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Slide 1 Thursday, June 30, 200512/05/03

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN

WIRELESS

Jack H. Winters

Chief Scientist, Motia

jwinters@motia.com

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Outline

Technologies

Service Limitations

Multiplatform Systems

Conclusions

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New wireless technologies:

Physical Layer:

WiFi (IEEE802.11a/b/g, n)

WiMax

UWB

Bluetooth

EvDO

RFID

Zigbee

Applications: VoIP

Interconnection: Mesh networks, WLAN-WWAN convergence

SUMMARY

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 4

Wireless System Enhancements

10 feet 100 feet 1 mile 10 miles

100 kbps

1 Mbps

10 Mbps

100 Mbps

2G/3G Wireless0.9, 2GHz

BlueTooth2.4GHz

802.11a/g2.4, 5.5GHz Unlicensed

802.11b2.4GHz Unlicensed

Peak Data Rate

Range

2 mph 10 mph 30 mph 60 mph

$ 500,000

$ 1000

$ 100

$ 500

$ 100

$ 10

$/Cell $/Sub

High performance/price

High ubiquity and mobility

Mobile Speed

Enhanced

UWB3.1-10.6 GHz

WiMAX

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 5

Service Limitations of Wireless

Quality of service for each user is notconsistent:

Too far away from the access point/basestation/etc.

Behind a wall

In a dead spot

Working off a battery, as with a laptop

Suffering from low bandwidth due torange/interference

VoIP applications cannot tolerate fadingor brief outages

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 6

Solutions

Change among platforms to maximize performance Further enhance performance of each systemthrough:

Smart Antennas

Being implemented today (e.g., MIMO) Ad Hoc Networks

Interconnections of multiple clients Combination of Smart Antennas with Ad Hoc Networks (can

give greater gains than the sum of the two)

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 7

Multiplatform Devices

Multimode devices adapt to maximize performance,minimize cost and/or power:

Laptops with WiFi, WiMax, and Cellular (GSM, EDGE,WCDMA, EvDO)

Handsets with WiFi and Cellular:

VoIP

Single spatial stream 802.11n under discussion

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 8

A smart antenna is a multi-element antenna where the signalsreceived at each antenna element are intelligently combined toimprove the performance of the wireless system. The reverse is

performed on transmit.

Smart antennas can:

Increase signal range Suppress interfering signals Combat signal fading Increase the capacity of wireless systems

Smart Antennas

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 9

Antenna gain of M

Suppression of M-1 interferers

M-fold multipath diversity gain (with multipath)

With M Tx antennas (MIMO), M-fold data rateincrease in same channel with same totaltransmit power (with multipath)

SIGNALOUTPUT

BEAMSELECT

SIGNAL

BEAMFORMER

Switched Multibeam

Smart Antennas

Simple beam tracking

limited interference suppression

limited diversity gain

SIGNAL

INTERFERENCE

INTERFERENCEBEAMFORMER

WEIGHTS

Adaptive Antenna Array

SIGNALOUTPUT

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 10

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Radio

With M transmit and M receive antennas, can provide M independent channels, to increase data rate M-fold with no increase in total transmit power (with sufficient multipath) only an increase in DSP

Indoors up to 150-fold increase in theory

Outdoors 8-12-fold increase typical

Measurements (e.g., AT&T) show 4x data rate & capacity increase in all mobile & indoor/outdoorenvironments (4 TX and 4 RX antennas)

216 Mbps 802.11a (4X 54 Mbps)

1.5 Mbps EDGE

19 Mbps WCDMA

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 11

WiFi/WiMax (4 antennas) 13 dB (one side), 18 dB (both sides) > 2-4 times range,

throughput

Cellular (4 antennas):

>6 dB gain on receive 2X range, throughput

Gains for with Smart Antennas

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 12

WiFi, WiMax, Cellular:

Use one array (4 antennas) for all platforms

Digital interface from array (RFIC) to BB/MACs

Cable from laptop display back or handset case Standard in development:

JC-61 (initially for 802.11n) single merged proposal at nextmeeting in July

Multiplatform Smart Antenna

Systems

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 13

JEDEC Standard JC-61

Block Diagram

802.11n,

WiMax,CellularRFIC

802.11n , WiMax,

CellularBaseband/MAC

Processor

Host Interface

BasebandI/Q

ControlSignals

RX_CLK

RX_DATA

TX_DATA

TX_CLK

JESD96Interface:

A/D, D/A,ControlLogic

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 14

Mobile Ad Hoc/Mesh Networks

Network of wireless hosts which may be mobile No pre-existing infrastructure Multiple hops for routing Neighbors and routing changes with time (mobility, environment)

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 15

Impact of Smart Antennas in Ad

Hoc Networks

Since smart antennas are a physical layer technique, existingapproaches for MAC/routing in ad hoc networks will work with smartantennas, but these MAC/routing techniques need to be modified toachieve the full benefit

Need to use hooks: Hooks for frequency assignment techniques to include reusing a

frequency (up to M-1 times).

Hooks for the inclusion of multiple radio capability to include multipleradios in the same channel.

This can be done in such a way to actually reduce the complexity of theMAC/routing algorithms.

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Thursday, June 30, 2005Slide 16

Conclusions

Wide variety of wireless technologies, each with differentcapabilities

Multiplatform devices will allow for adaptation among platformsto maximize performance

Smart antennas and ad hoc network techniques with these

various platforms will further enhance and overcome most ofcurrent wireless limitations

Adaptation of platforms, signal processing, andinterconnection techniques may look confusing, but if donecorrectly will lead to high performance, ubiquitous wireless

systems, without requiring user sophistication