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2

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3

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6 J55</%7 19;/%#%#& '#& - #":( %-0 !"+/%#/;#0 %+1 #*-5;'+1 µ7 %-* 7&2&',%7"- 6'9#*/( %-0, %-* #":( %-0 78*+&#0 1!6" #1%+8. @*%;/%+&:- !"+/%#/;# 19;/%#%#& '#& $&# .%+µ# !+1 6:+1* %7=7; 1!, '#=7/%3%+0 2&'#/%&'(0 /1µ!#"./%#/-0, 7!&'+1"&'(0 ( !5("+10 4./7& %-0 @I1666 '#& $7*&',%7"# $&# .%+µ# – !./:+*%# #!, /<µ#%&'( ( !*71µ#%&'( *,/+ %# +!+;# '#& #!+5#µ4.*+1* %+1 2&'#&3µ#%+0 7&2&',%7"-0 9"+*%;2#0 #!, %+ '".%+0, /8µ9<*# µ7 %+ ."="+ 21§2. 7 @K>LC@G >)M)FLBEBNOBG, G1*%#$µ#%&'. >&'#&3µ#%#, G8/%-µ# G1*%#$µ#%&'+8 >&'#;+1, F,µ+0 PQ, F78:. R-RRR (2008), /75.153 8 B& +!+;+& '#*,*70 "1=µ;A+1* 7!;/-0 '#& %,!+, %",!+ '#& :",*+ ./'-/-0 - +!+;# !56+* 7D#"%.%#& #!, /1$'7'"&µ6*70 !"+S!+=6/7&0. 9 @K>LC@G >)M)FLBEBNOBG, G1*%#$µ#%&'. >&'#&3µ#%#, G8/%-µ# G1*%#$µ#%&'+8 >&'#;+1, F,µ+0 PQ, F78:. R-RRR (2008), /75.153

4

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1.2 !" #$%&&'(µ) 1.2.1 *++",) #$)&&-(µ)."/ <-. !& ,-151;+&(& !$6 7/µ.!$% !&% 1#.4413µ.!-)2% 13167158.%, 052(-µ$ 18+.- +. #5$>$;µ1 (1 $5-(µ" !&% /++$-.% !$6 1#.44/3µ.!$%. B#'4413µ. 18+.- & (!.7152, (6(!&µ.!-)2 ).- ).!’ 1@.)$3$;7&(& ).- ).!' ).+"+. µ1 #5"71(& >-$#$5-(µ$;, .#.(0"3&(& (1 $5-(µ/+. /54.10. C+!871!& /++$-. 18+.- .6!2 !&% 16).-5-.)2% .#.(0"3&(&%. 9!$+ 1)'(!$!1 154.D"µ1+$ (64)1)5-µ/+& 1#.4413µ.!-)2 -,-"!&!. #5$(,8,1- & (!.7152 ).- (6(!&µ.!-)2 .#.(0"3&(2 !$6 (1 $5-(µ/+$ 18,$% 154.(8.%. E /++$-. !$6 1#.44/3µ.!$% 18+.- -,-.8!15. )58(-µ& (!. #3.8(-. !$6 154.!-)$; )658*% ,-).8$6 ,1,$µ/+$6 "!- 6#'50$6+ 1-,-)$8 +"µ$- #$6 567µ8D$6+ D&!2µ.!. !. $#$8. .?$5$;+ (64)1)5-µ/+1% 1-,-)"!&!1% (1 1#8#1,$ .!$µ-)2% 154.(8.%, ).7:% 1#8(&% ).- (633$4-)/% (6µ>'(1-% 154.(8.% #$6 .?$5$;+ (1 (64)1)5-µ/+$6% )3',$6% ($µ$-$1#.4413µ.!-)/% 99B) 1.2.2 0"12-/ #$)&&'(µ%.3+ C+ ).- $ ()$#"% !&% )'71 1#-µ/5$6% ,5.(!&5-"!&!.% #$6 µ#$518 +. 0.5.)!&5-(!18 *% 1#'4413µ. 18+.- $ 8,-$%, ,&3.,2 !$ $-)$+$µ-)" "?13$%, !. 1#.44/3µ.!. µ#$5$;+ +. 0*5-(!$;+ (1 µ-. (1-5' «).!&4$5-:+» 4-. !-% $#$81% -(0;$6+ ,-.?$51!-)$8 ).+"+1% ,-).8$6. A5-(µ/+1% .#" .6!/% #5$(!.!1;$+!.- 'µ1(. !"($ .#" !$ (;+!.4µ., "($ ).- .#" '33$6% 1-,-)"!15$6% +"µ$6%, "#*% & [email protected]!&µ/+& 154.(8., #$6 #5$(!.!1;1!.- !"($ .#" !$ (;+!.4µ. ('575. 22 ).- 23) "($ ).- .#" 1-,-)$;% 154.!-)$;% +"µ$6% (30 $ +.1767/88 2 $ +.1876/90 (1 (633$4-)" 1#8#1,$ ).- (1 .!$µ-)" !. '575. !$6 CF .+.?$5-)' µ1 !& (;µ>.(& [email protected]!&µ/+&% 154.(8.%), 1+: '331% 567µ8D$+!.- ).!’ .502+ .#" 1-,-)"!15$6% +"µ$6%, "#*% 30 & (;µ>.(& 1+!$32% 2 & (;µ>.(& /54$6.

10 FCGCFCH9CIE9, <CGJKFC9, C!$µ-)" B54.!-)" J8).-$ (1995), (13.45 - 46

5

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6

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14 <D685, 688, 689 4#" 690 15 E-*8-1 !(& *#.*'B1&*#". I4#&8*6*# !"4#'1. ('&#" 6 !.&#*8*6*# (&8) 971-G91. &# ('&#" .914('µ(&1 !"4#"%µ5*%&, (&G 6 !"4#"197#4*"4= "4#&8*6*# ('&#" 6 !.&#*8*6*# !=0%-6) /1,06-6) µ( 2&&1µ# #91*(02-µ#*#. I4#&8*6*# !"4#'1. µ917(' &# .957+(" 3%7') *6& "4#&8*6*# ;"# !"4#"197#+'#, 03 -*6& 9(7'9*%-6 #&60'41. = 971-G91. 91. 23(" *(>(' -( 90=76 !"4#-*"4= -.µ9#75-*#-6, #&*'>(*#, 6 "4#&8*6*# ;"# !"4#"197#+'# !( µ917(' &# .957+(" 3%7') *6& "4#&8*6*# !"4#'1.. :.&(9G) 6 97G*6 ('&#" (.7,*(76 #98 *6 !(,*(76. 16 <JHK@<: HFLFMKN?NOPN:, :.&*#;µ#*"45 H"4#"Gµ#*#, :,-*6µ# :.&*#;µ#*"41, H"4#'1., M8µ1) QA, M(,3. I-III (2008), -(0.150

7

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8

2. !"µ#$%& '()$%*$+ (,-648./.) 2.1 01123$ ! "#µ$%"& ['(%)*&µ+,&-] ').%"/%- '/,%0 & %µ12*')2$%)3- "#µ$%"& µ' *&, 242/% 2 ').%56µ',2- +7'0 *&, 8427)+9"& ,% 4%)+7'0, .0% 2)0"µ+,2 3 %6)0"*2 7)6,2 *&, ').%"/% *28 "*2, ').2:6*& ;%0 2 ').2:6*&- ,% *28 ;%*%$<=='0 *2 "8µ4'19,&µ+,2 µ0">6. ?46 *&, §1 *&- ?@648, 4)2;#4*28, *% 4%)%;<*9 "*207'/%: %) 4)6;'0*%0 .0% %µ12*')2$%)3 "#µ$%"&, $) 84<)728, *28=<70"*2, :82 µ+)&17, 2 ').2:6*&- ;%0 2 ').%56µ',2-, '42µ+,9- .0% *& :0')'#,&"& *&- 28"/%- *28 ').%"0%;2# :0;%0Aµ%*2-, >% 4)+4'0 ,% '('*<"28µ' *% :0;%0Aµ%*% ;%0 *9, :82 4='8)A,, .) 8427)+9"& .0% 4%)273 ;%0 *9, :82 µ')A,, *6"2 *28 ').%56µ',28 (8427)+9"& 4%)273- ').%"/%-) 6"2 ;%0 *28 ').2:6*& (8427)+9"& µ0">2:2"/%-), :) ',:+7'*%0 ,% *'>2#, 7)2,0;< 6)0%· *% 6)0% %8*< ;%>2)/528, *& :8,%*6*&*% *28 ').2:6*& µ2,6;')28- 4%#"&- *&- ').%"/%- (%46=8"&- *28 µ0">9*2#) – %8*6 "7'*/5'*%0 µ' *2 %, ;%0 ;%*< 46"2 +7'0 "8µ19,&>'/ 2)0"µ+,2- 7)6,2- %4%"76=&"&- ("7+"& ').%"/%- 2)0"µ+,28 7)6,28) 3 %, 4)6;'0*%0 .0% "7+"& ').%"/%- %2)/"*28 7)6,28. B*&, 4)A*& 4')/4*9"& %4%0*'/*%0 .0% *&, ;%*%..'=/% *&- "#µ$%"&- ').%"/%- "428:%/2- =6.2-, :&=%:3 4')0"*%*0;< ,2µ0;< 3 4)%.µ%*0;< 428 ;%>0"*2#, :8"$<"*%;*& *& "8,+70"& *&- "7+"'9- ').%"/%- $<"'0 *&- ;%=3- 4/"*&- ;%0 *9, 7)&"*A, &>A,. C404=+2,, .0% ,% µ42)+"28µ' ,% 4)2"'../"28µ' *&, +,,20% *&- "#µ$%"&- ').%"/%- >% 4)+4'0 ,% =<$28µ' 846D& µ%- %;6µ% +,% "*207'/2, %8*6 *&- '(<)*&"&-18. E- "*207'/2 .0% *2 7%)%;*&)0"µ6 µ0%- "7+"&- ').%"/%- 9- '(%)*&µ+,&-, '/7' 4)2*%>'/ & 20;2,2µ0;3 '(<)*&"&, *2 .'.2,6- :&=%:3 6*0 ;%*< ;%,6,% 2 ').%56µ',2- '(%)*<*%0 20;2,2µ0;< %46 *2, ').2:6*&, %12# :0%$0A,'0 %46 *2 %,*<==%.µ% *&- 4%)273- *&- ').%"/%- *28. ?8*6 *2 ;)0*3)02 6µ9- >'9)'/*%0 %4)6"12)219, ;%>A- 20;2,2µ0;3 '(<)*&"& µ42)'/ ,% 84<)7'0 ;%0 "*0- 4')04*A"'0- 4%)273- '='#>')9, 84&)'"0A,, %12# ;%0 ';'/ %8*6- 428 4%)+7'0 *0- 84&)'"/'- *28, ;%*< ;%,6,% 5'0 %46 *&, ').%"/% *28. ?46 *&, <==& 4='8)<, µ42)'/ ,% µ& "8,*)+7'0 "' 4')04*A"'0- 4%)273- '(%)*&µ+,&- ').%"/%-, 6*%, =7 2 ').%56µ',2- :', '(%)*<*%0 20;2,2µ0;< %46 *2 %,*<==%.µ% *&- ').%"/%- *28, .0%*/ +7'0 4')028"/% 3 '0"2:3µ%*% %46 <=='- 4&.+-. B*& F%==/% ;%==0').3>&;' *2 ,2µ0;6 ;)0*3)02, $<"'0 *28 242/28 %46 *& "#µ$%"& '(%)*&µ+,&- ').%"/%- 2 ').%56µ',2- 846;'0*%0 "*& :0<>'"& ;%0 *2, +='.72 *28 ').2:6*&. B*& F')µ%,/% 81/"*%*%0 & >'9)/% *&- 4)2"940;3- '(<)*&"&-, 428 ;%*%=3.'0 "*2 /:02 "8µ4+)%"µ% µ' %8*6 *&- .%==0;3- >'9)/%-, :&=%:3 "*2 6*0 ', *+='0 '(%)*&µ+,& >'9)'/*%0 & ').%"/% 428 4%)+7'*%0 ;%*< *28- 6)28- *28 :0'8>8,*0;2# :0;%0Aµ%*2- *28 ').2:6*&20. G2 >+µ% '/,%0 6*0 ';;0,'/ %46 :0%12)'*0;3 >'A)&"&, & 242/% ', 2=/.20- 2)/5'0 6*0 & ').%"/% 4%)+7'*%0 "*&, 84&)'"/% <==28 4)2"A428 ;%0 6*0 ', *+='0 2 ').%56µ',2- >% 4)+4'0 ,% 84%;2#'0

17 H+µ' *28=<70"*2, :82 µ+)& :':2µ+,28 *28 6*0 µ42)'/ ,% 81/"*%*%0 ').%56µ',2- µ' :82 ').2:6*'-, «*)0.9,0;3 "7+"& ').%"/%-» 3 µ' <==% =6.0% :%,'0"µ6- *28 µ0">9*2#. B8.;';)0µ+,% .0% *2 :%,'0"µ6 $=. @?I?@?GB?J!B, F?IKL@?B, ?*2µ0;6 C).%*0;6 K/;%02 (1995), "'=.175 18 G2 "*207'/2 *&- '(<)*&"&- 2)/5'0 *2 %, ', *+='0 >% '1%)µ2"*'/ µ0% "'0)< 4)2"*%*'8*0;A, .0% *2, ').%56µ',2 :0%*<('0-, ;%>A- >'9)/% ;%0 ,2µ2=2./% :+72,*%0 *& :0<;)0"& *&- ').%"/%- "' '(%)*&µ+,& ;%0 %,'(<)*&*&. C4/ *2#*28, $=. ;%0 4%)%;<*9 2.1.1 19 @?I?@?GB?J!B, F?IKL@?B, ?*2µ0;6 C).%*0;6 K/;%02 (1995), "'=.43 20 @?I?@?GB?J!B, F?IKL@?B, ?*2µ0;6 C).%*0;6 K/;%02 (1995), "'=.45

9

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10

2.1.2 ! "#$%&' !" #$%&'#()*+ ,&# %-$ .(,#/0# ')1 '#(.0*. ) .(,#23µ.$)" /%)$ .(,)43%-, ) %.5.1%#0)" %)1 )6.05.& %-$ 7#%#8)5+ %)1 µ&/9):. ;&/93" .0$#& 7<9. '#()*+ ')1 )6.05.& ) .(,)43%-" 7#%< %) $3µ) %- /:µ8#/- + %- /1$+9.&# /%)$ .(,#23µ.$) =" #$%<55#,µ# ,&# %-$ '#(.*3µ.$- .(,#/0#. >$%&7.0µ.$) %)1 µ&/9): µ')(.0 $# .0$#& *(+µ#%#, + <55)1 .04)1" '#()*?", 3'=" %(36&µ#, '()@3$%# %-" .'&*.0(-/-" 75'. A 7#9)(&/µ3" %)1 µ&/9): ,0$.%#& 7#%3'&$ /1µ6=$0#" #$<µ./# /%# µ?(- ((-%+ + 7#& /&='-(+, 85. .'0 %):%)1 /1µ6=$-µ?$)" µ&/93", >B648§1). >$ 4.$ ?*.& /1µ6=$-9.0 µ&/93", %) :C)" %)1 7#9)(02.%#& #'3 %- /1$+9.&#26. A µ&/93" 7#9)(02.%#& #'3 %) $3µ), %&" /155),&7?" /1µ8</.&" .(,#/0#" + %-$ #%)µ&7+ /:µ8#/- .(,#/0#". D.*3µ#/%. 3%& - #%)µ&7+ /:µ8#/- #$ 7#& .63/)$ '()85?'.& 1C-53%.() µ&/93 #'3 %- /155),&7+, '#(#µ.(02.& %-$ %.5.1%#0# (#(*+ %-" .:$)&#"). E# 7#%F%#%# 3(&# µ&/9): '()85?')$%#& #'3 %-$ G9$&7+ H.$&7+ /155),&7+ /:µ8#/- .(,#/0#", - )')0# .0$#& 4./µ.1%&7+ =" '()" 35)1" %)1" .(,#2)µ?$)1". G'0/-" 4./µ.1%&7+ =" '()" .(,#2)µ?$)1" 7#& .(,)43%- .0$#& - .'&*.&(-/&#7+ /155),&7+ /:µ8#/- + )µ)&)75#4&7?" 7#& )µ)&).'#,,.5µ#%&7?" ')1 7-(:*9-7#$ ,.$&7F" 1')*(.=%&7?" µ. '(<I- %)1 #(µ34&)1 1')1(,): .(,#/0#". J 4&)&7-%&7+ #1%+ '(<I- (7#$)$&/%&7+ 4&)&7-%&7+ '(<I-, 4.4)µ?$)1 3%& '.(&?*.& ?$#$ #'(3/=') 7#$3$# 4&7#0)1 7#& %1,*<$.& .6#(µ),+" /. 7<9. '(3/=') ')1 /1,7.$%(F$.& µ&# /.&(< &4&)%+%=$ 7#& '()K')9?/.=$27) =" .7%.5./%+ 4&)&7-%&7+ '(<I- µ')(.0 $# #71(=9.0 #'3 %) L%G 7#%3'&$ </7-/-" #0%-/-" #7:(=/-"28. A µ&/93" µ')(.0 $# .0$#& 8#/&73", *()$&73" 7#& #$#6)(&7< µ. %) .04)" %)1 7#%< µ)$<4#, 7#%’ #')7)'+ + 7#& /. ')/)/%3. >. M#/&73"-N()$&73" µ&/93":

26 !" /1$+9.&# 5#µ8<$.%#& 1'3C- #1%+ - )')0# 7(#%.0 /%)$ %3') 7#& *(3$) ')1 '#(?*.%#& - .(,#/0# µ. 8</- 8?8#&# %) /:$)5) %=$ .&4&7F$ /1$9-7F$ ')1 .'&7(#%):$ .7.0. 27 HGOAPE>L, QREO>L, S>RQASARQAL, LTAREJ, UQAH>VEJL, D&)&7-%&73 D07#&) (2004), /.5.191 28 H&# $# #/7-9.0 '#(#4.7%< %) ?$4&7) 8)+9-µ# %-" #0%-/-" #7:(=/-" 9# '(?'.& 7#%’ #(*<" $# /1$%(?*)1$ )& ,.$&7?" '()K')9?/.&" '#(#4.7%+" </7-/-" .$407)1 8)-9+µ#%)", %)1%?/%&$, .55-$&7+ 4&7#&)4)/0#, 4&)&7-%&7+ 4&7#&)4)/0# 7#& #(µ)4&3%-%# (,&# %) 4&7#/%+(&)), 4&#4&7#/%&7+ &7#$3%-%#, &7#$3%-%# 4&7#/%&7+" '#(#/%</.=" 7#& &7#$3%-%# #1%)'(3/='-" 4&7#/%&7+" '#(#/%</.=" (,&# %)1" 4&#407)1") 7#& ,&# %- 4&#4&7#/0#, ?55.&C- .77(.µ)4&70#", ?55.&C- 4.4&7#/µ?$)1 7#& %1'&7+ )(93%-%# </7-/-" %)1 .$407)1 8)-9+µ#%)". >$#6)(&7< µ. %-$ %1'&7+ )(93%-%# 7#& %&" '()K')9?/.&" '#(#4.7%): /1,7.7(&µ?$# %-" #0%-/-" #71(F/.=", '(?'.& $# &/*:)1$ %# '#(#7<%=:

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11

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A. B#-/ µ!,/;#, B#-’ #4!&!4: &#% $* C!$!$-': D&-'( #4' 01!,%&'( : "#$%&'(, ! µ%$)'( µ4!1*+ ,# 24!.!7+=*-#% &#% µ* /..!2( -1'4!2(. B#-/ µ!,/;# *17#$+#( µ%$)'( *+,#% #2-'( 4!2 !6*+.*-#% #,/.!7# µ* -<, 4!$'-<-# 4!2 50!2, !% 4#1#7'µ*,*( µ!,/;*( *17#$+#( (.0 ;+,*-#% ! 0 µ%$)'( 7%# &/)* 4#,-*.',% 4!2 &#-#$&*2/=*-#%), ! &#-’ #4!&!4: µ%$)'( *+,#% *&*+,!( 4!2 !6*+.*-#% 7%# '.< -<, 4!$'-<-# -<( *17#$+#( &#% ! µ%$)'( µ* 4!$!$-' #4' -# &51;< (.0 10% *4+ ->, &*1;8,). 2.1.3 !"#µ$%& – '())#*$%& +,µ-.+/ 01*.+2.3 %.$ ',4".*µ. E,#6!1%&/ µ* -< ;%/&1%$< -<( $3µ"#$<( *17#$+#( $* #-!µ%&: &#% $2..!7%&:, µ4!1!3µ* ,# ;%#&1+,!2µ* &#% 4!%# /1)1# -!2 $2,-/7µ#-!( )# 01<$%µ!4!%:$!2µ* 41!&*%µ5,!2 ,# ;%*1*2,:$!2µ* -# ;%&#%8µ#-# 4!2 #4!115!2, #4' #2-/. F-$%, #, 41'&*%-#% 7%# #-!µ%&: $3µ"#$< *17#$+#(, < $05$< *17#$+#(, < *9/1-<$< &#% *, -5.*% ! 5.*70!( )# 7+,!,-#% $* 41!$>4%&' *4+4*;!, *,8 -! /1)1! 4!2 )# 01<$%µ!4!%<)*+ &21+>(30 )# *+,#% -! 22. E,-+)*-#, #, 41'&*%-#% 7%# $2..!7%&: $3µ"#$< *17#$+#( )# 4154*% ,# 7+,!2, $*"#$-/ -# $2,;%&#.%$-%&/ ;%&#%8µ#-# ->, *17#=!µ5,>,, /1# $+7!21# )# 01<$%µ!4!%:$!2µ* -! /1)1! 23. G$-'$!, ;*;!µ5,<( -<( $-*,:( $05$<( $2..!7%&!3 &#% #-!µ%&!3 *17#-%&!3 ;%&#+!231, µ4!1!3µ* ,# &#-#.:9!2µ* $-! '-% )# -30*% *6#1µ!7:( &#% -! /1)1! 22. E2-' $2µ"#+,*% ;*;!µ5,!2 '-% $* µ%#, *4%0*+1<$< < *4%0*%1<$%#&: $2..!7%&: $3µ"#$< *17#$+#(, 4!2 '4>( 41!#,#651#µ* ;*$µ*3*% -! $3,!.! ->, *17#=!µ5,>, &#% '0% µ',! ->, µ*.8, -!2 $2,;%&/-!2 4!2 -<, 24571#?*, )5-*% 5,# minimum 41!$-#$+#( -!2 *17#=!µ5,!2, .+7! 4%! ?<./ #4' -! minimum 4!2 -+)*-#% #4' -<, *),%&: 7*,%&: $2..!7%&: $3µ"#$< *17#$+#(. E4' *&*+ &#% 451# ! &/)* *17#='µ*,!( 50!,-#( >( "/$< -< $2..!7%&: $3µ"#$< *17#$+#( µ4!1*+ ,# ;%*&;%&:$*% *4%41'$)*-# ;%&#%8µ#-# #4' -!, *17!;'-< 4!2 $*"'µ*,!( -<, #10: -<( +$<( µ*-#0*+1%$<( &#% $-#)µ+=!,-#( -# ;*;!µ5,# *,;50*-#% ,# 4#1#0>1:$*%. D;8 01:$%µ! *+,#% ,# 41!$;%!1+$!2µ* -<, 5,,!%# -<( $2..!7%&:( $3µ"#$<( *17#$+#(. O% $2..!7%&5( $2µ"/$*%( *17#$+#( .!%4',, *+,#% %;%'-24*( $2µ"/$*%( 7%# -< $3,#?< ->, !4!+>, #4#%-*+-#% *%;%&: %&#,'-<-# -<, !4!+# 50!2, !% 4.5!, #,-%41!$>4*2-%&5( *4#77*.µ#-%&5( !17#,8$*%( ->, *17#=!µ5,>, &#% *17!;!-8,32. E../ *,8 $2,/4-!,-#% µ* -!, -1'4! 4!2 $2,/4-*-#% &/)* $3µ"#$<, ;<.#;: µ* -<

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12

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13

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14

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38 ADLDAD?MDEFM, NDL<OADM, D+(µ45/ K-.!+45/ <25!4( (1995), 9%&.248

15

!"µµ#$%&' !$() *%+),)+*', %+*%)%µ+*' *-+ .%/+$+*' 0,' $(1 &23-1 *-+ .3%!$-$#4#+ $() $+µ', $( 0,' *-+ $() #/#"5#36- $%" -)532.%". 78( -.9 $% 1975 (!$% :4)$-;µ- $%" ’75) #83<0#$-+ 5#$+*< ( #/#"5#36- $(1 #3;-!6-1, #)2 ( -3)($+*' $(1 =*>3-!( ">6!$-$-+ !$% <353% 22§3 [!'µ#3- !$% 22§4], .%" -.-;%3#4#+ $() -)-;*-!$+*' #3;-!6- *-+ #.+$3=.#+ $() #.6$-?( ".(3#!+2) µ9)% !# !";*#*3+µ=)#1, .#3+%3+!$+*< %3+09µ#)#1, #?-+3#$+*=1 .#3+.$2!#+1 #5)+*2) ' *%+),)+*2) -)-;*2). @$!+ .3%!$-$#4#$-+ ( #/#"5#36- $%" -$9µ%" )- #3;<0#$-+, )- #.+/=;#+ $() #3;-!6- $%", $%) #.-;;#/µ-$+*9 $%" .3%!-)-$%/+!µ9 *-+ $() #.-;;#/µ-$+*' $%" #*.-68#"!(. A.9 $+1 8+-$<?#+1 -"$=1, .(;<0%") #.6!(1 *-+ $- 8+*-+2µ-$- !#B-!µ%4 $(1 .3%!,.+*9$($-1 !’ 9/#1 $(1 $+1 #*><)!#+1. 2.2.1.2 !" #$%&'(µ& )*+, -./&)'& %&$ + 0.")*&)'& *"1 &02 *" 3.4*"5 To <353% 22§1 *-5+#32)#+ $() *3-$+*' µ=3+µ)- #.6 $%" 8+*-+2µ-$%1 #3;-!6-1 !$%&#4%)$-1 !$( 8(µ+%"3;6- $,) -.-3-+$'$,) !")5(*2) .3%*#+µ=)%" ;+- )- .3-;µ-$%.%+(5#6 ( "/+*' *-+ (5+*' #?4C,!( $%" #3;-0%µ=)%" -!$+*%4 *-+ -;3%$+*%4 ./(5"!µ%4. D=B-+-, ( 8+<$-?( -"$' 8# 5#µ#/+2)#+ .3-;µ-$+*9 8+*-6,µ- $,) .%/+$2) -.=)-)$+ !$% *3<$%1 ;+- $() #?#43#!( #3;-!6-1, $%.%5=$(!( !’ -"$' $( 5=!(, %4$# -?6,!( $,) #3;-0%µ=),) *-$< $,) #3;%8%$2) ;+- $() *-$</(C( *#)2) 5=!#,). @&#+ #) $=/#+ $% &-3-*$'3- *-$#"5")$'3+-1 ;3-µµ'1, -)#?<3$($- -.9 $() *-$<!$-!( !$() -;%3< #3;-!6-1. @$!+ $% *3<$%1 *-/#6$-+ )- -*%/%"5'!#+ .%/+$+*' ./'3%"1 -.-!&9/(!(1 µ# µ=$3- !")8#9µ#)- #6$# µ# $( ;#)+*9$#3( %+*%)%µ+*' .%/+$+*', 2!$# )- 86)%)$-+ 9µ%+#1 *-+ 86*-+#1 #"*-+36#1 !# 9/%"1, #6$# µ# $() .3%!$-!6- $(1 5=!#,1 $,) #3;-0%µ=),)39. 2.2.1.3 6)2*+*& 27(, &08,&,*$ )*" 92µ" D<!#+ $,) <353,) 4§§1 *-+ 2 *-+ 22§1#8.BE *-5+#32)%)$-+:

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39 I+- $% 0'$(µ- -"$9 B/ *-+ JAKAJAL:AMN: – IAKOPJA:, A$%µ+*9 F3;-$+*9 O6*-+% (1995), .%" ".%!$(360#$-+ 9$+ ( #.+$-;' ;+- (5+*' #?4C,!( $%" #3;-0%µ=)%" #6)-+ #) $=/#+ -.9/"$( *-+ ;#)+*'. F.+B<//#+ !$% J3<$%1 .3,$%B%"/6#1 ;+- $() .3%!$-!6- $(1 .3%!,.+*9$($-1 $,) #3;-0%µ=),) *-+ #) ;=)#+ 9/,) $,) .%/+$2), *-+ $() *%+),)+*', µ%3>,$+*' *-+ #.-;;#/µ-$+*' .3%-;,;' $,) #3;-0%µ=),). F.+./=%), ( 8+<$-?( -"$' !")8"-09µ#)( µ# $- <353- 2§1 *-+ 5 5</.#+ µ=$3- %3;<),!(1 $(1 %+*%)%µ+*'1 0,'1, µ# $=$%+% $39.% .%" )- #?-!>-/60#$-+ % !#B-!µ91 $%" .3%!2.%", ( -)<.$"?( $(1 .3%!,.+*9$($-1 *-+ ( !"µµ#$%&' $,) #3;-0%µ=),) !# %,$+ $%"1 ->%3<. N #.+$-;' ;+- $() "/+*' #?4C,!( -.%$#/#6 #) $=/#+ *-+ #.+$-;' ;+- *%+),)+*' 8+*-+%!4)(, .%" %8(;#6 !# µ=$3- 86*-+(1 *-+ +!933%.(1 !"µµ#$%&'1 $,) #3;-0%µ=),) !$% *%+),)+*9 .3%Q9).

16

!"#"$% 4 &' (")*µ+' ,-$%./)' 0)1 )-/&.2 $%.1).3104' 510)1$.672' .3$ 8,"1,9+µ,7$ 3&7 ,-$%.1).310:7 "%#µ/.,&7. 2.2.1.4 Nullum crime nulla poena sine lege ; <).10+3)32 0)1 #,µ,=1:52' )"94 3$% 8$1710$6 510)/$% 8$% 0)#1,":7,3)1 .3$ !"#"$ 7 3$% >%73!*µ)3$' $"/?,1 +31 5,7 %8!"9,1 @*0=2µ) $63, 8$174 9&"/' 7+µ$. A 7+µ$' ,/7)1 3$ .3$19,/$ ,0,/7$ 8$% $52*,/ )(,7+' .3$ 9)")032"1.µ+ µ1)' 8"!-2' &' «!5102'» (&' crimen) 0)1 )(,3@"$% .3$7 0)3)=$*1.µ+ (µ, 327 ,81<$=4 32' poena). B@.) .327 ,819,/"2.2 3$ 8,1#)"910+ 5/0)1$ @9,1 )"0,3@' $µ$1+323,' µ, 3$ 8$1710+: )) 0)1 3) 5%$ 8"$<=@8$%7 µ1) .,1"! .%µ8,"1($":7 8$% #,&"$67 !510,' 0)1 ,8$µ@7&' ,819,1"$67 7) 31' )8)-1:.$%7, <) $1 .%µ8,"1($"!' 8$% #,&"$67 !510,' $52*$67 ., ).3!#,1) 0$17&7104 )7 8"+0,13)1 *1) @*0=2µ) 3$% 8$1710$6 510)/$% 4 ,75$,0µ,3)==,%.1)04, )7 8"+0,13)1 *1) 8)"!83&µ) 3$% 8,1#)"910$6 510)/$%, *) 0)1 .3) 5%$ %8!"9,1 µ1) 0=1µ!0&.2· +8&' )0"1<:' .3$ 8$1710+ 5/0)1$ %8!"9,1 0=1µ!0&.2 3&7 ,*0=2µ!3&7 ., 83)/.µ)3)-8=2µµ,=4µ)3)-0)0$%"*4µ)3), 8"$<=@8$73)' *1) 327 0!#, 0)32*$"/) 51)($",3104 8$174 (=9 .3,"23104 32' ,=,%#,"/)' 8$174, 0"!32.2 / (%=!01.2 / 0!#,1"-2) @3.1 0)1 .3$ 8,1#)"910+ 5/0)1$ %8!"9$%7 .%µ8,"1($"@' 8$% 31µ&"$673)1 ,=)("+3,") )8+ !==,'. C,5$µ@72' =$18+7 )%34' 32' )7)=$*/)' 8,1#)"910$6 µ, 8$1710+ 5/0)1$, 2 )"94 3$% !"#"$% 7 ,()"µ+?,3)1 )7!=$*) 0)1 .3$ 8,1#)"910+ 5/0)1$ µ1)' ,819,/"2.2'. 2.2.1.5 !"#$%#&'( )*+µ,-, ./0&(1,-, %&,1/#'(- /(2 (3(&(4'(156 272852/9- :89- D$ !"#"$ 9, 8$% 0)#1,":7,1 3$ )8)")</).3$ 32' 151&3104' 0)1 $10$*,7,1)04' ?&4' 3$% )3+µ$%, 3$ !"#"$ 13§1, 8$% 0)#1,":7,1 327 ,=,%#,"/) #"2.0,%3104' .%7,/52.2', 3$ !"#"$ 14§1 8$% 0)#1,":7,1 327 ,=,%#,"/) @0(").2' 0)1 51!5$.2' .3$9).µ:7 0)1 3$ 21 8$% 0)#1,":7,1 327 8"$.3)./) 32' $10$*@7,1)', 3$% *!µ$% 0)1 32' µ23"+323)' @9$%7 .2µ)./) .31' 8,"183:.,1' +8$% $1 )-/,' )%3@' .%7)73:73)1 µ, "%#µ/.,1' .327 0)#2µ,"174 51)510)./) 32' ,"*)./)'. B, )%3+7 3$7 3"+8$ #@3$%7 (")*µ$6' .3) ,"*$5$310! 510)1:µ)3). 2.2.1.6 !"#$%#&'( 1$*.&;#1%(2 /(2 1$*#5(2&':#1%(2 E)3’ )"947 2 ,=,%#,"/) 3$% .%7@"9,.#)1 0)1 3$% .%7,3)1"/?,.#)1 0)#1,":7,3)1 .3$ !"#"$ 12 8$% 0)3$9%":7,1 327 ,=,%#,"/) 3$% .%7,3)1"/?,.#)1 &' )3$µ10+ 510)/&µ), ,7: µ, 32 5,63,"2 8)"!*")($ 8"$.3)3,6,1 3) /51) 3) .&µ)3,/). F818=@$7, .3$ !"#"$ 22§2, $"/?,3)1 +31 51! 7+µ$% 0)#$"/?$73)1 $1 *,710$/ +"$1 ,"*)./)' .%µ8=2"$6µ,7$1 %8+ 3&7 51’ ,=,%#@"&7 51)8")*µ)3,6.,&7 .%7)83+µ,7&7 .%==$*10:7 .%µ<!.,&7 ,"*)./)'40 0)1 ., 8,"/83&.2 )8$3%9/)' )%3:7, )8+ 3$%' 51) 51)132./)' 3,#,1µ@7$%' 0)7+7,'.

40 F5: <=@8$%µ, 3$ 510)/&µ) .3$ .%7510)=/?,.)1 )8+ 327 )3$µ104 3$% !8$G2. B, !==) =+*1) 0!#, ,"*)?+µ,7$' @9,1 510)/&µ) 7) .%µµ,3@9,1 ., .%7510)=1.310@' $"*)7:.,1' 0)1 7) ,1.(@",1 .’ )%3@' )7!=$*) µ, 32 <$6=2.2 0)1 31' 10)7+323,' 3$%.

17

!" #$%$" 23 &'()*+, ,-.)/.0(1&- 2* )34,-5.0-)2-56 &0&3%&$(. 5.- 2*4 .4&µ'7,-)2* #)5*)* µ8)9 .326+ 294 )34./:4 µ’ .326 ,-5.-9µ#294. ;2)- "0"50*$:4&2.- " 5<50"+ '$")2.)(.+ 2"3 )34,-5.0-)µ"<: )9µ.2&-.56 &0&3%&$(., )9µ.2&-.56 .32"4"µ(., )34,-5.0-)2-56 &0&3%&$(. 5.- )34,-5.0-)2-56 ,$#)*. = ,&<2&$* '.$#>$./"+ 2"3 (,-"3 #$%$"3 8?&- '$"@08A&-+ >-. 2*4 .'&$>(., 5.($-. µ"$/6 )34,-5.0-)2-56+ ,$#)*+. = .'&$>(. &'-'$")%829+ ,-.5*$<))&2.- 9+ «,-5.(9µ.» >-. '$:2* /"$# 5.- "$(1"42.- "- @.)-5"( 7$"- 4"µ-µ72*2#+ 2*+. B'()*+, .'.>"$&<&2.- )& "$-)µ84&+ 5.2*>"$(&+ * .'&$>(. 5.- '$"@08'&2.- ,34.272*2. '&$-"$-)µ"< 2"3 ,-5.-:µ.2"+ .32"< >-. #00&+. C )*µ.42-57+ .327+ .$-%µ7+ >&4-5:4 5.- &-,-5:4 )342.>µ.2-5:4 ,-.2#D&94, "- "'"(&+ #µ&). 5.- .'"2&0&)µ.2-5# ,-.)?(1"34 5.- &'*$&#1"34 2" '&,(" 2"3 &$>.2-5"< ,-5.("3, ./&47+ ,*µ-"3$>"<4 '08"4 5.- )342.>µ.2-57 &$>.2-57 ,(5.-" 5.- ./&28$"3 07>9 2*+ .3D*µ84*+ 23'-56+ -)?<"+ 2"3+ )2.%&$"'"-"<4 4"µ-5# 5.- 5"-494-5# 2"3+ %&)µ"<+ 2"3+. 2.2.2 !" #$%µ&'()* +%,"%-µ"." ./0 µ%12/.-0 E'7 2"4 5.2#0">" 294 .2"µ-5:4 5.- 5"-494-5:4 ,-5.-9µ#294, '$"5<'2"34 5.- "$-)µ84. &'-µ8$"3+ ,-5.-:µ.2. '"3 '$")2.2&<"34 2"3+ µ-)%92"<+ )2*$-17µ&4. .5$-@:+ )2*4 -,-72*2# 2"3+ 9+ µ-)%92:4 5.- '"3 µ'"$"<4 4. &52-µ*%"<4 9+ %&µ&0-:,* &$>.)-.5# ,-5.-:µ.2., 5$()-µ. >-. 2*4 3'7)2.)* 5.- 2*4 5.%*µ&$-46 0&-2"3$>(. 294 &$>.)-.5:4 )?8)&9441. !. )*µ.42-572&$. .'7 2. ,-5.-:µ.2. .32# &(4.- 2" ,-5.(9µ. '$.>µ.2-56+ .'.)?70*)*+, 2" ,-5.(9µ. )2* %8)* &$>.)(.+ ('"3 8?&- 2. &'-µ8$"3+ ,-5.-:µ.2. .) ,-.26$*)*+, @) ,-5.(9µ. )2" .µ&2#@0*2" 5.- >) ,-5.(9µ. .'7 2* %8)* &$>.)(.+), 2" ,-5.(9µ. &'.>>&0µ.2-56+ .4#'23D*+, 2" ,-5.(9µ. ()*+ µ&2.?&($-)*+ 5.- 2" ,-5.(9µ. )2*4 '$")9'-572*2.. 2.2.2.1 3%,"4/µ" $'"5µ".%,6* 7$"189:;1;* !" ,-5.(9µ. .327 5.0<'2&2.- .'7 2" #$%$" 22§1 5.- '$"),(,&- "3)-.)2-57 '&$-&?7µ&4" )2" ,-5.(9µ. 2*+ &$>.)(.+. C3)-.)2-5# )2"?&<&- )2*4 '$.>µ.2-56 5.- 7?- '0.)µ.2-56 .'.)?70*)* 2"3 &$>.1"µ84"3. ;?&- .'"526)&- .32"2&06 3'7)2.)* )2. '0.()-. 2*+ )3µ@.2-56+ )?8)*+ µ-)%92"< – &$>",72*. F.)-5#, .4 5.- '$"5<'2&- .'7 2*4 844"-. 2*+ )<µ@.)*+ &D.$2*µ84*+ &$>.)(.+ 72- " &$>.17µ&4"+ 3'"?$&"<2.- 4. '.$8?&- 2*4 &$>.)(. 2"3 5.- " &$>",72*+ 2" µ-)%7 2"3, '$"5<'2&- .'7 2-+ >&4-58+ .$?8+ >-. 2-+ .µ/"2&$"@.$&(+ )3µ@#)&-+ 72- &'-'08"4 " &$>",72*+ 3'"?$&"<2.- 4. ,8?&2.- 2*4 &$>.)(. '"3 2"3 '.$8?&- " µ-)%927+. = .'","?6 .326 2*+ &$>.)(. '$8'&- 4. >(4&2.- )2. '0.()-. 294 )3µ'&/94*µ8494 .'7 2* )<µ@.)* '.$"?:4 5.- )& 5.µ-# '&$('29)* ,&4 '$8'&- 4. &(4.- '0.)µ.2-56. 2.2.2.2 3%,"4/µ" 1.; 2&1; #'5"14"* G& 2*4 &$>.)(. " µ-)%927+ &D.)/.0(1&- 2* )2.%&$72*2. 2*+ .'.)?70*)6+ 2"3, .'"52# @&@.-72*2. 5.- 7?- .4.)/#0&-. >-. 2" µ800"4. C (,-"+ 0"-'74 8?&- 2" ,-5.(9µ. 4. '.$.µ84&- )2* %8)* &$>.)(.+ '"3 2"3 '.$.,(,&2.- 5.- '.$#00*0. 4. .'"0.µ@#4&- µ-. )&-$# ,-5.-9µ#294 '"3 .'"$$8"34 .'7 2* %8)* .326. !. ,-5.-:µ.2. 2"3 &$>.1"µ84"3 '"3 .'"$$8"34 .'7 2" ,-5.(9µ. )2* %8)* &$>.)(.+ (5.- .327 2" ,-5.(9µ. @.)(1&2.- )2" #$%$" 22§1) &(4.- 2. .570"3%.:

41 HEIEHE!JEK=J, LEIMNHEJ, E2"µ-57 B$>.2-57 M(5.-" (1995), )&0.248

18

- !"#$%&µ$ !"$'()*+*, '*, -.+*, #$" /)0+'$+%$, $/1 '", 0µ$!"#., $/023+4", (5('*µ$ /06 -$ 474'8+06µ4 /$)$#8'&). 9, :4;"#1'4)0 #$" <$)$#'*)"+'"#1 =$";1µ4;0 -$ /)./4" ;$ -4&)*-4% '0 :4:0;1, 1'" 120 #$" +4 /4)"++1'4)4, µ4:824, 4/"<4")(+4", (')8/454,, 4/"<4")(+4", #0";(, &=.24"$, #.0.#.) #$-"4)>;4'$" 0 -4+µ1, '*, µ0;"µ1'*'$, '&; µ"+-&'>;. ?4 /)[email protected]", +'06, #$;0;"+µ03, ( '06, 0):$;"+µ03, '06, #$-0)%54'$" 1)"0 *2"#%$, –%!"0 :"$ 8;!)4, #$" :6;$%#4,- :"$ '*; $/0<>)*+* $/1 '*; 6/*)4+%$, +6;(-&, +4 +6;!6$+µ1 µ4 0)"+µ.;$ <)1;"$ 6/*)4+%$, #$" µ4 !6;$'1'*'$ $/126+*, µ1;0 :"$ 0)"+µ.;06, #$" +/06!$%06, 21:06,. B*µ4%$ '$ 0/0%$ 4;"+<306; '0 !"#$%&µ$ $6'1 '*, 4):$+%$, 4%;$": $) 0 µ4'$+<*µ$'"+µ1, 0)"+µ.;06 <)1;06 +6µ@8+4", 4):$+%$, +4 $0)%+'06, 1'$; 0 #$-0)"+µ1, '*, !"8)#4"8, '06, !4 !"#$"020:4%'$" $/1 '* =3+* '*, 4):$+%$, #$" '0 +#0/1 '*, 4#µ4'82246+*,, @) * $;'0<( '*, 4):$+"$#(, +<.+*,, 1'$; $;$+'.224'$" µ1;0 * 24"'06):%$ '*,, +3µ=&;$ µ4 '", 4"!"#., !"$'874", #$" '* ;0µ020:%$, <&)%, 1µ&, ;$ 23;4'$" * %!"$, :) * !"$'()*+* '*, 4):$+"$#(, +<.+*, #$" '*, -.+4&, '06 µ"+-&'03 +4 /4)%/'&+* µ4'$@02(, '06 /)0+>/06 '06 4):0!1'* #$" !) '0 !"#$%&µ$ '06 µ"+-&'03 ;$ $/05*µ">;4'$" 1'$; $/0234'$" #$" * 4"!"#( )3-µ"+* '*, $/05*µ">+4&, @8+4" 6/020:"+µ03 '06 <)1;06 /$)0<(, '*, 4):$+%$,42.

- !"#$%&µ$ +'0 $µ4'8@2*'0 '*, -.+*, 4):$+%$,. C /)0+'$+%$ :"$ '* !"$'()*+* '*, -.+*, 4):$+%$, !4 -$ ('$; 020#2*)&µ.;* $; 0 4):0!1'*, 4%<4 '* !6;$'1'*'$ ;$ $22854" 1/&, -.24" '06, 1)06, '*, 4):$+%$,. D/1 '$ !"#$">µ$'$ /06 /)0#3/'06; $/1 '* -.+* '06, 0 µ"+-&'1, .<4" 4320:0 62"#1 #$" *-"#1 +6µ=.)0; ;$ µ*; #";!6;434" $/1 $6-$%)4'4, µ4'$@02., +'", 0/0%4, 4;!.<4'$" ;$ /)0@4% 0 4):0!1'*,.

- !"#$%&µ$ $/1 '* -.+*. E µ"+-&'1, /06 #$'.<4" -.+* +4 4#µ4'82246+*, .<4" #$" '$ !"#$">µ$'$ /06 '0; +6;0!4306;. F$ #6)"1'4)$ $/1 $6'8 4%;$" '0 !"#$%&µ$ +4 $/$+<12*+* µ4 .):$ /06 ;$ $)µ1506; +'* -.+* '06 #$" '0 !"#$%&µ$ +'", $/0!0<., /06 0)%50;'$" $/1 $6'(;.

2.2.2.3 !"#$%&µ$ '($))'*µ$+"#,- $.$(+/0'&- #$" (123425 B'0 !"#$%&µ$ $6'1 +6µ/4)"2$µ@8;4'$" #$" 0 -4+µ1, '&; /)0$:&:>; –/06 .<4" $)<%+4" ;$ $;$/'3++4'$" #$" +4 4/"<4")(+4", #0";(, &=.24"$,, ')8/454,, µ4:824, 4/"<4")(+4", #.0.#.- 1/&, 4/%+*, #$" -.µ$'$ +&+'(, #$" $µ4)12*/'*, '0/0-4'(+4&, '06 /)0+&/"#03 +4 -.+4", #$" $;$-.+4&, #$-*#1;'&; 1/&, #$" µ4'$#%;*+( '06 +'$ !"8=0)$ 'µ(µ$'$ '*, 4#µ4'$2243+4&,. F0 !"#$%&µ$ $6'1 -82/4'$" $/1 '$ 8)-)$ 2§1 #$" 5. 2.2.2.4 !"#$%&µ$ %67- µ'+$8'%1"67- F0 !43'4)0 4!8="0 '*, §1 '06 8)-)06 22 0)%54" 1'" «120" 0" 4):$51µ4;0", $;478)'*'$ $/1 =320 ( 822* !"8#)"+*, .<06; !"#$%&µ$ %+*, $µ0"@(, :"$ /$)0<( 4):$+%$, %+*, $7%$,». G+* $µ0"@( :"$ /$)0<( 4):$+%$, %+*, $7%$, 4)µ*;434'$" µ4 !60 ')1/06, #$'8 '* :;>µ* µ06: $) 1'" 0 4):0!1'*, :"$ 4):$+%$ /< 3 &)>; -$ !>+4" '* +6µ=&;*µ.;* $µ0"@( :"$ 4):$+%$ 3 &)>; #$" @) 1'" 0 4):0!1'*, +4 #8-4

42 @2. #$" HDIDHDFBDJCB, KDILMHDB, D'0µ"#1 N):$'"#1 L%#$"0 (1995), +42250, $;$=0)"#8 µ4 '* 24:1µ4;* «$/05*µ%&+* 21:& $)<$"1'*'$,». H$'’ 06+%$; 0 4):$51µ4;0, /06 4%;$" $)<$"1'4)0, /$%);4" 6A*21'4)* $/05*µ%&+* $/1 '0 ;41'4)0.

19

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20

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21

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27

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28

!"# 2 $#"%&'()# *+ ,-"./#+ *01 "2"%!"."1 3)/µ#!41, -)#*+5&%#!41 !"# )&%"-)#"!41 36&'!#/01 *+5 /52$#!"-#/*#!+7 $#!"#8µ"*+1. 9*/# ,&+/*"*)7)*"# 0 7,"&:0, "2):"&*0/." $&'/01 -",+!-).+2*"1 *02 7,"&:0 !"# $&'/0 *62 ",+!"-+7µ)262 «!.*&#262» /52$#!'*62- !"# "5*+2+µ." *01 /52$#!"-#/*#!41 +&%'26/01 ",; *+ !&'*+1 !"# *+2 !+#262#!; "2*"%62#/µ;, *+ /52$#!"-#/*#!; ,-+5&"-#/µ;, *0 $0µ+!&"*#!4 $+µ4 !"# -)#*+5&%." *01 /52$#!"-#/*#!41 +&%'26/01, *0 /5--+%#!4 "5*+2+µ." µ) *+51 3)/µ+71 *01, *0 /5--+%#!4 $#",&"%µ'*)5/0, *0 /5--+%#!4 /7µ<"/0 !"# $#"#*0/.", *0 /52$#!"-#/*#!4 $&'/0 /*02 ),#=).&0/0, *0 /5µµ)*+=4 *62 µ#/36*82 /*02 +&%'26/0 !"# -)#*+5&%." *01 )!µ)*'--)5/01 !"# /*0 $#"µ;&(6/0 *62 +#!+2+µ#!82 ",+('/)62 *01 ),#=).&0/01 !"# –*>-+1- !"3#)&82+2*"1 *+ $&"/*#!;*)&+ /5--+%#!; – /5µµ)*+=#!; «;,-+», *02 ",)&%.". ?" /52$#!'*" >=+52 -+#,;2 *0 $#"!&#*#!4 )5=>&)#" 2" ),#->:+52 *02 *"!*#!4, *+51 /*;=+51 !"# *" µ>/" ,+5 3" =&0/#µ+,+#4/+52 ,&+!)#µ>2+5 2" ),#$#8:+52 *+51 /!+,+71 *+51, )28 *+ /52$#!"-#/*#!; $#!".6µ" ):#/+&&+,). *0 3>/0 #/=7+1 *+5 )&%+$;*0 µ) "5*4 *62 /52$#!'*62. ?>-+1, /0µ)#82+5µ) ,61 +#"$4,+*) ),.!-0/0 %)2#!82 4 !+#262#!82 /5µ()&;2*62 $) 2+µ#µ+,+#). !',+#+5 ).$+51 «2+µ+3)*#!4» ,"&>µ<"/0 ,+5 2" +$0%). /*02 ",+&&73µ#/0 *62 /=>/)62 )&%"/."1. 2.4.2.1 !"#$%&'(%)*%&+ $,-). )*.# /0%123,.). (0,4)*')3' &'% 5,%') @,61 ,&+"2"(>&"µ) 0 ),#=).&0/0 ",+*)-). A6*#!; =8&+ %#" *02 "2',*5:0 *01 ,&+/6,#!;*0*"1 *62 )&%"A+µ>262 !"# *02 ):"/('-#/0 $52"µ#!41 /52$#!"-#/*#!41 $&'/01. B5/*"*#!; /*+#=).+ '--6/*) *01 $52"µ#!41 *+5 /52$#!"-#/*#!+7 $#!"#8µ"*+1 ).2"# 0 $52"*;*0*" '/!0/41 *+5 )!). ;,+5 –/7µ(62" µ) *#1 *"!*#!>1 !"# /*&"*0%#!>1 *+5 /52$#!'*+5- ),0&)'A+2*"# !"# $#"!5<)7+2*"# *" /5µ(>&+2*" *62 µ#/36*82. C:.A)# ),#,->+2 2" ),#/0µ'2+5µ) ;*# + «=8&+1 $+5-)#'1» /5%!&+*). *+ ,&6*"&=#!; ,)$.+ ;,+5 ),#<'--)*"# 2" ,&+/*"*)7)*"# 0 /52$#!"-#/*#!4 $&'/0. D.2"# $)$+µ>2+ '--6/*) ;*# /*" µ>&0 ;,+5 "2","&'%)*"#, "/!).*"# !"# )2 *>-)# +-+!-0&82)*"# 0 )&%"/." ).2"# *" µ>&0 ;,+5 5(./*"*"# !"# $#"µ'=0 "2'µ)/" /*+51 «!+#262#!+71 )*".&+51»63, %)%+2;1 ,+5 !"3#/*' ),#*"!*#!4 *0 $#"/('-#/0 *01 $52"*;*0*"1 %#" /5--+%#!4 /5/,).&6/0, *":#!4 "--0-)%%70 !"# /52$#!"-#/*#!4 $&'/0. 9*/# /5µ,)&".2+5µ) ;*# !"# 0 .$#" 0 "5*; !"3"5*; «),#=).&0/0» "24!)# /*+2 ,5&42" *+5 /52*"%µ"*#!' ,&+/*"*)5;µ)2+5 /52$#!"-#/*#!+7 $#!"#8µ"*+1 *;/+ 61 ),.,)$+ '/!0/01 *01 /52$#!"-#/*#!41 $&'/01, ;/+ !"# 61 ,"&'%+2*"1 ,&+/$#+&#/µ+7 *62 /5%!)!&#µ>262 "2"%!".62 µ+&(82, ,)&#)=+µ>262 !"# µ>/62 '/!0/41 *01. C5*; /0µ".2)# ;*#:

63 E) *+2 ;&+ "5*; )22++7µ) !"*' <'/0 *+51 )&%"A;µ)2+51 µ) *+2 )&%+$;*0. F #/=71 "5*41 *01 $52"µ#!41 ,+#!.--)# "2'-+%" µ) *+ µ>%)3+1 *01 ),#=).&0/01 !"# *+ <"3µ; ",+!>2*&6/01 *01 !)2*&#!41 $#+.!0/01 ",; *+51 =8&+51 ;,+5 %.2)*"# 0 )&%"/.". G'*# *>*+#+ /5µ<".2)# /*#1 ,)&#,*8/)#1 ;,+5 5(./*"*"# +µ#-+,+.0/0. D.*) 61 /52>,)#" "2"$#'&36/01 µ#"1 )%=8&#"1 ),#=).&0/01, ).*) 61 ,&"!*#!4 µ) /!+,; *+ µ>%#/*+ $52"*; !>&$+1, µ#" ,+-5)32#!4 ),#=).&0/0 >=)# *;/+ 3)*#!' ;/+ !"# "&20*#!' ",+*)->/µ"*" /*#1 /=>/)#1 )&%"/."1. C,; *0 µ#" ,-)5&' 3" µ,+&+7/) !'--#/*" 2" ",+*)->/)# >2" «µ+=-; "2',*5:01» $)$+µ>2+5 ;*# $0µ#+5&%). 2>)1 3>/)#1 )&%"/."1, ",; *02 '--0 ,-)5&' ;µ61 3" µ,+&+7/"µ) 2" *+ 3)6&4/+5µ) !"# >2" µ;&(6µ" ,+5 µ) *02 ",+!)2*&6*#!4 *'/0 ,+5 5(./*"*"# –!5&.61 /*#1 35%"*&#!>1 ),#=)#&4/)#1, "2 !"# )(;/+2 µ#-'µ) %#" !'3)*+ ;µ#-+ ),#=)#&4/)62 ,+5 ).2"# !"# 0 µ+&(4 ,+5 ","2*'*"# /5=2;*)&"- +$0%). /*0 µ).6/0 !"# )2$)=+µ>261 /*02 )!µ0$>2#/0 *01 $#",&"%µ"*)5*#!41 #/=7+1 *62 )&%"A+µ>262.

29

- ! "!µ!#$%&' () *+µ,- .)/0.%1(& 2)" $3), %! 2,*+01µ+ "+ +.!()0(), %,' ).,3),/4(),' +.5 %! .)20! -(*&(&' %!6 (6"2,*+7,(%,*!8 2,*+,9µ+%!', !8%) *+, "+ 26(3)/-"), %&" -(*&(4 %!6 (’ +6%$'

- !, (6"2,*+7,(%,*$' 2/-(),' .!6 +:,9"!6" %&" +"!34 %!6 )/;!25%& )0"+, 26"+%$' *+, 31/0' "!µ!#)%,*4 ./5<7)=&64

- *+, %$7!' 5%, !, µ!/>$' (6"2,*+7,(%,*4' 2/-(&' .!6 +:,9"!6" +.5 %!" )/;!25%& #)%,*4 )"$/;),+, +.+,%!8" "!µ!#)%,*4 )")/;!.!0&(& .!6 µ.!/)0 "+ )0"+, +"%,*)0µ)"! +;1",(%,*4' 2,)*20*&(&'

?.5 %+ .+/+.-"1 2,+.,(%9"!6µ) 5%, & .+/+39/&(& .3 (6;*)*/,µ$"!6 39/!6 +.5 %!" )/;!25%& (%! (6"2,*-%! ./!*),µ$"!6 ;,+ "+ µ.!/)0 )6*!75%)/+ "+ +(*)0 %,' 2/+(%&/,5%&%$' %!6, & 26"+%5%&%+ 2,+"!µ4' >677+201" 4 +"+/%4()1' +"+*!,"9()1" (%!" .0"+*+ +"+*!,"9()1" –.!6 ! )/;!25%&' <-(), %!6 ".1264/1982 $3), 6.!3/$1(& "+ .+/$3), (%,' (6"2,*+7,(%,*$' !/;+"9(),'- 4 & ;)",*5%)/& 6.!3/$1(& +"!34' +.5 %!" )/;!25%& %1" .+/+.-"1 4 +"%0(%!,31" µ) %,' .+/+.-"1 ./-:),' +.!%)7)0 <+(,*5 *+, *8/,! #)µ$7,! %!6 (677!;,*!8 (6"2,*+7,(%,*!8 2,*+,9µ+%!', )"9 .+/-77&7+ () *-#) .)/0.%1(& +"+2),*"8)%+, & %-(& ./!(%+(0+' %1" (6"2,*+7,(%,*9" 2,*+,1µ-%1" (%! )(1%)/,*5 %&' ).,3)0/&(&'. @! 2,*+01µ+ (6"2,*+7,(%,*4' 2/-(&' )"%5' %&' ).,3)0/&(&' µ.!/)0 "+ +"+76#)0 () 26! ).,µ$/!6' <+(,*- (%!,3)0+: %! #)µ)7,+*5 2,*+01µ+ .7&/!>5/&(&' *+, ./!($7*6(&' "$1" µ)79" +>)"5' *+, (%! 2,*+01µ+ (6µµ)%!3,*4' .+/$µ<+(&' %1" µ,(#1%9" (%&" !/;-"1(& *+, 7),%!6/;0+ %&' ).,3)0/&(&'. @+ .+/+.-"1 26! #)µ)7,92& (%!,3)0+ *+#,)/9"!6" +(>+7,(%,*$' 2,*7)02)' ./!*),µ$"!6 ;,+ %&" ./!(%+(0+ %!6 (677!;,*!8 (6"2,*+7,(%,*!8 2,*+,9µ+%!', %! !.!0! !/,!#)%)0%+, +.5 %! ):0(!6 (6"%+;µ+%,*- ./!(%+%)65µ)"! 2,*+01µ+ %!6 )/;!25%& %&' «,2,!*%&(0+' %1" µ$(1" .+/+;1;4'», <-(), %1" -/#/1" 17§1 *+, 106§3. 2.4.2.1.1 !"#$%&µ$ '()*+,-*).)/ #$" '*+.0(#1.)/ 20&3 µ4(53 A0"+, ;);!"5' 5%, & )*./!(9.&(& %!6 )/;+B!µ$"!6 ;0")%+, +.5 %,' (6"2,*+7,(%,*$' !/;+"9(),'. C/$.), 5µ1' "+ %!",(%)0 5%, 42& (%& #$(& +6%4 !, (6"%+;µ+%,*- ./!(%+%)65µ)"!, >!/)0' %&' (6"2,*+7,(%,*4' 2/-(&' )0"+, %5(! & ).,3),/&(,+*4 5(! *+, & ):1).,3),/&(,+*4 (6"2,*+7,(%,*4 !/;-"1(&, +"):-/%&%+ +.5 %! ;);!"5' %!6 +" $3), 4 53, µ$7& %+ !.!0+ +"4*!6" (%! ./!(1.,*5 %&' (6;*)*/,µ$"&' ).,3)0/&(&'. ?6%5 <$<+,+ () *+µ,- .)/0.%1(& 2)" ./$.), "+ µ+' *-"), "+ (*)>%!8µ) 5%, %! D8"%+;µ+ %&' A77-2+' +.!*7)0), %&" 8.+/:& *+, 2/-(& -771" (677!;,*9" >!/$1" .!6 )*>/-B!6" %+ (6µ>$/!"%+ %1" )/;+B!µ$"1" )"%5' %&' ).,3)0/&(&'. E 26"+%5%&%+ )*./!(9.&(&' %1" )/;+B!µ$"1" (%&" ).,3)0/&(& µ$(1 %1" (6"2,*-%1" 4 ;)",*5%)/+ %1" (6"2,*+7,(%,*9" !/;+"9()1" +.!%)7)0 )63$/),+ *+, () *+µ,- .)/0.%1(& 6.!3/$1(& %!6 )/;+B!µ$"!6 "+ )*./!(1.)0%+, +.5 %& (6"2,*+7,(%,*4 !/;-"1(&. E )*./!(9.&(& +6%4 ;0")%+, +.5 +,/)%- 5/;+"+ %1" µ)79" %1" (6"2,*-%1" ().0 %!8%!6 <7. *+, (6;*)*/,µ$"+ ".1767/1988). C/!*),µ$"!6 5µ1' "+ )*./!(1.)6#)0 µ) %!" .7$!" +.!%)7)(µ+%,*5%)/! %/5.! ! )/;+B5µ)"!' )"%5' %&' ).,3)0/&(&' *+, & 2,+./+;µ+%)6%,*4 %!6 ,(38' "+

64 F. @G?HIJD – @K?LA@?@JD, D6"2,*+7,(%,*4 F/-(& (%&" A.,3)0/&(& *+, D8"%+;µ+ (1984), ()7.35, 5.!6 !/0B!"%+, %$%!,)' µ!/>$' (6"2,*+7,(%,*4' 2/-(&' .!6 +:,9"!6" %&" +"!34 )* µ$/!6' %!6 )/;!25%& *+, )0"+, 73 & 2,+"!µ4 )"%8.1", & !/;-"1(& %$%!,1" (6;*)"%/9()1" %!6 ./!(1.,*!8 ;,+ (6B4%&(& B&%&µ-%1" .!6 %!6' +>!/!8", & ./!($7*6(& "$1" µ)79" *7.. A.,.7$!" ./<7. 16(%.6".1264/1982

30

!"#$% &'&(%$ )*&! #$ '+!% &,# %-$#.&,&$ /*-,*,0 1"!*,0 *&(# !23(4.&,65 -$% 4%!-4"-,*,0 !5#(6-.&!27# .27# !23$*"$0, , *5#4%-$8%*&%-9 (23/#7*, :$ 12'1!% #$ +$2$-&,2";!&$% $1. *5#(+9, %*+< -$% µ$;%-.&,&$. = 4%$*>/8%*, &,0 51.*&$*,0 -$% 8!%&(523"$0 &,0 *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 (23/#7*,0 $1(&!8!" 4%$42$µ$&";!% $1(>$*%*&%-. 2.8( *&,# $1(&!8!*µ$&%-9 $#/1&5?, &,0 *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 42/*,0. @! /88$ 8.3%$, , %-$#.&,&$ &,0 *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 (23/#7*,0 #$ 12(A/8!% -$% #$ !1%&<+!% &(50 *5#4%-$8%*&%-(<0 *&.+(50 &,0, *53-2(&!" '#$ :!µ!8%$-. *&(%+!"( &(5 *5#4%-$8%*&%-(< 4%-$%)µ$&(0 -$% !1(µ'#70 '#$ (23$#%-. -(µµ/&% &(5 *5#&$3µ$&%-/ 12(*&$&!5(µ'#(5 1529#$ &(5. @! &,# %-$#.&,&$ -$% $1(&!8!*µ$&%-.&,&$ &,0 *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 (23/#7*,0 !"#$% /µ!*$ *5#4!µ'#, -$% , 45#$&.&,&$ !#"*+5*90 &,0 µ! 'µB5+( 58%-., 12(*'8-5*,0 4,8$49 -$% !332$>90 #'7# µ!8)#. C"#$% /887*&! 4!4(µ'#( 170 .*( &( 45#$&.# 1!2%**.&!2$ µ'8, '+!% &( *5#4%-/&(, &.*( µ!3$8<&!2(0 :$ !"#$% -$% ( $2%:µ.0 &7# !23$;(µ'#7# &,0 !1%+!"2,*,0 1(5 :$ !-12(*71!" -$% &.*( $1(&!8!*µ$&%-.&!2, :$ !"#$% , 42/*, &(566. D%$ #$ !"#$% .µ70 -$% *&,# 12/?, !>%-&9 $5&(< &(5 !"4(50 , !#"*+5*,, :$ 12'1!% #$ !"#$% 4%$*>$8%*µ'#, , 45#$&.&,&$ !1%-(%#7#"$0 &(5 *5#4%-/&(5 µ! &( 12(*71%-. &,0 !1%+!"2,*,0 -$% !#,µ'27*90 &(5 *+!&%-/ µ! &( 12(*71%-. &,0 !1%+!"2,*,0, &( 12.32$µµ$ &7# !23$*%)#, &, 42/*, &(5 -$% &(50 *&2$&,3%-(<0 &(5 *&.+(50. = 18,2(>.2,*, 8(%1.# -$% , 12(*'8-5*, #'7# µ!8)# *5#:'&(5# µ%$ «4%$8!-&%-9 !#.&,&$» 1(5 $1(&!8!" µ%$ A$*%-9 12(E1.:!*, 3%$ &,# /*-,*, *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 42/*,0 -$% &,# 12$3µ/&7*, &(5 *5#4%-$8%*&%-(< 4%-$%)µ$&(0 *&,# !1%+!"2,*,. F&*% , 45#$&.&,&$ 18,2(>.2,*,0 -$% «*&2$&(8.3,*,0»67 #'7# µ!8)# -$8<1&!&$% -$% $1. &( /2:2( 23§1 &(5 *5#&/3µ$&(0. G'A$%$, , 12(*&$&!5&%-9 $5&9 $*1"4$ &(5 /2:2(5 23 -$8<1&!% .8!0 &%0 µ(2>'0 *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 42/*,0 1(5 *5µA/88(5# *,µ$#&%-/ *&,# !#"*+5*, -$% $1(&!8!*µ$&%-.&,&$ &,0 *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 (23/#7*,0. G'A$%$ 4!# $1(*!"(#&$% -/1(%!0 #(µ(:!&%-'0 1$2!µA/*!%0, (% (1("!0 7*&.*( 8.37 &,0 ><*!70 -$% &,0 4(µ90 &(5 *5#4%-$8%*&%-(< 4%-$%)µ$&(0 4!# '+(5# 127&$2+%-/ 25:µ%*&%-.-(23$#7&%-. +$2$-&92$. G'A$%$ (% #(µ(:!&%-'0 1$2!µA/*!%0 4! µ1(2(<# $#!µ1.4%*&$ #$ *5µ1%';(5# &,# /*-,*, -/:! µ(2>90 *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 (23/#7*,0 -$% 42/*,0 *&( +)2( &,0 !1%+!"2,*,0, $88/ -$% $1. &,# /88, 18!52/ ( 12(*4%(2%*µ.0 &(5 4%-$%)µ$&(0 $5&(< *&$ 18$"*%$ /*-,*90 &(5 !#&.0 &,0 !1%+!"2,*,0 '+!% $#/3-, $1. (2%(:!&9*!%0. H( 1!2%!+.µ!#( &,0 18,2(>.2,*,0 12(*!33";!&$% $1. &(# 12(*4%(2%*µ. &7# (2"7# µ'*$ *&$ (1("$ 12(*&$&!<!&$% $1. &( I<#&$3µ$ , 1(8%&%-9-*5#4%-$8%*&%-9 42/*, -$% , 1(8%&%-(1(",*, &(5 1!2%!+(µ'#(5 &,0 *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 !#,µ'27*,0. C"#$% *$>'0 .&% 12'1!% #$ 3"#!% 4%/-2%*, $#/µ!*$ *&, *5#4%-$8%*&%-9 (23/#7*, -$% *&,# 1(8%&%-9--(µµ$&%-9 (23/#7*,. = *5#4%-$8%*&%-9 (23/#7*, $1(&!8!" &( #(µ%-. 12.*71( %4%7&%-(< 4%-$"(5 &( (1("( '+(#&$0 70 µ'8, &(5 '#$#

65 J$:)0 '&*% -% $88%)0 &$ *5#4%-/&$ -$% 3!#%-.&!2$ (% *5#4%-$8%*&%-'0 (23$#)*!%0 $1(&!8(<# –A/*!% -(%#7#%(8(3%-90 12(*'33%*,0- «(µ/4!0 1"!*,0», A8. -$% DCKLDMNO PCGCQH=, I588(3%-. C23$&%-. R"-$%( (2, F-4(*, – 2007), *!8.35!1. 66 S887*&! -/:! *5#4%-$8%*&%-9 (23/#7*, *! µ%$# !1%+!"2,*, 12(*1$:!" #$ *53-!#&2)*!% 1!2%**.&!2$ µ'8,, -$:)0 *<µ>7#$ µ! &( #.1876/1990 , !1%+!%2,*%$-9 1+ *588(3%-9 *<µA$*, !23$*"$0 *5#/1&!&$% µ!&$?< &(5 !23(4.&, -$% &,0 *5#4%-$8%*&%-90 (23/#7*,0 &,0 !1%+!"2,*,0 1(5 '+!% &$ 1!2%**.&!2$ !#!23/ µ'8,. 67 N .2(0 $5&.0 +2,*%µ(1(%!"&$% -$% *&( *<332$µ$ 67 R. HLTOPNI – HUTQCHTHNI, I5#4%-$8%*&%-9 R2/*, *&,# C1%+!"2,*, -$% I<#&$3µ$ (1984), *!8.45

31

!"#$%$&'µ()* +&',µ- %&#+.*µ()/) (0%' 12 3")+1-121+ )+ 4&*5+6)%' !% !7)+82 !"99*#'$:) !"µ5;!%/) %&#+!6+<, 4&*+!46.*)1+< 1+ 3'$+':µ+1+ -9/) 1/) %&#+.*µ()/). =)16,%1+ 2 4*9'1'$>-$*µµ+1'$> *&#;)/!2, +4*1%9%6 ()+ ?%&(?/)* $;4*'*" $-µµ+1*< !1* %!/1%&'$- 12< %4'0%6&2!2<, 4&*!4+,:)1+< )+ %@+!?+96!%' %61% 8>?*"< !12< %4'$%6µ%)%< %$9*#(< (5*"9%"1'$(<, )*µ+&0'+$(< $*$), %61% )+ 3'+3:!%' 1'< '3%*9*#'$(< 4%4*',>!%'< 12< 4*9'1'$>< 4+&;1+@2< !12) *4*6+ +)>$%' > "4- 12) *4*6+ "4*$')%61+'. A&-$%'1+' --4/< +99':< +4*$+9%61+'68- !/µ+1%6* !")3'$+9'!1'$>< %)2µ(&/!2< $+' 4&*4+#;)3+<, 1* *4*6* !")3(%1+' µ% 1* 4&-#&+µµ+ $+' 12 3&;!2 1/) 4*9'1'$:) $*µµ;1/)69. B* ;&,&* 23 4&*!1+1%7%' 1'< !")3'$+9'!1'$(< *&#+):!%'< $+' -0' 1'< $*µµ+1'$(<. C4'49(*), +4- 1'< !")3'$+9'!1'$(< *&#+):!%'< +"1- $+,+"1- 4&(4%' )+ #6)%' 3%$1- -1' +4- 1* !7)1+#µ+ 4&*!1+1%7*)1+' µ-)* 1+ !")3'$;1+ %$%6)+, 1+ *4*6+ (0*") -)1/< 12) 4&-,%!2 %)6!0"!2< 12< ,(!%/< 1/) %&#+.*µ()/). C$1-< +4- 1+ !")3'$;1+ 4*" %@"42&%1*7) 4*9'1'$*7< > $+' 4*9'1'$*7< – $*µµ+1'$*7< !$*4*7<, "4;&0*") $+' !")3'$;1+ 4*" %@"42&%1*7) %&#*3*1'$*7< !$*4*7<. A&-$%'1+' #'+ 1+ +4*$+9*7µ%)+ «$61&')+ !")3'$;1+». D$*4-< 1*"< %6)+' 2 %)6!0"!2 12< ,(!%/< 1*" %&#*3-12 %61% µ% 12) %461%"@2 %)-< $96µ+1*< &+,"µ6+< !1*"< %&#+1'$*7< $7$9*"<, %61% µ% 12) "4*)-µ%"!2 1/) !")3'$+9'!1'$:) *&#+):!%/) 4*" %$4&*!/4*7) +µ'#:< %&#+!'+$; !"µ?(&*)1+. E+,6!1+1+' 9*'4-) !+?(< -1' 1* 4*9'1'$- !1*'0%6* 1*" !")3'$;1*" 4*" %6)+' ?*&(+< 1*" 3'$+':µ+1*< 12< 492&*?-&2!2< 3% ,+ 4&(4%' )+ +"1*)*µ%61+' $+' )+ 9%'1*"&#%6 +)%@;&121+ +4- 1+ %&#+!'+$; $+' $*')/)'$; !"µ?(&*)1+ 1*" µ'!,/1*7. F(5+'+, 9-#/ 12< ()1*)2< 4*9'1'$*4*62!2< 4*" 0+&+$12&6.%' 1*"< $7$9*"< 1/) %&#+.*µ()/) +?%)-< $+' 12< 4&*!4;,%'+< 4*99:) $*µµ;1/) )+ 4&*!+&µ-!*") +);9*#+ 1* 4%&'%0-µ%)* 1*" 4*9'1'$*7 1*"< !0%3'+!µ*7 4&*< 12) 49%"&; 1/) %&#+.*µ()/), "4%&+!4'.-µ%)*' µ% 1*) ()+) > 1*) ;99* 1&-4* 1+ 3'$+':µ+1+ 1/) 1%9%"1+6/) +?%1(&*", *3>#2!% !12 ,%/&21'$> +99; $+' 4&+$1'$> !0%1'$*4*62!2 12< %µ5(9%'+< 12< 3'+3'$+!6+< 12< in concreto )*µ'$>< +@'*9-#2!2< 1/) !$*4:) $+' 1*" 4%&'%0*µ()*" 1/) !")3'$+9'!1'$:) *&#+):!%/). F(5+'+, 4&*$%'µ()*" )+ "4;&@%' $;4*'* 49+6!'* 4&*!1+!6+< 1/) %&#+.*µ()/) $+' 1/) 3'$+'/µ;1/) 1*"<, 0&>!'µ* ,+ >1+) )+ (0*"µ% "4-82 µ+< $+' µ'+ 4&+$1'$> «,%&+4%6+<» 1/) 4%&'41:!%/) 4*9'1'$>< !")3'$+9'!1'$>< 3&;!2< %4'$+9*7µ%)*' 1* ;&,&* 14 4*" $+,'%&:)%' 12) 4&*!1+!6+ 12< %9%",%&6+< 12< #):µ2<. B+ µ(!+ ;!$2!2< 1*" 3'$+':µ+1*< +"1*7 %6)+' -9+ 1+ µ(!+ 1+ *4*6+ %6)+' '$+);, 4&-!?*&+ $+' +4*1%9%!µ+1'$; )+ *32#>!*") !12) %)2µ(&/!2 1/) %&#+.*µ()/) #'+ 12 !")3'$+9'!1'$> 3&;!2 12< *&#;)/!2<, #'+ 1*"< !1-0*"< 12< > +$-µ+ $+' #'+ 12) ;!$2!2 $&'1'$>< %);)1'+ !% ()+ %&#*3*1'$- µ(1&* > +$-µ2 $+'

68 G. BH=IJKD – BL=MCB=BKD, D")3'$+9'!1'$> G&;!2 !12) C4'0%6&2!2 $+' D7)1+#µ+ (1984), !%9.58 69 B(1*'*" %63*"< «3%!µ-<» "4;&0%' -1+) 1* !")3'$;1* +4%",7)%1+' !% ()+ 4*9'1'$- $-µµ+ '3'+61%&+ $+1; 1'< 4%&'-3*"< 4*" %6)+' 4+&+µ*)(< %$9*#:):

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32

!"#$%&'!#$() µ*#&+ #,- .+/$#$(0- %1+234!-70. 5! µ*3! !2#6 µ.+&%4 "! %4"!$ !.) !"6&#,3, .!") 3#," %.$7%4&,3, .+2 !"!'&68+2" #! !$#0µ!#! #9" %&'!:+µ*"9" 0 ;$!"+µ*- 82//!;49" (!$ !"6&#,3, !"!(+$"<3%9" 3% (%"#&$(6 3,µ%4! #,- %.$7%4&,3,- 3#! +.+4! 2.6&7%$ .4"!(!- !"!(+$"<3%9" –+ +.+4+- 2.+7&%9#$(6 .&*.%$ "! #+.+=%#%4#!$ !.) #+" %&'+;)#,-, µ*7&$ ;$(!49µ! %$3);+2 3#," %.$7%4&,3, %(.&+3<.9" %19%.$7%$&,3$!(+> 32";$(6#+2 (/7 µ$!- (/!;$(0- 32";$(!/$3#$(0- +&'6"93,-) !"%16&#,#! !.) #+ !" , +&'6"93, !2#0 *7%$ 0 )7$ µ*/, #,- 3#+ %39#%&$() #,- %.$7%4&,3,-. 2.4.2.1.2 !"#$%&µ$ '(µµ)*+,"#-. /$01µ2$'3. *&4 µ"'5&*64 '*34 +0784&'3 #$" 9)"*+(07%$ *3. )/",)%03'3. ?% #," .&+@/,µ!#$(0 #,- 32";$(!/$3#$(0- ;&63,- 3#," %.$7%4&,3, 32";*%#!$ 3#%"6 (!$ , !1493, #+2 32";$(6#+2 "! .!&%µ@!4"%$ 3#, ;$!µ)&893, #,- +&'6"93,- (!$ /%$#+2&'4!- #+2 7<&+2 !2#+>. A&)(%$#!$ '$! #," %(;0/93, #+2 .%&48,µ+2 ;$(!$<µ!#+- «32µµ%#+70- #9" µ$3=9#<" 3#$- %.$7%$&03%$-». B µ+&80 !2#0 32";$(!/$3#$(0- ;&63,- %(;,/<"%#!$ 9- ;$%(;4(,3, %")- 323#0µ!#+- 32µµ%#+70- %4#% !.) #+" %&'+;)#,, %4#% !.) #+" %&'+;)#, 3#! ./!43$! µ$!- 32//+'$(0- 3>µ@!3,-, %4#% !.) #+ C&6#+- 3#! ./!43$! µ$!- "+µ+=%#$(0- &>=µ$3,-. D.+#%/%4 ;% (!$ µ+&80 32";$(!/$3#$(0- ;&63,- , +.+4! %"#633%#!$ 3#, ;$!386/$3, (!$ .&+!'9'0 #9" +$(+"+µ$(<" (!$ %&'!3$!(<" 32µ8%&)"#9" #9" µ$3=9#<" (!$ .&+3#!#%>%#!$ 9- 32"!8*- .&+- #, 32";$(!/$3#$(0 %/%2=%&4! ;$(!49µ! 3#! ./!43$! #+2 6&=&+2 23. E*@!$! !"!8+&$(6 µ% #+ $37>+" "+µ+=%#$() (!=%3#<- #9" (!"+"$3µ<" %&'!34!- 3#+ 3,µ%4+ .+2 !) !1$<"%$ &2=µ$3#$(0 !.+(/%$3#$()#,#! #,- *""+µ,- #61,- 3#," %(µ%#6//%23, (!$ @) =%9&%4 #+" %&'+;)#, 9- #+ µ+"!;$() 8+&*! ;$!µ)&8930- #,-, .&+@/,µ!#4:%$ *"#+"! '$! #, 32"#!'µ!#$()#,#6 #+271. 2.4.2.1.3 :" +0"+5)*-')". *+( ;"#$"6µ$*+. $(*+< #$" + )07+;=*3. 5! ;$(!$<µ!#! #9" %&'!:+µ*"9" +&$+=%#+>"#!$ !.) #," «!"#4.!/, ;>"!µ,», ;,/!;0 #+" %&'+;)#,. F*'+"#!- '$! «%&'+;)#,», %""++>µ% #+ 823$() 0 "+µ$() .&)39.+ ("+µ$() .&)39.+ %4"!$ %&'+;)#,- 3#," .%&4.#93, .+2 .7 .&)(%$#!$ '$! %&'!:)µ%"+ .+2 !.!37+/%4#!$ 3% µ$!" !"<"2µ, %#!$&4! – %(%4 %&'+;)#,- /+'4:%#!$ #+ .&)39.+ #,- !%) .+2 *7%$ (!#+70 #9" µ*39" .!&!'9'0- (!$ 3>µ89"! µ% #+ ?!&1 «!"#$%&'(") (*& +$'#",-" (*. $"#"/0/1.». 5! ;$(!$<µ!#! #9" %&'!:+µ*"9" %4"!$ µ%" .+/> 3,µ!"#$(6 (!$ 32"#!'µ!#$(6 (!#+72&9µ*"!, #)3+ 3% !#+µ$() )3+ (!$ 3% 32//+'$() %.4.%;+, 93#)3+ '$! "! µ.+&*3+2µ% "! .&+3;$+&43+2µ% #+" !(&$@0 #&).+ 63(,30- #+2- =! .&*.%$ (!#’ !&76- "! ;%7#+>µ% )#$ .%&$+&4:+"#!$ !.) #+" %&'+;)#,. 5! ;$(!$<µ!#! #+2 %&'+;)#, %4"!$ !2#) #+2 6&=&+2 17§1 .+2 !8+&6 3#," $;$+(#,34! #9" µ*39" .!&!'9'0- (!$ #+2 9§1 !3>/+2 (!#+$(4!-, #+ +.+4+ %;<

70 C!=<- #+ 32";$(6#+ *7%$ (6=% ;$(!49µ! "! ./,&+8+&%4 #! µ*/, #+2 –(!$ )7$ µ)"+- '$! #$- !.)G%$- .+2 .&%3@%>%$ !"!8+&$(6 µ% (6.+$! %&'!#$(6 µ*#&! 0 '%"$()#%&! (2@%&",#$(6 µ*#&! #! +.+4! *7+2" 32"*.%$%- 3#+2- %&'!:)µ%"+2-. ?6//+" !2#) #+ .!&!.6"9 .&+3$;$6:%$ .%&$33)#%&+ 3% 2.+7&*93, !" (!$ %8)3+" #+ 32";$(6#+ =*/%$ "! %"%&'%4 +&=6 (!$ ;,µ+(&!#$(6 .!&6 3% ;$(!49µ!. 71 @/. %.4 #+>#+2 (!$ H. 5IDJFKL – 5MDNO5D5KL, L2";$(!/$3#$(0 H&63, 3#," O.$7%4&,3, (!$ L>"#!'µ! (1984), 3%/.72-73

33

!"!#$!%&!$'( #'( )$*& !"(+!%,*)*, -!.,/&$'0 1$( #'( * $!2!3$'%' '"4$!2!% 5&' +/,4 #'23"$1µ!&4 '"1 $4 6(#'%.µ' $43 ')7243. 84 9)324 $*0 !"(+!%,*)*0 )*µ'%&!( 1$( «6!& !"($,5"!$'( )! #'&5&'& $,%$4, µ* 5+4&$' !,:')%' )$4 +/,4 $*0 !"(+!%,*)*0 &' !()5,+!$'( )! '3$;&». <(4 '"29, !µ"46%=!( $*& !%)464 #9-! '$1µ43 $4 4"4%4 6! -!.,!%$'( !3",1)6!#$4 '"1 $4& !,:461$*. 84 6(#'%.µ' $*0 (6(4#$*)%'0 $.& µ5).& "',':.:;0, )*µ'%&!( >')(#9 1$( 4 !,:461$*0 µ"4,!% –!?1)4& 5+!( $*& (6(4#$*)%' $.& µ5).& "',':.:;0- &' ",4>'%&!( )! '22':50 $43 +/,43 !,:')%'0 #'$9 $* >472*); $43, )$' "2'%)(' $*0 :!&(#;0 ',+;0 $*0 !2!3-!,%'0 $43 #'( $*0 '&9"$3@*0 $*0 ",4)."(#1$*$90 $43. A$* «:!&(#; )+5)*», 24("1& "43 $4 !7,40 $.& 6(#'(.µ9$.& !%&'( $4 µ5:()$4 63&'$1 '3$1 !%&'( $4 >')(#1 )3&$':µ'$(#1 $430 "!,(!+1µ!&4. B(' $*& #'27$!,* 6('+!%,()* $43 =*$;µ'$40 '3$47, -' ",5"!( &' ",4>47µ! 1+( )! )$9-µ()*, 6!64µ5&43 1$( '"1 $* )$(:µ; "43 12!0 4( )3&$':µ'$(#50 6('$9@!(0 !%&'( $3"(#9 ()467&'µ!0 #'µ(9 '"1 '3$50 6! -' 3"!,()+7)!( $*0 922*0 )$* )$9-µ()*, '229 -' #9&43µ! 3"':.:;. C'$',+90, '"1 $*& "2!3,9 $43 !,:'=4µ5&43, $4 6(#'%.µ9 $43 )$4 )3&6(#'2%=!)-'( "43 )3&%)$'$'( "+ )$*& !%)464 )! 922* !"(+!%,*)* µ"4,!% &' !µ"46()$!% '"1 $4 6(#'%.µ' $43 !,:461$* $1)4 $43 ')7243 $*0 !"(+!%,*)*0, 1)4 #'( $*0 (6(4#$*)%'0 $.& µ5).& "',':.:;0. C'$',+;& ",1#!($'( :(' "!,(4,()µ1 #'( 1+( :(' '"2; !"%6,')*. C'$1"(&, 4 "!,(4,()µ10 '3$10 !@!(6(#!7!$'( )$*& '"':1,!3)* !()1643 )$* )3:#!#,(µ5&* !"(+!%,*)* #'( 1+( )$* :!&(#; !µ"16()* 9)#*)*0 $43 )3&6(#'2()$(#47 6(#'(/µ'$40 ",4)52#3)*0 &5.& µ!2/& )$4 )3&6(#9$4. D"1$! ",1#!($'( :(' !(6(#; )+5)*. E"1 !#!% #'( "5,' -' ",5"!( &' !25:@43µ! $4 6(#'%.µ' '&'?4,(#9 µ! $4 #4(&.&(#1 )7&424 #'( (6%.0 '&'?4,(#9 µ! $(0 ,;$,!0 $*0 &4µ(µ1$*$'0, $*0 #4(&.&(#1$*$'0 #'( $*0 +,*)$1$*$'0. 84 6(#'%.µ' !()1643 )$*& !"(+!%,*)* $43 «@5&43» !,:'=4µ5&43 -' ",5"!( &' ')#!%$'( µ! $5$4(4 $,1"4 "43 &' µ* >29"$!( $4 6(#'%.µ' $43 !,:461$* –&' µ*& "2;$$!( $4& "3,;&' $43 6(#'(/µ'$40 '3$47-. F' ",5"!( 24("1& &' ')#!%$'( #'$9 $,1"4 (1+( µ! ?')',%' "+ #'( '"46(4,:9&.)* $*0 !,:')%'0 )$*& !#9)$4$! !#µ!$922!3)*), $1"4 (4 !,:'=1µ!&40 6! -' "','>(9=!( +/,430 $*0 !"(+!%,*)*0 )$*& 4"4%' !()5,+!$'( "43 '"':4,!7!$'( * !%)4640 )$430 !,:'=4µ5&430 ; )! #9-! 9224 9$4µ4 µ* 5+4& !,:')%' )$430 +/,430 '3$470), !&/ "',922*2' * 6,9)* $43 -' ",5"!( &' :%&!$'( #'$9 $,1"4 "43 -' )5>!$'( $' +,*)$9 ;-* (6*2'6; 6! -' !()5,+!$'( "+ )$*& !"(+!%,*)* µ! ?32296(' "43 "!,(5+43& #!%µ!&' $' 4"4%' 63)?*µ%=43& $4& !,:461$* #'( $*& %6(' $*& !"(+!%,*)* +.,%0 #9"4(' >5>'(* 5&6!(@* '229 '"29 #'( µ1&4 :(' &' ",4#'25)43& !&$7".)* #'( &' µ"4,5)!( µ! $4& $,1"4 '3$1 * 4,:9&.)* &' ",4)!2#7)!( #'( 922' &5' µ52*. G! $4& %6(4 $,1"4 ",5"!( &' ",4)6(4,%=43µ! $4 "!,(!+1µ!&4 $43 6(#'(/µ'$40 $.& !,:'=4µ5&.& )! )3&9,$*)* µ! $4 '&$%)$4(+4 6(#'%.µ' $43 !,:461$*. 2.4.3 !µ"#$%&' ()*+,-.$' 2.4.3.1 /00*$", $-1*2$%3 41*$5.6" H%&'( #4(&10 $1"40 "254& 1$( * !3,."'I#; #4(&.&%' -!.,!% $4 =;$*µ' $*0 '"')+12*)*0 .0 $4 )"436'(1$!,4 '"1 $' ",4>2;µ'$' "43 '&$(µ!$."%=!( );µ!,'. C'( '3$1 !%&'( !724:4 '& 29>!( #'&!%0 3"1J* $43 $' 3J*29 "4)4)$9 '&!,:%'0 "43 #'$':,9?4&$'( )$(0 +/,!0 $*0 H3,."'I#;0 K&.)*0, $* )$'6('#; '&'",4)',µ4:; $.& "','64)('#/& µ4,?/& '"')+12*)*0 µ! $*& !"'::!2µ'$(#; '>!>'(1$*$' #'( '&')?92!(' "43 '3$; )3&!"9:!$'(, #'-/0 #'( $*& "','$!$'µ5&* 4(#4&4µ(#; #,%)*

34

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35

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36

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37

!"#$%&' ()"&' !*%+,$%)' µ$ #)-*)%-#&' )./0+$' %12) !*!()"-#3 µ$ %! 24µ(&")*%! %5* µ$%165* %5* 471 $840+!*2/ $7-6$-"92$5*, 12) #!- µ$ %) µ&%") $(!"µ)09' %/' :;281 5' 7")' %/* 32#/2/ %5* .-#!-5µ3%5* %)4' &*!*%- %)4 *)µ-#)< 7")2=7)4 %12) %/' $7-6$+"/2/' 12) #!- %)4 +.-)4 %)4 >:?8283. ?7+ %)4 ,&µ!%)', %="!, ) *.1386/1983 $(!"µ1@$- %/ 24µµ$%)6-#9 -.&!, %12) µ$ %/* 7!")42+! $#7")2=7)4 %5* $"0!@)µ&*5* 2%/ .-)+#/2/ %)4 >.:.?. (3",") 3§3), 12) #!- !*!()"-#3 µ$ %/* 7")25"-*9 .-)+#/2/ %5* 471 $840+!*2/ 7")AB/µ!%-#=* $7-6$-"92$5* (3",") 8§1). > #!,)"-2µ1' %)4 $"0!%-#)< $#7")2=7)4 2%/ .-)+#/2/ %)4 >.:.?. 0+*$%!- !71 %/ C.D.?.?., $*= ) *1µ)' !(9*$- !*)-#%1 %) @9%/µ! %)4 #!,)"-2µ)< %)4 $#7")2=7)4 %5* $"0!@)µ&*5* 2%/ .-)+#/2/ %5* 7")AB/µ!%-#=* $7-6$-"92$5*. E.-!+%$"! 2/µ!*%-#1' 24µµ$%)6-#1' ,$2µ1' $+*!- #!- )- $7-%")7&' 40-$-*9' #!- !2(!B$+!' 7)4 7")AB&(,/#!* µ$ %) *.1568/1985 !*!()"-#3 µ$ %/* 40-$-*9 #!- %/* !2(3B$-! %5* $"0!@)µ&*5*84. :#)B)4,=*%!' &*!* -.-!+%$"! 7")2(-B9 %"17) 0-! %)* FBB/*! *)µ),&%/ %/' !7)27!2µ!%-#9', #!- 24*9,5' #3%5 !71 %/* 7+$2/ %5* 7$"-2%32$5* "<,µ-2/' %5* $"0!2-!#=* 26&2$5* ) *.1387/1983 0-! %-' )µ!.-#&' !7)B<2$-' $7&B$8$ &*!* ad hoc $-.-#1 24µµ$%)6-#1 %<7) 7)4 .-!()")7)-$+%!- 2!(=' !71 %! 3BB! 24µµ$%)6-#3 µ)*%&B! 7)4 4-),$%)<2!* )- 7!"!73*5 *1µ)-, !BB3 #!- !71 %) µ)*%&B) %/' $"0!%-#9' 24µµ$%)69' 7)4 $-290!0$ ) *.1767/1988 7$"+ %5* 24µA)4B+5* %5* $"0!@)µ&*5* #!- %/* #<"52/ %/' 135 G.D.?. D/µ$-=*)4µ$ 75' ) 7!"!73*5 *1µ)' $µ(!*+2%/#$ #!- B$-%)<"0/2$ 2%! 7B!+2-! $*1' 242%9µ!%)' $**1µ)4 %38$5' 7)4 .$* !*!0*="-@$ %) 0$*-#1%$") .-#!+5µ! 24µµ$%)69' %5* $#7")2=75* %5* $"0!@)µ&*5* 2%/* $7-6$+"/2/ #!- 24*$7=' $*1' 242%9µ!%)' 7)4 .$* #!%)6<"5*$ #!µ-3' µ)"(9' 24µµ$%)6-#9 7!"&µA!2/ 0-! 7"1B/H/ 2%) $7+7$.) %/' B9H/' !7)(32$5* 7)4 !()")<* 2%! )-#)*)µ-#3, %$6*-#3 #!- 7!"!050-#3 26&.-! %)4 $"0).1%/ #!- A&A!-! #!µ-3* $46&"$-! &0#!-"/' 7B/")(1"/2/' %5* $"0!@)µ&*5* 0-! %/* )-#)*)µ-#9 #!%32%!2/ #!- 7)"$+! %/' $7-6$+"/2/'. ?7)µ&*5', #!%!*))<µ$ 1%- )- 24µµ$%)6-#&' .-!.-#!2+$' 7)4 $-290!0$ ) *1µ)' !4%1' B$-%)4"0)<2!* µ$* !BB3 52%12) 24*9,5' #!%17-* $)"%9' !()< 9./,

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- C-19/90 - C-20/90 - C-381/89 - C-441/93 - C-367/96

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38

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39

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50

4. !"µ#$%& ['µµ(%)&*] +,-./0* !"#$%&'( &$)*µ+(,- ",$)"./*,)- *0µ12*3-, 4"5- ,6(2) 7% 3 *0µ12*3 2(#µ,*2 *.2 µ+73 .&' 8)&)93.)9&0 *'µ1&'76&' µ)2- 2(/('µ3- ,.2)$62- 92) *.& (&µ)94 "$4*5"& .3- 2, "&' 8, µ"&$&0( (2 %2$29.3$6*&'( &0., 5- *0µ12*3 ,:2$.3µ+(3- ,$;2*62-, &0., 5- *0µ12*3 +$;&'. < 8,*µ4- ,8/ ,6(2) 294µ3 ")& «%272$4-» 92) 3 *0µ12*3 2'.= &(&µ#>,.2) *0µ12*3 ,(.&7=-. <? 8,*µ&6 2(#µ,*2 *.&( ,(.&7+2 92) *.&( ,(.&7&84%& ,99)(&0( 2"4 .3( @A713 "&' &$6>,) .3( +((&)2 .3- *0µ12*3- ,(.&7=-. B0µ12*3 ,(.&7=-, 7&)"4( ,6(2) 3 *0µ12*3 2'.= µ, .3( &"&62 & ,(.&7484%&- 2(272µ1#(,) (2 ,9.,7+*,) µ)2( ,$;2*62 .&' ,(.&7+2 .&'. Cµ5- 92.# .3( @A713 3 2(#73D3 2'.=- .3- '"&%$+5*3- ;6(,.2) #(,' 2µ&)1=-. A#.) .+.&)& 1+12)2 8, E2 µ"&$&0*, (2 ;6(,) 8,9.4 92) (2 ",$)73FE,6 *.2 "726*)2 .3- "2$&0*2- ,:+.2*3-, 8,8&µ+(&' 4.) .& *.&)%,6& "&' µ2- ,(8)2F+$,) ;)2 (2 &$6*&'µ, ,"29$)1/- .3( +((&)2 .&' ,"2;;+7µ2.&- ,6(2) 3 2µ&)1=. G+12)2 '"#$%&'( *';;$2F,6- ("% A2$#95*.2-, H67)&-, 97") &) &"&6& 8+%&(.2) .3( 0"2$:3 µ)2- sui generis µ&$F=- ,(.&7=- "&' 92.,:26$,*3 .&' #$E$&' @A713 ;6(,.2) +(2(.) 2µ&)1=- "$49,).2) ;)2 .3( +µµ)*E3 ,(.&7=. 4.1 1µµ(%)& 2,-./0 3$( !",-$4µ$ I)2 (2 "$&*,;;6*&'µ, .3( +µµ)*E3 ,(.&7= 4*& .& 8'(2.4- "73$+*.,$2 "$+",) (2 &$6*&'µ, 4.) 92) ;)2 .3 *0µ12*3 2'.=( )*%0&'( 472 4*2 2(2F+$2µ, 92) *%,.)9# µ, .3 *0µ12*3 +$;&' 2"4 *'(.2;µ2.)9=- "7,'$#-, 9'$65- 2"4 .3( #"&D3 .3- 8'(2.4.3.2- *0(2D3- µ)2- *0µ12*3-. J «8'(2.4.3.2 *0(2D3- µ)2- *0µ12*3-» 8,( ,6(2) .6"&., #77& 2"4 .3 8)92)&"$29.)9= )92(4.3.2. J 8)92)&"$29.)9= )92(4.3.2 ,6(2) *'('F2*µ+(3 µ, .3( )92(4.3.2 8)926&'103 92) 2"&.,7,6 ,)8)94.,$3 µ&$F= #*93*3- *'(.2;µ2.)9/( 8)92)5µ#.5(, 8,8&µ+(&' 4.) ,6(2) ,)8)94.,$3 µ&$F= 2(E$/")(3- 8$#*3-. @(#µ,*2 *.3( )92(4.3.2 "$&- 8)92)&"$2:62 92) .3( )92(4.3.2 #*93*3- E,µ,7)58/( 8)92)5µ#.5( 8,( '"#$%,) .2'.4.3.2 74;&' 92) ,"&µ+(5- 8,( ,6(2) 8'(2.= 3 .20.)*= .&'-104. J )92(4.3.2 "$&- 8)92)&"$2:62 8,( ,µ"6".,) #775*., *.3( 68)2 *'(.2;µ2.)9= 7&;)9=. J ;,()9= )92(4.3.2 "$&- 8)92)&"$2:62 µ, .3 *'(.2;µ2.)9= +((&)2 .&' 4$&' .2'.6>,.2) µ, .3( )92(4.3.2 #*93*3-, 5- )92(4.3.2- 8),(+$;,)2- "$#:,5( *0µF5(5( µ, .& 8692)&. J !"#$%&'&($%) +((&)2 .3- 8)92)&"$2:62 ,µ",$)+%,.2) *.3 *'(.2;µ2.)9= +((&)2 .3- 8)92)&"$29.)9=- )92(4.3.2-. K"&µ+(5-, *.3( ",$6".5*3 .3- *0µ12*3- +$;&', E2 1$,) +$,)*µ2 3 8)#.2:3 .&' #$E$&' 5§1 2$%= .3- ,7,0E,$3- 2(#".':3- .3- "$&*5")94.3.2- 92) ,7,'E,$62- *'µµ,.&%=- –*';9,9$)µ+(2- *.3( &)9&(&µ)9= >5= .3- %/$2-, 2( 8,( "$&*1#77,) .2 %$3*.# =E3, .2 8)92)/µ2.2 .5( #775( 92) 8,( "2$21)#>,) .& *0(.2;µ2. L,8&µ+(&' 4.) "&77+- F&$+- 'F6*.2(.2) 2;;,76,- *.)- ,F3µ,$68,- µ, .)- &"&6,- 2(2>3.,6.2) 2(.)*'µ12774µ,(&- ;)2 *0µ12*3 +$;&' = 2(.6*.&)%2 "$&93$0**&(.2) 83µ4*)&) 8)2;5()*µ&6 µ, .&'- &"&6&'- 2(2.6E,(.2) *, )8)/.,- ("$&*&%= 4µ5-, 4%) (&µ)9# "$4*5"2 –8,( 9270".&(.2) 2"4 .& 8)9265µ2 2'.4 ,F4*&( µ4(& F'*)9# "$4*5"2

103 M*.4*& 8,( .2'.6>&(.2). ?92(4.3.2 8)926&' ,6(2) 3 8'(2.4.3.2 ,(4- "$&*/"&' (2 ,6(2) '"&9,6µ,(& 8)92)5µ#.5(, ,(/ 3 8)92)&"$29.)9= )92(4.3.2 ,6(2) 3 8'(2.4.3.2 8=75*3- 1&073*3- µ, +((&µ2 2"&.,7+*µ2.2. ?92(4.3.2 8)926&' µ"&$,6 (2 '"#$:,) %5$6- .3( )92(4.3.2 ;)2 8)92)&"$2:62, 7% *.3( ",$6".5*3 2(3769&' = "$&*/"&' "&' +%,) .,E,6 *, "7=$3 8)92*.)9= *'µ"2$#*.2*3, 2(.6E,.2, 3 )92(4.3.2 ;)2 8)92)&"$2:62 8, µ"&$,6 (2 '"#$:,) %5$6- .3( )92(4.3.2 8)926&'. B'(,"/- 3 "$/.3 ,6(2) ,'$0.,$3 2"4 .3 8,0.,$3. 104 @NLOK@B LJPJQO<R<!S<B, B'(.2;µ2.)9# L)92)/µ2.2, B0*.3µ2 B'(.2;µ2.)9&0 L)926&', Q4µ&- IT, Q,0%. ?-??? (2008), *,7.150

51

!"#$% &'(!") *+# $*'µ%,-# .%,$%+µ/*+#) '(%0µ1#$ 1(2$, 3&"0*$*$% *' .%,$"+µ$ 456('&7(606) 8/0!% *'3 /(9('3 5:. 4.2 ! "#µ$%"& '()*+,- .'(/01 M! *6 0;µ8$06 !#*'5<), ' !#*'5'.7=') 1=!% *6# 34'=(1+06 #$ .%!>$2/2!% =+(") $µ'%8< *6# 3479!06 4'3 *'3 $#19!0! ' !#*'51$)105. ?##'%'5'2%,/ 6 0;µ8$06 *6) !#*'5<) $4'.".!*$% µ! *6# :@713. ?#*'5<, 5'%47# !"#$% 6 0;µ8$06 µ! *6# '4'"$ ' !#*'51$) $#$91*!% 0*'# !#*'5'.7=' *6# =+(") $µ'%8< .%!>$2+2< µ%$) 3479!06)106. A$ '30%-.6 0*'%=!"$ *6) !#*'5<) !"#$% .3'107: $) B 3479!06, .65$.< ,/9! C<*6µ$ µ! #'µ%,< < 35%,< &;06, 4'3 $#/2!*$% 0*6# 4!(%'30"$ < *' 4(70+4' *'3 !#*'51$. B 3479!06 $3*< µ4'(!" #$ $&'(/ C<*6µ$ 4'3 #$ $&'(/ *' 03µ&1('# *'3 !#*'51$ < / ,$% ,/4'%'3 /55'3 *("*'3. D%$ 4$(/.!%2µ$, !4" *'3 91µ$*') *+# µ!5-# *'3 .%'%,6*%,'; 03µ8'35"'3 µ%$) $!, $# ,$% !&70'# 4(7,!%*$% 2%$ 0=106 !#*'5<), *$ µ156 *'3 .0 34'=(!';#*$% #$ 4('8';# 0*6 .%!#1(2!%$ µ%$) 3479!06) 4(') 7&!5') *6) $!, < 4(') 7&!5') *("*'3108. B 3479!06 $3*< µ4'(!" #$ !"#$% 6 ,$*/(*%06 .%,$%'4($>"$) 0*' 7#'µ$ < 2%$ 5'2$(%$0µ7 *'3 !#*'51$-$! (.65$.< *' µ15') *'3 .%'%,6*%,'; 03µ8'35"'3 #$ 4('8$"#!% 5= 0*6 0;#$E6 0;µ8$06 µ"09+06) $,%#<*'3 2%$ 5'2$(%$0µ7 *6) $#-#3µ6) !*$%("$)), 6 4"0*+06 *("*'3 2%$ 5'2$(%$0µ7 *6) $#-#3µ6) !*$%("$), 6 $2'(/ ,%#6*'; < $,%#<*'3. F! 4!("4*+06 155!%E6) 0$&-# '.62%-# $47 *'# !#*'51$, ' !#*'5'.7=') 34'=(!';*$% #$ 4(/**!% 8/0!% *6) &;0!+) *6) 3479!06) ,$% *'3 03µ&1('#*') *'3 !#*'51$109. A' *" 3479!06 34'=(!';*$% #$ &1(!% !%) 41($) ' !#*'5'.7=') !"#$% $.%/&'(6 +) 4(') *6 &;06 *6)110, !,*7) 818$%$ ,$% $# 4('0,(';!% 0! $4$2'(!3*%,1) .%$*/>!%) *'3 #7µ'3111. 8) B =+(") $µ'%8< .%!>$2+2< *6) 3479!06). G(/2µ$*%, ' !#*'5'.7=') '&!"5!% #$ .%!,4!($%-0!% *6# $#$*!9!"0$ 3479!06 =+(") #$ 5/8!% $#*/55$2µ$ '4'%'3.<4'*! !".'3). ?>/55'3, 6 µ6 ,$*$8'5< $µ'%8<) $4'*!5!" *' 451'# '30%-.!) 2#-(%0µ$ *6) 0;µ8$06) !#*'5<)112. H% .$4/#!) .%!>$2+2<) *6) $#$*!9!"0$) 3479!06) –*%) '4'"!) ' !#*'51$) '&!"5!% ,$*’ :@721 #$ 4(',$*$8/55!% ,$9-) !4"06) ,$% 6 34'=(1+06 $47.'06) 0*'# !#*'5'.7=' ',*% $3*7) .$4/#60! ,$*/ *6 .%!>$2+2< *6) 3479!06), 0;µ&+#$

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52

µ! "#$ %&722 '!$ ()*"!+*,$ (µ*-./113. 01"21* # ()2 "*$ !$"*+3( 4("(.*+/ 5-+*'67/µ("*8 '! 19$-1": !);1#8 4("(.*+/ (µ*-./8, '!'*µ3$*9 2"- '!$ 3<!- )7*#=#>!; 4:)*-( 1<!"-4/ 19µ56$;(. ? 19µ56$;( 2µ68 (µ*-./8 =-( "# '-!@(=6=/ 4:)*-(8 9)2>!1#8 >( µ)*7*,1! $( !;$(- 1,µ.(1# !7=(1;(8 / 1,µ.(1# 37=*9. 01"21*, 1"-8 !µ)*7-438 497;68 19$(++(=38 ()($":"(- (74!": 19<$: # !$"*+/ µ! (µ*-./ (3µµ-1># !$"*+/) # *)*;( !@(4*+*9>!; $( -1<,!- )(7: "( 21( )(7():$6 4(- <67;8 $( )7*147*,!- 1"#$ %&713 2)68 :++61"! 4(- )7*($(537(µ!. 4.2.1 !""#$% &%$ '#µ$&( )*+, ? %&713 *7;A!- 2"- µ! "# 1,µ.(1# "#8 !$"*+/8 * !$"*+*'2<*8 3<!- "#$ 9)*<7361# $( '-!@:=!- <67;8 (µ*-./ "#$ 9)2>!1# )*9 "*9 ($3>!1! * !$"*+3(8114. B !$"*+*'2<*8 !9>,$!"(- =-( 4:>! )"(;1µ( "*9 4(": "#$ !4)+/761# "#8 1,µ.(1#8. %)*"!+!; 1,µ.(1# !$*<-4/, (-"-C'#, <(7-1"-4/ 4(- ("!+C8 (µ5*"!7*.(7/115: =!$$: 9)*<7!C1!-8 ()2 "#$ )+!97: "*9 !$"*+*'2<*9. D#µ!-C$*9µ! 2"- *- !$'!<2µ!$!8 9)*<7!C1!-8 "*9 !$"*+3( '! '#µ-*97=*,$ ($":++(=µ( =-( "-8 9)*<7!C1!-8 "*9 !$"*+*'2<*9. &(": "( +*-):, µ)*7!; $( 4("(7"-1"!; 7#":, :"9)( / (42µ# 4(- 1-6)#7:116, 1"#$ )!7;)"61# )*9 * !$"*+3(8 !$C =$67;A!- 2"- * !$"*+*'2<*8 '-!@:=!- *7-1µ3$# 9)2>!1/ "*9 '!$ ($"-+3=!- 1’(9"2117. E2=6 "*9 )7*16)-4*, 4(- !µ)-1"!9"-4*, <(7(4"/7( "#8 1,µ.(1#8 !$"*+/8, * !$"*+*'2<*8 µ)*7!; $( ($(+:.!- "# '-!@(=6=/ "#8 9)2>!1#8 4("2)-$ )(7:4+#1#8 / !)->9µ;(8 "*9 !$"*+3(., # *)*;( )73)!- $( )7*4,)"!- 1(5C8, (42µ( 4(- 4("2)-$ '-4/8 "*9 )76"*.*9+;(8. F)*4!;µ!$( "#8 1,µ.(1#8 !$"*+/8 µ)*7!; $( !;$(- 3$( / )!7-112"!7( 591-4: / / 4(- $*µ-4: )7216)(. G"1- +*-)2$ # «!16"!7-4/» 1<31# µ!"(@, "6$ µ!+C$ "*9 '-*-4#"-4*, 19µ.*9+;*9 µ-(8 ($C$9µ#8 !"(-7;(8 4(- "*9 $*µ-4*, )7*1C)*9 "#8 ;'-(8 "#8 !"(-7;(8 µ)*7!; $( !;$(- 4(- 1<31# !$"*+/8. H$"*+3(8 >( !;$(- "* $*µ-42 )7216)* "#8 (! 4(- !$"*+*'2<*8 "* 4:>! µ3+*8 "*9 '-*-4#"-4*, 19µ.*9+;*9 )*9 (14C$"(8 "# '-(<!-7-1"-4/ 4(- !4)7*16)!9"-4/ !@*91;( )*9 "* '-(47;$!-, )7*.(;$!- 1"# '-!$37=!-( )7:@!6$ =-( +*=(7-(1µ2 "*9 $*µ-4*, )7*1C)*9 "#8 ($C$9µ#8 !"(-7;(8. %$:+*=( µ! "* !;'*8 "#8 # !$"*+/ µ)*7!; $( !;$(- :++*"! '-(74/8 4(- :++*"! 1"-=µ-(;( 1,µ.(1#118. %$(5*7-4: µ! "*$ ",)* "#8 1,µ.(1#8 "#8 !$"*+/8, !;$(- 4("’ (7</$ :"9)# 1,µ.(1#, '!'*µ3$*9 "*9 2"- *- '-(":@!-8 )!7; !$"*+/8 %&713!). '!$ )7*.+3)*9$ ",)* (%&158 1! 19$'9(1µ2 µ! %&713). I73)!- 2µ68 4("’ !@(;7!1# $( )!7-.+#>!; "*$ ",)* "#8 '-4(-*)7(@;(8 "#$ *)*;( >( 4("(7";1!- * !$"*+*'2<*8 4(": "# '-!@(=6=/ "#8 9)2>!1#8119. &:"- "3"*-* 19µ.(;$!- 68 !); "* )+!;1"*$ 1"#$ !$"*+/

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6.1 Summary The labor right is a basic human and social right that is written in the Constitution. In the countries all over the world –except the ones we use to call “third world countries”- pronounce the human right to work, socialize with the other persons who work in the same place, seat, factory, country. By trying to understand how the whole structure works we made a double separation between what we use to call as “Work”. The basis of this separation is whether or not the existence of contract in the act. If the dot of the contract exists then there ‘s a labor that is supported by a contract; in this category we may have employees. In the other side whether there is not any mean of contract in the basis of the act, the act is what we call “commerce”. The separation we tried in this paper is projected in the society by the social for now separation between “bosses” and employees. Each party has to understand its rights, acting standards and never try to manipulate the other side ’s rights nor react by a way that is not considered to be lawful or according to the Constitutional commands.

7. !"#$"%&'()*(

!""#$%&':

1. (#µ)*%+,µ-.- !.-%/+0-1 (%&-0)2 3$.-45$%*µ),, «6 7"+48)1 924&+$./:*+5$ !;%8+%/'*+5$ *.) (0&-%) .)2 !"+2<=/)2 3$.-45$%*µ),», 3<'$- 1998

2. B. >+5/4-&?;)2")2 «@-.-.µ'*+%1, (2A*µ)0 &-% <+5/0+1 .#1 B,<µ%*#1: C+5/#.%&D ;/?.2;- &-% -$-4&-0+1 ;/)*-/µ)4=1 *.# µ+"=.# .5$ -$-;.2**?µ+$5$ &)%$5$%&:$ *8#µ-.%*µ:$» !;%<+:/#*# @)%$5$%&:$ !/+2$:$ 2004

3. 3. >/-µµ-.%&D&#-3"+E0)2/F. G-;-*%:;#-G-*%D/!. H-*%"-&D&#1, «IJ%5.%&? (%+<$=1 (0&-%)», >’ 7&J)*#, C+**-"%&' 2002

4. 3<'$- 1987 5. 3"=E-$J/)1 @-/-&-.*D$#1/9.-,/)1 >-/J0&-1, «3.)µ%&? !/4-.%&? (0&-%)», 5#

7&J)*#, 3<'$--@)µ).#$' 1995 6. 3$J/=-1 >. (#µ#./?;)2")1, «>+$%&' 92$.-4µ-.%&' C+5/0- (92*.'µ-.-

92$.-4µ-.%&), (%&-0)2)», K?µ)1 3L 3<'$- 2004 7. 3$J/=-1 >. (#µ#./?;)2")1, «92$.-4µ-.%&D (%&-%:µ-.- (9,*.#µ-

92$.-4µ-.%&), (%&-0)2)», K?µ)1 >L- K+,8)1 I-III, HL 7&J)*#, 3<'$--C+**-")$0&# 2008

8. 3;. >=/)$.-1/9. M,./-1/G/. G-2"?;)2")1/>". 9%),.#/9. N")4-O.#1, «(%)%&#.%&? (0&-%)», 3<'$- 2004

9. H-*0"# I. K*),µ-, «6% 6%&)J)µ%&)0 92$+.-%/%*µ)0», 3<'$- 1988 10. HD*5 G-;-$J/=)2, «G)"2+<$%&=1 +;%8+%/'*+%1 *.#$ !""DJ- 11. >+/D*%µ)1 3$-*.-*?;)2")1, «>+$%&? !µ;)/%&? (0&-%)», 4# 7&J)*#, 3<'$-

2004 12. >+5/40)2 M+P=$.#, «92"")4%&? !/4-.%&? (0&-%)», 2# 7&J)*#, 3<'$- 2007 13. (. G-;-A5D$$)2, «Q +""#$%&' $)µ)")40- &-% ) &)%$5$%&)-)%&)$)µ%&?1 *&);?1

.)2 J%&-%:µ-.)1 .#1 -;?"2*#1», 3<'$- 1993 14. (#µ'./#1 K/-2"?1-KR-$+.D.)1, «Q -;+/40- -""#"+44,#1 *.%1 G)"2+<$%&=1», 15. (#µ'./#1 K/-2"?1-KR-$+.D.)1, «Q 3;)//,<µ%*# .)2 S/?$)2 !/4-*0-1»,

3<'$- 1989 16. (#µ'./#1 K/-2"?1-KR-$+.D.)1, «92$J%&-"%*.%&' (/D*# *.#$ !;%8+0/#*# &-%

9,$.-4µ-», 3<'$- 1984 i. !%*'4#*#:M!H!TKQ9, «U+.-P)"' .5$ ?/5$ +/4-*0-1 –

-$-J%D/</5*# +;%8+%/'*+5$ – )µ-J%&=1 -;)",*+%1» ii. !%*'4#*#:MQV6WBIXKQ9, «9&=Y+%1 4%- .#$ -;).+"+*µ-.%&?.#.-

.#1 %*8,)2*-1 $)µ)<+*0-1 ;+/0 )µ-J%&:$ -;)",*+5$» 17. !µµ. B),&)2$-1, «(#µ?*%) (%+<$=1 (0&-%)» K+,8)1 3), 3<'$- 2005 18. !;-µ+%$:$J- G. 9;#"%5.?;)2")2, «!48+%/0J%) (%)%&#.%&), (%&-0)2», (5J=&-.#

7&J)*#, 3<'$--@)µ).#$' 2007 19. !2D44+")1 !µµ. G+/D&#1, «>+$%&? U=/)1 .)2 !µ;)/%&), (%&-0)2», 3<'$- 2004 20. I5D$$#1 (. @)2&%DJ#1, «H-*%&)0 !/4-.%&)0 T?µ)%», 5# 7&J)*#, 3<'$- 2006 21. I5D$$#1 @)2&%DJ#1, «!/4-.%&? (0&-%), 92"")4%&=1 !/4-*%-&=1 98=*+%1», 3<'$-

1990 22. @:*.-1 (. G-;-J#µ#./0)2, «G"#/)Z)/%&', !/4-*0-, !/4-.%&? (0&-%)»,

3<'$-@)µ).#$' 1987 23. T%&?"-)1 @. 3$J/)2"D&#, «C+µ+"%:J+%1 7$$)%+1 .#1 G)%$%&'1 (0&#1», 3#

7&J)*#, 3<'$- 2007 24. T%&?"-)1 @. B?&-1, «!µ;)/%&=1 !.-%/0+1», 5# 7&J)*#, 3<'$--@)µ).#$' 2006 25. G. (. (-4.?4")2, «(%)%&#.%&? (%&)$)µ%&? (0&-%)», K/0.# 7&J)*#, 3<'$--

@)µ).#$' 2004 26. G.(. (-4.?4")2, «92$.-4µ-.%&? (0&-%), 3.)µ%&D (%&-%:µ-.-» HL, 3<'$- 2005

27. !"#$%& '(. )*$+%&, «,-%.+/0 1*/"+%, ,+2+/0 34(%5, !(67%5 80µ%5 19#79(%5 :µ+70µ%5», ;/7< ;/2%=<, >?@-" 2005

28. A/"-2B$<5/'(+=7+"-05/C%&=/%&-B, «,D"(µ%E45 1+9?-%#5 /"+ ,&(FG"H/%# 1+/"*%& (G(%I$<µ"7+/45 9G+.9+(@=9+5 /"+ /%+-%7+/0 2*/"+%)», >?@-" 2003

29. A7"#(%5 3%&20G%&$%5, «C"-0-95 !(%=7"=*"5 7F- =&-2+/"$+=7+/6- 1+/"+FµB7F-», 5< ;/2%=<, >?@-" 2005

30. A&E.F-9#=9+5 – ,J"E%(45 – >-"2+"(?(6=9+5 9G+.9+(@=9F- /"+ %+ 9G+G76=9+5 7%&5 =7+5 ,(E"=+"/45 A.4=9+5 (2006)

31. '(+=7. A9I"=7*2<5, «K+ Kµ"2+/45 >G%$#=9+5 A7% 9$$<-+/0 /"+ C%+-%7+/0 1*/"+%», >?@-" 2000

32. '(&=BDF 8=%#/", «K+ >7%µ+/45 A.4=9+5 ,(E"=*"5 =7% !92*% 7%& L2+F7+/%# 1+9?-%# 1+/"*%&», >?@-" 2005

M4-<:

1. ALLOUCHE J, SIRE B. (eds) « Ressources humaines : Une Gestion eclatee » Economica, Paris 1999

2. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE-GENEVA, «Handbook of procedures relating to international labour Conventions and Recommendations» , 2000

3. JEAN-MICHEL SERVAIS, International Labour Law, 2006 4. LUTTER, Holdig-Handbuc, 2003 5. NIZET J, PICHAULT F. «L’eclatement des modeles en GRH : L’ explication par

la contingence, son interet et ses limites », 1990 6. PAMPHLET, ILO: The impact, 1987 7. PURCELL & AHLSTRAND “Corporate Strategy & the Influence of Personnel”

in “Human Resources Management in the Multi-Divisional Company”, Oxford University Press, 2000

I=7%=9$*295:

1. URL: www.fairtrade.org 2. URL: www.wikipedia.gr 3. URL: apsemod.blogspot.com 4. URL: www.lib.aueb.gr/libsite/gr/OECD_g_info 5. URL:lawdb.intrasoftnet.com/nomos/3_nomologia_rs_sub_prs.php

N%µ%$%E*": ") ,$$<-+/@

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- >!388/1993, ,G+=/.,(E.150 (1994), =9$.236 (>G%79$9* ."("/7<(+=7+/0 G"(B29+Eµ" µ< *=<5 µ97".9*(+=<5 "G0 7%- 9(E%207< G%& G"(4.9+ B29+95 /"+ B$$95 "G%2%.45 =9 =&E/9/(+µ4-% &GB$$<$%. >&70 "-7+7*?97"+ =7<- "(.@ 7<5 *=<5 µ97".9*(+=<5)

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- ?,.!"2089/1986, #$%*:.#'(.).46 (1987), *+,.697 (!5&28'+01 $+%&2'@%:A ".%4A)

;) B.µ.,.(82 )#C: - C-19/90 ("'.>%:2*0%:A 2$6D2*1 $'.7 0. )#C (%2 014 +'µ14+82 017 77/91/#?C

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+$242$'.*>%.'%*µ.E 0=4 .%:.4.µ%:F4 017 µ+(+&F4 ,6(= :%4>E4.5 $0F@+5*17) - C-367/96 (!42>%9'&'=*1 +$%@+8'1*17 *02 $,28*%2 0.5 4.1386/1983 $+'8

?'(24%*µ.E !42*5(:'.0A*+=7 #$%@+%'A*+=4, $.5 6µ=7 240%;284+% µ+ 014 .>1(82 77/91/#?C- &2 5$+'%*@E*+% 0. :.%4.0%:6 >8:2%.)

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