly looking forward,
correcting course and controlling the accelerator
pedal of the vehicle called project while keeping
the stake holders informed as the need be
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State Actors
Central Government
State Government
District Administration
Police Administration
Various Departmental Functionaries
Non State Actors
Project Affected Persons
Local NGOs/Power Brokers
Local Insurgent Groups
International Rogue Elements/Organisations
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Ministry of Environment and Forests
Ministry of Railways
Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Water Resources
Airports Authority of India
State Pollution Control Board
Town Planning Department
Revenue Department
Municipal Clearances
Electricity Boards
Fire Department
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Personal
Organisational
Systems Communication
Managerial Communication
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Every Friday he thinks that there are only two more working days until Monday
At five p.m. he considers the working day only half over
He has no time to rest or relax
He always takes home, work from the office
He takes work with him on vacations (if any)
He is most of the time busy doing things which can be easily delegated
An efficient project manager believes in team work, delegation, systems approach and leadership… S/He has balanced time for work, learning, recreation and family. In addition to project S/He delivers Happiness..
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Efficient resource allocation is
nothing but the uses of various
resources judiciously and timely
so that the entire project will be
completed as per schedule.
Proper monitoring of the uses of
resources at right time and right
place will further enhance the
efficiency of it.
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
A business unit level of a firm must
identify the available opportunities for
investing its resources. This
identification can be done in various
ways such as:
PEST Analysis
Porter’s Five Force Model
Value Chain Analysis
BCG matrix
Flexibility Analysis
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
PROJECT ENVIRONMENT STRATEGIC CAPABILITY
PEST Analysis Porter’s Five
Force Model
Value Chain
Analysis BCG matrix
ANALYSIS
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
In conducting PEST
analysis it is needed to
be considered each
PEST factor which is
having a significant
role in finding out
overall business
environment.
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
Porter’s Five forces analysis deals with the factors outside an industry that
affects the competition within it. A firm has to understand the dynamics of
its industries and markets, so as to compete efficiently. The original
competitive forces model, as proposed by Porter suggested five forces.
The five forces are:
The degree of rivalry
Threat of Entry
The Threat of Substitutes
The Buyer Power
The Supplier Power
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
Competitive
rivalry
Bargaining power
of suppliers Bargaining
power of
buyers
Threat of substitute products
Threat of new entrants
It is a useful
instrument for
managers to identify
the key activities
within the firm which
form the value chain
for that firm and also
have the potential,
sustainable,
competitive advantage
for a firm.
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
BCG is the abbreviation for Boston Consulting Group – an esteemed respectful
strategic consulting firm of the U.S. BCG growth share matrix is one of the
popular BCG’s strategic concept evolved in the late 1970s.
There are two variables in this matrix structure.
• Vertical axis measures market growth.
• Horizontal axis, it depicts the corresponding market share of the firm in a
particular industry.
• Products with high market share or growing rapidly in a market are
expected to earn high profit margins and vice versa.
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
There is a definite role of market share and its growth in
decision making of a product life cycle paradigm. A product
can be identified by one of the following characteristics :
Cash Cows
Stars
Question Marks/Problem Children
Dogs
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
• The Flexibility Analysis mainly deals with the
flexibility of the resources that are available to a
company.
• For analyzing its ability to face an uncertainty, a
company must identify the uncertain areas of work.
• Next, it should assess the impact of the uncertainty and
accordingly prepare itself to overcome the adverse
position.
• Finally, it must study how far its resources are
supportive for such a sudden change in its strategy Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
The term Project life cycle comes into play while nurturing a new
product, upgrading an older one or a new type of service that a
company intends to provide to its customers.
It generally starts with a request for proposal (RFP) to design,
upgrade, construct or installation process of a new or existing
product.
It can also initiate when the company wants to be back in the
competition and once again tries to be a dynamic one.
This is the stage where a company is in serious need of creativity.
The level of creativity may vary with the kind of project that the
company is involved in.
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
Individual Creativity: Creativity has always been instinctive rather than
mechanical. All the institutional and disciplined approaches for creativity do not
generate new ideas, but only help people to be more informative and produce
more numbers of ideas to choose from. Some methods for encouraging
individual creativity are Attribute listing, Checklist, Working Backwards, Black
Box, Directed Dreaming.
Group Creativity: Group creativity is needed when the problem faced is not
well understood, and it is observed that group creativity is more effective than
individual creativity when the nature of the problem is ambiguous and not well
defined. There are some commonly used techniques for group creativity like
Brain storming, Morphology, Storyboarding, Delphi, Nominal group technique.
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
Attribute listing:
Checklist
Working Backwards:
Black Box:
Directed Dreaming:
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
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Brainstorming
Morphology
Storyboarding
Delphi
Nominal Group Techniques
Project Management and Appraisal by Sitangshu Khatua
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