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Medical Gas Design GuideChapter 8 - Patient Medical

Gas Sources

Continuing Education Publication

TM





Notes on Using this Pamphlet:

This pamphlet is presented as a service to systems designers working with medical gas and vacuum in medicalfacilities. The design process used in this booklet is detailed in Chapter 1 - Design Process.

This Guide is not in any way intended to be a substitute for a properly qualified engineer, and any pretence to beingalone sufficient for the proper design of any medical gas system is explicitly disclaimed.

It is BeaconMedæs’ intent that this book should only be used as one tool among many by properly qualified engineerswho are in a position by training and experience to know it’s applications and limitations.

You will find in using the Guide that there are innumerable decisions, judgement calls, and subtleties in the designof medical gases which cannot be incorporated in any book, but serve to dramatically emphasize the value of theengineer’s expertise.

Second Edition February 2006

Replaces Previous Edition November 2005

Notes

This Pamphlet in both print and electronic versions is Copyright 2006 BeaconMedæs. All Rights are Reserved, andno reproduction may be made of the whole or any part without permission in writing. Distribution of the Electronicversion is permitted only where the whole is transmitted without alteration, including this notice.

Comments on this booklet or on any aspect of medical gases are welcome and encouraged.Please send to [email protected]



Container Manifolds,Portable Containers

1 10 20 30 40

1x 2 13

2x 3 26

1x13 26

2x24 9 51

Bulk

Source Type Legend

How to Read Details 8.8 - 8.11.1

14x14 2826

2422

2018

1614

1210

86

42x23x34x45x56x67x7 8x89x9

10x1011x1112x1213x13

Cylinder

Manifolds

Note: Consult withequipment and gas supplier for details on specifying abulk Nitrous system.

Minimum possibleapplication for this system.There may be problems at this rate with gas wastedue to the NER. Recommended minumum

for this system.

Recommended maximumfor this system.

Number of ContainersPrimary x Secondary.Reserve size must becalculated separately

Number of CylindersPrimary x Secondary.

Recommended Maximumfor this system

Number of Containerson Primary. Secondary and Reserve size must be calculated separately

Thumbnail of the systemconfigurations

Units of Measure for all sizings

Terminology used with Patient Medical Gas Sources

Bulk Cryogenic SystemA complete system for delivering gasfrom large volume cryogenic liquidcontainers. See NFPA 5.1.3.4.13 fordetails of these systems.

Source Valve

Source ValveManifold ControlsSee NFPA 5.1.3.4.10 - 5.1.3.4.12 for operating details

Note: For most manifolds under normaloperation, the Primary and Secondary headerswill frequently exchange roles. The designationof Primary and Secondary as left and rightrespectively is done simply for convenience,and represents the “starting” point only.

Primary Header

A Container

Secondary Header Reserve Header

Controls for the Reserve

A Cylinder



Chapter 8Patient Medical Gas Sources

Detail 8.5 Source selection and Location Flowchart

Select asource type

Size thesource

Trial locate theSources

LocationOK?

No

Moresystems?

No, All Done

Yes

NextSystem

Sum SourceCapacities

> 566m3 (20,000 ft3)total volume connected

and in storage?Yes

• Sufficient space?• Distances from objects?• Accessibility?• Environment (temperature, shelter)?• Secure?

YesNo

AllOutdoors?

No

Divide the sourcesinto multiple

locations

Sum SourceCapacities in each

location

Yes

Otherlocation

available?Yes

No

Scheduleand Specify

Choose asystem to

start

• Primary• Secondary• Reserve (as needed)

• Primary• Secondary• Reserve (as needed)• Cylinders andContainers in storage



BeaconMedæs Medical Gas Design Guide

Chapter 8Page

Introduction

This Chapter takes you through the processof sizing, selecting and laying out sourceequipment for Oxygen, Nitrous Oxide,

and Carbon Dioxide. We will also discuss manifolds formedical air in lieu of compressor systems. In addition,

we will provide here some guidance on exotic gas systemssuch as Helium, Argon, mixtures, and Nitric Oxide.

Process Flow.

Detail 8.5 is a graphical representation of the flow of thedesign process.

The section outlined in blue is the sizing and selectionprocess and will be repeated once for each gas system to beinstalled. The order in which the systems are engineeredis not significant as long as each of the systems are takenthrough all the steps.

Each gas system has it’s own segment of the chapter :

Oxygen …………...… 5Nitrous Oxide …...… 8Carbon Dioxide …… 10Medical air …….…… 11Exotics ……….……… 12

(Note: Nitrogen and Instrument air from a manifold arereviewed in Chapter 9 of this Guide as Medical SupportGases.)

Oxygen : General Considerations

Oxygen is drawn from any one of three source types:

• A gas cylinder manifold, using oxygen from high pressure(e.g. 2,200 psig {15.1 MPa}) cylinders.

• A liquid container manifold, using oxygen from portablecontainers containing oxygen in cryogenic liquid form.

• A bulk cryogenic station, using oxygen from largepermanently mounted containers containing oxygen in

cryogenic liquid form.

The choice of source type will be made based on severalcriteria, and is usually a decision made in consultationwith the owner and the owner’s gas supplier. There aretwo primary criteria:

1. Practicality. A large facility will probably find itimpractical to use anything but bulk oxygen. A mediumsized facility might find they can use a liquid manifold butthat a cylinder manifold is too much trouble. A smaller

facility will be able to look at any of the three options,but may find the cost and site requirements for a bulk unittoo onerous. The supplier may have opinions on whichsource type is best based on their ability to deliver gas tothe facility.

2. Cost. If it is practical for a facility to use more than oneoption, the primary consideration which they will evaluate

should typically be cost of operation. Liquid is almostuniversally less expensive than gas in cylinders, but cannotbe stored for extended periods. Remote facilities may findthis a particular restraint.

The engineer should be prepared to contribute to thediscussion (although it is rarely a decision made on purelyengineering grounds). To do so, the following informationis needed:

1. What is the anticipated usage of oxygen? See below forhow to estimate this.

2. What will the owner pay for oxygen in cylinders?

3. What will the owner pay for oxygen in liquid form, butin portable containers?

4. What will the owner pay for oxygen in bulk?

5. How will the equipment be financed? Owners typicallybuy their manifolds, but most will lease bulk gas equipmentfrom the gas supplier. Nevertheless, a few prefer to owneven their bulk station. The cost of the equipment needs tobe factored into the decision along with the cost of the gas

itself.

6. If a bulk station is a possible option, is there anappropriate site which will be compliant with NFPA 99and NFPA 50 or 55, satisfactory to the facility, acceptableto local fire officials and accessible for the gas supplier?

7. Is labor savings a large concern? Cylinders naturallyrequire much more handling than do containers. Minibulksand Bulk Systems should require none. Labor savings maybe a principal factor in deciding to move to liquid.

It is very important to get the answers to questions 2, 3

and 4 in some comparable units or to convert them tocomparable units. As examples, the answer to #2 maybe given “per cylinder” and the answer to #3 and #4 maybe given “per gallon” or “per pound”. These must beconverted to a standard measure like cubic feet or liters of gas. Detail 8.8 gives some conversion data.

To make an evaluation, it is important to understand how thevarious cylinders, systems and containers operate. Whilethe detailed operation of containers is outside the scopeof this Guide, in summary it is important to understand




Patient Medical Gas Sources Page

D e t a i l 8 . 7

E x a m p l e s o f c o n t a i n e r s a n d c y l i n d e r s .

T y p e

H

C y l i n d e r

S

m a l l L P

L i q u i d

P o r t a b l e

S m a l l H P

L i q u i d

P o r t a b l e

L a r g

e L P

L i q

u i d

P o r t a b l e

L a r g e H P

L i q u i d

P o r t a b l e

S a m p

l e

M i n i b u l k

T a n k

S a m p l e B u l k

T a n k

M

o d e l

C h a r t 1 6 0 M P

C h a r t 1 6 0 H P

C h a r t 2 6 5 M P

C h a r t 2 6 5 H P

T a y l o r - W h a r t o n

E F 4 5 0

H P

T a y l o r -

W h a r t o n

6 0 0 0

N o r m a l M a x . P r e s s u r e

2 , 2 0 0 p s i

1 5 . 2 m P a

2 3 0 p s i

1 . 6 m P a

3 5 0 p s i

2 . 4 m P a

2 3 0 p s i

1 . 6

m P a

3 5 0 p s i

2 . 4 m P a

3 5 0 p

s i

2 . 4 m

P a

2 5 0 p s i

1 . 7 m P a

D i a m e t e r i n / c m

9 / 2 2 . 8

2 0 / 5 0 . 8

2 0 / 5 0 . 8

2 6

/ 6 6

2 6 / 6 6

3 0 / 7 6

. 2

9 6 / 2 4 0

H e i g

h t i n / c m

5 1 / 1 3 0

5

9 . 6 / 1 5 1

5 9 . 6 / 1 5 1

5 7 . 8

/ 1 3 2

5 7 . 8 / 1 3 2

7 4 / 1 8 8

3 1 2 / 8 0 0

W e i g h t ( f u l l )

l b s / k g

O 2

1 5 3 / 6 9 . 5

6

2 9 / 2 8 5

6 4 0 / 2 9 0

9 3 5

/ 4 2 4

9 2 4 / 4 2 0

1 , 6 3 7 / 7 3 6

8 3 . 9 k / 3 8 . 0 k

N 2

5

1 7 / 2 3 4

5 3 1 / 2 4 1

7 5 8

/ 3 4 4

7 5 4 / 3 4 3

1 , 3 6 4 / 6 1 3

6 7 . 7 k / 3 0 . 7 k

C O 2

6 6 7 / 3 1 5

9 6 7 / 4 3 9

N 2 O

6 4 0 / 3 0 3

1 , 0 0 8 / 4 5 6

A r g o n

7

1 0 / 3 2 2

7 1 7 / 3 2 5

1 , 0 6 2 / 4 8 1

1 , 0 4 6 / 4 7 5

1 , 8 3 2 / 8 2 4

9 6 . 3 k / 4 3 . 6 k

C o n t e n t s ( G a s a t

S T P )

f t 3 / l i t e

r s

O 2

2 4 4 / 6 , 9 0 0

4 , 5

7 7 / 1 2 9 . 5 k

4 , 3 4 8 / 1 2 3 k

7 , 1 8 3 / 2 0 3 . 2 k

6 , 8 1 1 / 1 9 2 . 7 k

1 1 , 0 0 0 / 3

1 1 . 3 k

6 7 6 k / 1 9 , 1 6 7 k

N 2

2 2 6 / 6 , 4 0 0

3 , 6

8 5 / 1 0 4 . 2 k

3 , 4 6 4 / 9 8 k

5 , 7 6 9 / 1 6 3 . 2 k

5 , 4 3 8 / 1 5 3 . 8 k

8 , 7 5 0 / 2

4 7 k

5 4 7 k / 1 5 , 4 9 4 k

C O 2

4 3 4 / 1 2 , 3 0 0

3 , 3 8 2 / 9 5 . 7

5 , 3 0 5 / 1 5 0 . 1

N 2 O

5 5 8 / 1 5 , 8 0 0

3 , 2 0 7 / 9 0 . 7

5 , 0 3 4 / 1 4 2 . 4

A r g o n

4 , 4

4 8 / 1 2 5 . 8

4 , 2 2 6 / 1 1 9 . 5

6 , 9 8 2

/ 1 9 7 . 5

6 , 6 3 4 / 1 8 7 . 7

1 0 , 7 0 0 / 3 0 2 . 8

6 6 1 k / 1 8 , 7 2 0 k

N E R

( % / d a y )

O 2 / N 2 / N 2 O

N A

1

. 4 / 2 / N A

1 . 4 / 2 / 0 . 5

1 . 4 / 2 / N A

1 . 4 / 2 / 0 . 5

O 2 =

1

O 2 = 0 . 2 5

O 2 W i t h d r a w a l R a t e

f t 3 / h r / l i t e r s / h r

U n l i m i t e d

3 5 0 / 9 , 9 0 5

3 5 0 / 9 , 9 0 5

4 0 0 / 1

1 , 3 2 0

4 0 0 / 1 1 , 3 2 0

5 7 5 / 1 6 , 2 7 2

U n l i m i t e d

N 2 O / C O

2 W i t h d r a w a l

R a t e f t 3

/ h r / l i t e r s / h r

V e r y H i g h

1 1 0 / 3 , 1 1 3

1 1 0 / 3 , 1 1 3

N S

N A = N o t A p p l i c a b l e . U s u a l l y , t h e s e c o n t a i n e r s a r e n o t u s e d w i t h t h i s g a s .

N S = n o n - s t a n d a r d . I t m a y b e p o s s i b l e t o u s e

a c o n t a i n e r i n t h i s m a n n e r , b u t t h e s u p p l i e r s h o u l d b e c o n s u l t e d .

U n l i m i t e d

i n d i c a t e s t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e r e o b v i o u s l y i s a l i m i t , i t i s s o h i g h a s t o b e e

f f e c t i v e l y i r r e l e v a n t w i t h m e d i c a l g a

s e s .

V e r y H i g h

i n d i c a t e s t h e l i m i t i s s o h i g h t h a t o n

l y r a r e s i t u a t i o n s w i l l a p p r o a c h i t .

N i t r o u s o x

i d e i s a b o v e i t ’ s t r i p l e p o i n t i n a n o r

m a l c y l i n d e r a n d t h u s i s b o t h a g a s a n d a l i q u i d i n s i d e . T h e p r e s s u r e i n

a c y l i n d e r a t 7 0 ° F i s

a b o u t 7 5 0

p s i . R a i s i n g o r l o w e r i n g t h a t t e m p e

r a t u r e w i l l d r a m a t i c a l l y a f f e c t t h a t p

r e s s u r e . C a r b o n D i o x i d e a c t s i n a s

i m i l a r m a n n e r .




Chapter 8Page 8

one basic fact. Gas cylinders in good condition can holdtheir contents indefinitely, whether used or unused. Incontrast, any liquid container will go empty over time,even if never connected to the system. This is true of allliquid containers, whether in portable or permanent form.

(To obtain more specialist knowledge of the operation of cylinders, containers and source equipment, request acopy of the BeaconMedæs “Applications Guide for Liquid Manifolds”)

Therefore, as a practical method of storing and deliveringgas, cylinders have no “floor” under which they cannot beused, but do have a “ceiling” because of their limited size.Portable liquid containers have a “floor” and a “ceiling”.Bulk stations also have a lower limit and an upper limit,but the upper limit is so high that it can be ignored formedical systems. See Detail 8.7 and your supplier for

guidance on these limits.

Oxygen : Assessing anticipated usage

As stated previously, the selection of an oxygen source islikely to be a decision made for economic reasons and noton technical grounds. The same factors may also meanthe source sizing will be done by the gas supplier. Asan example, if the facility is convenient for the supplier,and frequent deliveries are easy, a smaller source maybe recommended. A comparable facility located moreremotely may receive a larger system so the supplier needdeliver less frequently.

Nevertheless, it is important to be able to estimate the sizeof source required. To estimate source size calculate thefollowing:

1. Determine the bed count (licensed beds for the facilityare usually adequate as a starting point)

2. Add to the bed count the number of anesthetizinglocations in the facility.

3. Multiply this total by 400-1,000 cubic feet per monthper bed. The determination of which exact number touse in this wide range requires a judgement call based onknowledge of the facility and it’s intended mission. Asexamples: An outpatient clinic would use the lower end of the range. A full specialty hospital or trauma center woulduse the upper end. A surgery center or general hospitalwould typically fall somewhere in the middle.

4. If considering a manifold source, divide the result byfour to obtain a weekly use estimate. (The general rulewith any manifold is to size the manifold so that the facilityneed change the cylinders or containers not more oftenthan once a week.) This consumption number will allowyou to decide what size of manifold would be needed.

5. Reference Detail 8.9 to select appropriate sourceoptions for your estimated consumption.

Oxygen : Sizing Secondary and Reserves

When the main supply has been sized, it is necessary tosize the secondary and reserves as needed for compliancewith standards.

In the case of cylinder manifolds, the secondary is alwaysthe same size as the primary. For instance a facilityrequiring a 4 cylinder manifold will have 4 cylinders onthe primary and 4 cylinders on the secondary.

In the case of container manifolds with containersecondaries, the secondary is always the same size as theprimary. For instance a facility requiring a 1 container

manifold will have 1 container on the primary and 1container on the secondary. These manifolds must alsohave a separate cylinder reserve, which must be sized foran average 24 hours of demand. This size can be calculatedby dividing the consumption per month obtained earlier by30 days per month and dividing the result by the contentsof an “H” cylinder from Detail 8.7 and rounding up to thenearest whole number. The reserve header can be thissize or three cylinders, whichever is larger.

In the case of container manifolds with cylinder secondaries,the secondary cannot practically hold as much gas as theprimary, so it will be the subject of a separate calculation.

The secondary must be sized for at least an average 24hours of demand. This size can be calculated by dividingthe consumption per month obtained earlier by 30 daysper month and dividing the result by the contents of an“H” cylinder from Detail 8.7. BeaconMedæs recommendsthis number then be multiplied by 2 and rounded up to thenearest whole number to ensure an adequate secondarysupply. The product will be the minimum number of cylinders required on the secondary header. Thesemanifolds must also have a separate cylinder reserve,which must be sized for an average 24 hours of demand.

Detail 8.8

Gas Equivalents

Oxygen

LiquidWeight

(pounds/ kg)

Liquid Volumeat normal boiling

point(U.S. Gallons)

Gas Volumeat 70°F (21°C)

and 1 atmosphere

Liters Cubic Feet

1.0 / 0.45 0.105 342 12

9.5 / 4.3 1.0 3,259 115

See also Detail 8. and 8.13 for examples of Cylinder and Container contents




Patient Medical Gas Sources Page

The reserve can be the same size as the secondary or threecylinders, whichever is larger.

In the case of a minibulk, follow the rules as for thecontainer manifold with cylinder secondary above.

In the case of a bulk system, the size of the secondarywill be determined primarily by the ability of the supplierto deliver liquid under the most adverse circumstances.

The secondary must be sized not smaller than an average24 hour supply, but may need to be significantly largerto ensure refilling can be accomplished prior to runningempty.

Proceed to Locating The Source on page 13.

Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous Oxide is drawn from any one of three sourcetypes:

• A gas cylinder manifold, drawing Nitrous Oxide fromcylinders. Nitrous Oxide is above it’s triple point undeordinary conditions of storage and thus is actually a liquidin the cylinders (but not a cryogenic liquid).

• A liquid container manifold, drawing Nitrous Oxidefrom portable containers. The Nitrous Oxide is in lowtemperature form.

• A bulk liquefied Nitrous Oxide tank, drawing NitrousOxide from a large permanently mounted container(scontaining Nitrous Oxide in liquid form. Some of thesesystems are also refrigerated to reduce the NormaEvaporation Rate of the container.

The choice of source type will be made based on severacriteria. Unlike oxygen systems, the engineer wilcommonly make this selection without reference to othersIn some cases a decision may be made in consultationwith the owner and the owner’s gas supplier. The two

Detail 8.9 Oxygen source options

1k28.3k

2k56.6k

10k283k

100k2.8m

1m28m

20k566k

200k5.8m

Cubic Feet / liters gas consumed per month

2x

1x 1,530 4,600 20,300

3,000 9,100 40,700

2x2

1x13,000 9,100 40,700

6,100 18,300 81,400

MiniBulk 3,300 44,000

Bulk 3,600

14x14 12,80011,900

11,00010,000

9,2008,200

7,3006,400

5,5004,600

3,6002,700

1,8002x23x34x45x56x67x7 8x89x9

10x1011x1112x1213x13

Cylinder Manifolds


StationaryContainers

Source Type Legend

Source Ranges, Oxygen




Chapter 8Page 10

primary criteria:

1. Practicality. Almost all facilities except the largest willfind cylinder manifolds the most practical of source types.A few of the largest facilities may find it practical to usecontainer manifolds. Bulk Nitrous Oxide systems arequite rare and will be realistic only for the very heaviestusers of Nitrous where cost and site requirements are not

problems. Because Nitrous Oxide tends to be a low usegas, distance and frequency of delivery will usually betrivial factors.

2. Cost. If it is practical for a facility to use more than onesource option, the primary factor in selection will typicallybe cost of operation. However, unlike nitrogen or oxygen,the gas cost differential between gas and liquid may not belarge, and labor may be the only variable.

Information required for source selection includes:

1. What is the anticipated usage of Nitrous Oxide? See

below for how to estimate this.

If cost is a component of the decision:

2. What will the owner pay for Nitrous Oxide incylinders?

3. What will the owner pay for Nitrous Oxide in liquidform?

4. How much labor can be saved? For Nitrous Oxidealone, this is likely to be small.

5. If a bulk station is a possible option, is there anappropriate site which will be compliant with NFPA 99and NFPA 50 or 55, satisfactory to the facility, acceptableto local fire officials and accessible for the gas supplier?

To evaluate the information, it is important to understandhow the various cylinders, systems and containersoperate. While the detailed operation of containers isoutside the scope of this Guide, in summary it is importantto understand one basic fact. Gas cylinders in goodcondition can hold their contents indefinitely, whetherused or unused. In contrast, standard liquid containers

will go empty over time, even if never connected to thesystem. This is true of all standard liquid containers, butmay not be true of bulk Nitrous Oxide systems which maybe refrigerated. (To obtain more specialist knowledge of theoperation of cylinders, containers and source equipment,request a copy of the BeaconMedæs “Applications Guidefor Liquid Manifolds”)

Therefore, as a practical method of storing and deliveringgas, cylinders have no “floor” under which they cannot beused, but do have a “ceiling” because of their limited size.

Portable liquid containers have a “floor” and a “ceiling”.Bulk stations may have a lower limit and an upper limit,but the upper limit is so high that it can be ignored formedical systems. See Detail 8.7 and your supplier forguidance on these limits.

Nitrous Oxide : Assessing anticipated usage

There are two methods to estimate source size. The mostused is the rule of thumb method, and there is also thecalculation method.

To use the rule of thumb method:

Note that this method will work directly only for cylindermanifolds. However, Detail 8.11 will permit extrapolationto other source types.

1. Determine the number of anesthetizing locations to beserved. (all locations which will be piped with NitrousOxide)

2. Calculate: # locations X one-half (1/2) = an estimatednumber of cylinders used per week. (A general rule withany manifold is to size the manifold so that the facilityneed change the cylinders or containers not more oftenthan once a week.)

3. Use Detail 8.11 to select appropriate source types.

To use the calculation method:

1. In consultation with the medical staff, estimate the daily

usage of each piece of equipment which will be usedwith the system. This can be quite difficult to accuratelyestimate, so it is wise to estimate high.

2. Multiply the sum of all the daily equipment utilizationby seven (7) to obtain weekly usage. (A general rule withany manifold is to size the manifold so that the facilityneed change the cylinders or containers not more oftenthan once a week.)

3. Use Detail 8.11 to select appropriate source types.

Nitrous Oxide : Sizing Secondary and Reserves

When the main supply has been sized, it is necessary tosize the secondary and reserves as needed for compliancewith standards.

In the case of cylinder manifolds, the secondary is alwaysthe same size as the primary. For instance a facilityrequiring a 4 cylinder manifold will have 4 cylinders onthe primary and 4 cylinders on the secondary.

In the case of container manifolds with container




Patient Medical Gas Sources Page 11

secondaries, the secondary is always the same size as theprimary. For instance a facility requiring a 1 containermanifold will have 1 container on the primary and 1container on the secondary. These manifolds must alsohave a separate cylinder reserve, which must be sizedfor an average 24 hours of demand. This size can becalculated by dividing the consumption per week obtainedearlier by 7 days per week and dividing the result by thecontents of an “H” cylinder from Detail 8.13, rounding upto the nearest whole number. This number or 3 (three)cylinders, whichever is more, will be the minimum number

of cylinders required on the reserve header.

In the case of container manifolds with cylinder secondariesand Minibulk installations, the secondary cannot practicallyhold as much gas as the primary, so it will be the subjectof a separate calculation. The secondary must be sized forat least an average 24 hours of demand. This size can becalculated by dividing the consumption per week obtainedearlier by 7 days per week and dividing the result by thecontents of an “H” cylinder from Detail 8.7., rounded up tothe nearest whole number to ensure an adequate secondary

supply. The product, or 2 (two) cylinders, whichever islarger, will be the minimum number of cylinders requiredon the secondary header. These manifolds must also havea separate cylinder reserve, which must be sized for anaverage 24 hours of demand. The reserve can be thesame size as the secondary or three cylinders, whicheveis larger.

Secondaries and reserve for Bulk installations for NitrousOxide should be sized with the assistance of the gassupplier.


Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide is virtually always drawn from a gas cylindemanifold. While it is possible to obtain Carbon Dioxidein containers, the facility which uses such an enormousquantity of CO

2is so extraordinary as to be outside the

scope of a general guide. Please contact BeaconMedæsfor assistance with such systems.


1 10 20 30 40

Number of Anesthetising Locations piped with Nitrous Oxide

1x 2 13

2x 3 26

1x13 26

2x24 9 51

Bulk

Source Type Legend

Source Ranges, Nitrous Oxide

14x14 2826

2422

2018

1614

1210

86

42x23x34x45x56x67x7 8x8

9x910x1011x1112x1213x13

CylinderManifolds

Note: Consult withequipment and gas supplier for details on specifying abulk Nitrous system.

Detail 8.11Source Sizing for Nitrous Oxide Manifolds

(Rule of Thumb Method)




Chapter 8Page 12

3. Using Detail 8.12, select a manifold with this number of cylinders per side or 2 (two) cylinders per side, whicheveris larger.

To use the calculation method (applicable to CarbonDioxide systems for medical or laboratory use and forelevated pressure systems):

1. In consultation with the medical staff, estimate the dailyusage of each piece of equipment which will be usedwith the system. This can be quite difficult to accuratelyassess, so it is wise to estimate high.

2. Choose the smallest eligible manifold from Detail 8.12.These are calculated to provide for a weekly manifoldchange at the daily usage on the bottom scale.

Carbon Dioxide : Sizing the Secondary

In the case of cylinder manifolds, the secondary is alwaysthe same size as the primary. For instance, a facility

requiring a 2 cylinder manifold will have 2 cylinders onthe primary and 2 cylinders on the secondary.


Medical Air Manifolds

In smaller installations, sourcing Medical Air from amanifold can be both practical and economic. This isparticularly true for a facility where a Medical Air sourceis required to meet regulatory requirements but is in factnot expected to be used much if at all.

The user should refer to Chapter 5 of this Guide to determinethe estimated demand on the Medical Air source.

Carbon Dioxide is above it’s triple point under ordinaryconditions of storage and thus is actually a liquid in thecylinders (but not a cryogenic liquid).

Carbon Dioxide is not always piped at the typical 345 kPa(55 psi). It is very important to check the required pressurewhen piping Carbon Dioxide, as there are numerousmedical devices which require elevated delivery pressures

of which 690 kPa (100 psi) is the most common. Thesource equipment selected for these elevated pressures isdifferent from that used at 345 kPa (55 psi) and must beappropriately specified.

Carbon Dioxide : Assessing anticipated usage

There are two methods to estimate source size. The mostused is the rule of thumb method, and there is also a morecomplex calculation method.

To use the rule of thumb method (applicable only toCarbon Dioxide systems exclusively for medical use, and

not appropriate for elevated pressure systems):

1. Determine the number of medical locations to be served.(all locations which will be piped with Carbon Dioxide)

2. Choose the smallest eligible manifold off Detail 8.12 orcalculate: # locations times one-half (1/2) cylinder to obtainan estimate of the number of cylinders used per week. (Ageneral rule with any manifold is to size the manifold sothat the facility need change the cylinders or containers notmore often than once a week.)

18kL19kL

21kL23kL24kL

Daily Consumption of CO2

# Locations piped with CO2

14x14

2x23x34x4

5x56x67x7 8x89x910x1011x1112x1213x13

2 4

2126k

42412k

84824k

3.4k96k

1.6k48k

ft 3

L( )

6 8 10 12 14 1620 24

Cylinder Manifolds3.4kL5.3kL 7kL

8.7kL11kL

12kL14kL

16kL

Detail 8.12.1Source Sizing for Carbon Dioxide Manifolds

0.926

1.748

0.514

1.337

2.159

0.720

1.543

2.365

0.39

1.131

1.954

Air consumed per minute

14x14

2x23x34x45x5

6x67x7 8x89x910x1011x1112x1213x13

Cylinder Manifolds

ft 3

L( )

Detail 8.12.2Source Sizing for Medical Air Manifolds





Once the use requirement for Medical Air is determined,and a manifold appears to be a practical option, then Detail8.12.2 can be used to select an appropriate manifold.

Medical Air : Sizing the Secondary

Because of the limited scope for a Medical Air manifold,the secondary may be always made the same size as the

primary.

Proceed to Locating The Source below.

Exotics

Exotics include gases typically used only in specialistfacilities. Examples are Helium, Helium - Oxygen mixtures,Argon, Carbon Dioxide - Oxygen mixtures, Nitric Oxide,special respiratory mixtures, etc.

Because these gases are used only in specialty applications,no rule of thumb can be applied and the only way to assess

the size of these sources is via the calculation method:

1. In consultation with the medical staff, estimate the dailyusage of each piece of equipment which will be usedwith the system. This can be quite difficult to accuratelyestimate, so it is wise to estimate high.

2. Multiply the sum of all the daily equipment utilizationby seven (7) to obtain weekly usage. (A general rule withany manifold is to size the manifold so that the facilityneed change the cylinders or containers not more oftenthan once a week.)

3. The gas supplier should be consulted to determine the

exact contents of a typical cylinder (Detail 8.13 also givescontents for commonly used medical cylinders). Divide theproduct obtained in step 2 by the contents of a cylinder toobtain the number of cylinders required per week. Roundthis up to the nearest whole cylinder.

4. Use the number of cylinders obtained in Step 4, or 2(two) cylinders, whichever is greater, for each side of the

manifold.

Example: a facility assessment yields 340 liters (12 ft3) peday of a certain gas. Each cylinder contains 6,000 L (212ft3). 340 X 7 = 2,380 L per week. 2,380 / 6,000 = 0.39cylinders per week. 0.39 will round up to 1. Since 2 isgreater than 1, the manifold to schedule will be a manifoldwith 2 cylinders per side.

Be sure to verify the system pressure required and tospecify a manifold appropriate for that pressure.

Proceed to Locating The Source.

Locating the Source

The Flow Chart in Detail 8.5 diagrams the next element othe decision making process for locating gas sources.

Shortcut: Typical practice is to place manifolds indoorsand bulk systems out of doors. Starting with this premiseimmediately divides the total capacity and may helpresolve other problems as well.

Step 1: Sum the volumes of gas for each of the sources

Also sum all the different gases you would prefer to locatetogether (remember to consider nitrogen or instrumenair systems from Chapter 9, if piped). This value will befound by multiplying the number of cylinders or containerson each manifold by the typical value of cylinder andcontainer contents for that gas from Detail 8.13. (Note: iyou know the facility will use cylinders or containers of aspecific size, use that number instead of the typical valueshown). Stationary containers will have known contentsand that accurate value (converted to gas at STP, referenceDetail 8.8) should be used for those systems.

Step 2: If the facility wishes to store full cylinders or

containers in the same enclosure, include the storedcylinders and containers as well. If possible, obtain fromthe facility the number of cylinders and containers theyintend to store. Alternately, you can estimate the numbeof stored cylinders or containers by using the number ocylinders or containers on the primary header. Multiplythat count by the appropriate value in Detail 8.13 and addto the total obtained in Step 1. Note that if the facility doesnot intend to store cylinders in the manifold room a secondlocation must be provided for the purpose. This secondlocation must comply with all the rules which apply to the

Detail 8.13

Typical Contentsfor Medical Cylinders and Containers

Gas Cylinder PortableContainer

Oxygen 6,900L (244 ft3) 134m3 (5,096 ft3)

Nitrous Oxide 15,800L (558 ft3) 94m3 (3,574 ft3)

Carbon Dioxide 12,300L (434 ft3) 99m3 (3,766 ft3)

Air 6,550L (231 ft3)

Nitrogen 6,400L (226 ft3) 102m3 (3,864 ft3)

Helium 6,000L (212 ft3)

Argon 130m3 (4,961 ft3)

Notes:Quantities in this table are typical, but there are many dif-ferent sizes and filling protocols for cylinders and especially containers. Where available, values from the supplier should be used in preference to these.




Chapter 8Page 14

source locations. Perform a separate calculation for thatroom using the same method.

Upon completion of Step 1 and 2 you should have a totalstored capacity for each source by gas type and a sumof stored capacities by location. To evaluate the sourcelocations:

If the sum of oxygen connected (step 1) and in storage (step2) exceeds 566 m3 (20,000 ft3), the oxygen source musteither be located out of doors or divided into multiple

locations, each of which contains less than 566 m3

(20,000ft3), connected and in storage.

If the sum of nitrous oxide connected (step 1) and in storage(step 2) exceeds 793 m3 (28,000 ft3), the nitrous oxidesource must either be located out of doors or divided intomultiple locations, each of which contains less than 793m3 (28,000 ft3), connected and in storage.

The NFPA 99 does not speak to limits on other gases, butBeaconMedaes recommends that if any other gas storage

location exceeds566 m3 (20,000 ft3)total gas, connectedin storage, thatthe gas systemsbe moved out of doors if practicalor divided into as

many locations aswill ensure no onelocation containsmore than 566 m3 (20,000 ft3) of storedgases.

Prospective locationsshould be identifiedwhich would beappropriate for thegas sources. This maybe one location for

all manifold or bulksources, or multiplelocations each withone or more of thesources. Examplesmight be onelocation for a bulkoxygen system witha second location forall manifold sourcesor one location forall manifolds and a

second for storageof loose cylinders.Candidate locations should have at least the followingcharacteristics:

• Accessibility. This is particularly critical for bulk gasinstallations, where a tanker must be able to pull in closeto the front of the unit and remain safely parked during thedelivery process. However, access is also an importantconsideration even for a small manifold, as cylinders mustbe brought to the manifold, manipulated, and the emptiesremoved. Due to the weight of liquid containers, theypresent not only a concern for access, but also a challenge

in handling the containers themselves. Tanker access fora bulk installation or minibulk can best be evaluated byconsultation with the gas and equipment supplier. (Detail8.15.1 is an example of typical truck access requirements)Accessibility for cylinders and portable containers mustbe assessed by examining the route the attendant willbe required to follow when moving full cylinders andcontainers from the loading dock to storage, from storage tothe manifold, and moving empty cylinders and containersfrom the manifold to storage and the loading dock. Ensureobstacles are not in the pathway such as stairs or steep

PublicSidewalk

NearestParkedVehicle

Place of Public Assembly

RapidBurningSolids

SlowBurningSolids

Flammable andCombustible Liquids(stored aboveground)

Flammable andCombustible Liquids

(stored below ground)

Flammable

Gases

Liquid Hydrogen

Wood FrameStructure

NearestOpeningIn Wall

NearestNon-Ambulatory

Patient

Building

VentilationClearances

PropertyLine

50 ft15 meters

50 ft15 meters

50 ft15 meters

10 ft3 meters

10 ft3 meters

5 ft1.5 meters

1 ft0.3 meters

50 ft15 meters

50 ft15 meters

25 ft

8 meters25 ft8 meters

As required bythe supplier

75 ft23 meters

50 ft15 meters

10 ft3 meters

Detail 8.14Minimum Clearance Distances for Gas Sources Located Outdoors(Refer to NFPA 50 or 55 for additional details)





ramps, narrow doorways or doorways with thresholds. Itis also very undesirable to use public corridors or publicelevators to transport these, so an appropriate pathwayshould permit only service corridors and service elevatorsto be used.

• Placed where the ventilating system for the manifoldroom can vent to outside and the relief valve vents can bepiped to outside. While these vents and ducts can be runlong distances, doing so will greatly complicate the pipingand ventilation installation.

• If outdoors, located per NFPA 50 or NFPA 55. Note thatthis applies to any source type, NOT only a bulk system.(Ref NFPA 99 5.1.3.4.9.1(1), 5.1.3.4.10.1(1), 5.1.3.4.11.1(1)and Detail 8.14).

• Whether indoors or outdoors, protected fromtemperatures lower than -7°C (20°F) for nitrous oxideand carbon dioxide only or greater than 54°C (130°F) forany gas. Note that these temperature limits will precludeplacing these sources out of doors in many areas and willrequire protecting the sources from the direct sun in all

MINIMUM CLEARANCEAND TURNING RADIUS

FOR DELIVERY STATIONS

REAR VIEW

NOTES:

8'-6"

12'-6"APPROX.

R50'-0"

14'-6"

MIRROR TO MIRROR

14'-6"

20'-0"

R21'-0"

70'-0"

AISLE CLEARANCE

14'-0"OVERHEADCLEARANCE

15'-6"

14'-6"

1. HATCHED AREA TO REMAIN

42°

TYPICALCUSTOMERSTATION

APPROXIMATEOVERALL LENGTH

APPROXIMATEFULL WEIGHTLIQUID SERVICE

NITROGEN

57'-0" 80,000 lb

OXYGEN

57'-0" 80,000 lbARGON

60'-0" 80,000 lbCARBON DIOXIDE

57'-0" 80,000 lb57'-0" 80,000 lb

HELIUM

CLEAR FOR TRAILER ACCESS.

cases.

• In the case of Nitrous Oxide and Helium, protectedfrom theft. Both of these gases are often stolen, especiallywhen stored in small cylinders. Security for these cylindersis therefore an important consideration.

Detail 8.15.1Tanker Access Requirements for a Bulk Cryogenic System Installation. Courtesy of BOC.(Sample only: do not use without prior reference to the gas supplier for your project)

Make Up Air

Ceiling

Exhaustto Outside

Extracted Air

300 mm(1 foot)

300 mm(1 foot)

Detail 8.15.2Ventilation for Indoor Locations containing over 84,950 L(3,000 ft3)




Chapter 8Page 1

Laying Out the Sources: Ventilation

Once the source equipment is chosen and adequatelocations are selected, the equipment can be laid out inthe space, the equipment wiring and piping described,and ancillary services detailed.

Step 1: The ventilation requirements for the room or

enclosure must be determined and provided:

Indoor Locations: unless the total gas volume, connectedand in storage is below 84,950 L (3,000 ft3), mechanicalventilation must be provided for the room. This is typicallyachieved with a fan or blower. The system must operatecontinuously and must only extract air from the manifoldroom. It is not appropriate to use a common HVAC or

shared extraction system for this purpose. Provide for the

45” (111.8 cm)

61”155 cm

84”213 cm

96”

244 cm

WALL

Recommended minimum access clearance

20” (50.8 cm) Recommended cylinder space11” (27.9 cm) manifold enclosure front

Cylinder Header

System Connection (Typ.)

Ceiling (Typ.)

Note1

Note 1 : Overall Manifold Minimum Space Allocation(Outermost cylinder to outermost cylinder, staggered cylinders)

# Cylinders per header (total cylinders is 2x this number)2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

21” 36” 47” 57” 67” 77“ 87” 97” 107” 117” 127” 137” 147”53 cm 91 cm 119 cm 145 cm 170 cm 196 cm 221 cm 246 cm 272 cm 297 cm 323 cm 348 cm 373 cm

Minimum permitted number of cylinders is two x two (ref. NFPA 99 5.1.3.4.10.4 (2))Other cylinder header configurations are possible. Consult your BeaconMedæs representative for exceptionalsituations.

TM

Lifeline Gas x Gas ManifoldMinimum Clearance Dimensions

11/2004

MWA

Detail 8.16Lifeline Cylinder Manifold Dimensions





45” (111.8 cm)

61”155 cm

84”213 cm

96”244 cm

WALLWALL

20” (50.8 cm) Recommended cylinder space

11” (27.9 cm) manifold enclosure front

Reserve CylinderHeader

Secondary CylinderHeader


Ceiling (Typ.)

26” (66 cm)Recommendedcontainer space(will vary withcontainers used) Recommended minimum cylinder access clearance

56” (143 cm)

Recommended minimumcontainer access clearance

26"(66 cm)1

52”(132 cm)1

Note4

Note2

Note3

1 Recommended minimum design dimension is shown. Actual containers vary in diameter.2 Dimension is variable and Reserve may be located wherever convenient so long as it does not interfere with other

cylinders or containers.

Note 3 : Manifold Cylinder Minimum Space Allocation(Cabinet centerline to outermost cylinder, staggered cylinders)

# Cylinders2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

10.5” 18” 23.5” 28.5” 33.5” 38.5“ 43.5” 48.5” 53.5” 58.5” 63.5” 68.5” 73.5”27 cm 46 cm 60 cm 72 cm 85 cm 98 cm 110 cm 123 cm 136 cm 149 cm 161 cm 174 cm 187 cmMinimum permitted number of cylinders is two (ref. NFPA 99 5.1.3.4.10.4 (1))Other cylinder header configurations are possible. Consult your BeaconMedæs representative for exceptional situations.

Note 4 : Reserve Cylinder Header Minimum Space Allocation(Connection point to outermost cylinder, staggered cylinders)

# Cylinders3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

30” 35” 40” 45” 50“ 55” 60” 65” 70” 75” 80” 85”76 cm 89 cm 101 cm 114 cm 127 cm 139 cm 152 cm 164 cm 178 cm 190 cm 203 cm 216 cmMinimum permitted number of cylinders is three (ref. NFPA 99 5.1.3.4.10.4 (2))Other cylinder header configurations are possible. Consult your BeaconMedæs representative for exceptional situa-tions.

TM

Lifeline Liquid x Gas ManifoldMinimum Clearance Dimensions

11/2004

MWA

Detail 8.17Lifeline Container Manifold with CylinderSecondary Dimensions




Chapter 8Page 18

TM

Lifeline Liquid x Liquid ManifoldMinimum Clearance Dimensions

11/2004

MWA

45” (111.8 cm)

56” (143 cm)

61”155 cm

84”213 cm

96”244 cm

WALL

20” (50.8 cm) Recommended cylinder space11” (27.9 cm) manifoldenclosure front


Ceiling (Typ.)

26” (66 cm)Recommendedcontainer space

(will vary withcontainers used) Recommended minimum cylinder access clearance

Recommended minimumcontainer access clearance

26"(66 cm)1

52”(132 cm)1

1

Recommended minimum design dimension is shown. Actual containers vary in diameter.2 Dimension is variable and Reserve may be located wherever convenient so long as it does not interfere with othercylinders or containers.

Note2 Note3

Note 3 : Reserve Cylinder Header Minimum Space Allocation(Point of connection to outermost cylinder, staggered cylinders)

# Cylinders3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

30” 35” 40” 45” 50“ 55” 60” 65” 70” 75” 80” 85”76 cm 89 cm 101 cm 114 cm 127 cm 139 cm 152 cm 164 cm 178 cm 190 cm 203 cm 216 cmMinimum permitted number of cylinders is three (ref. NFPA 99 5.1.3.4.10.4 (2))Other cylinder header configurations are possible. Consult your BeaconMedæs representative for exceptionalsituations.

Detail 8.18Lifeline Container Manifold with Container Secondary Dimensions





air mover to extract the air from the room at or below300 mm (1 ft.) above finished floor and for makeup air ator above 300 mm (1 ft.) below finished ceiling. Ideally,location of the intake and makeup air openings will allowfor cross ventilation (see Detail 8.15.2) BeaconMedæsrecommends the air mover be sized to allow for 10 airchanges per hour or greater.

If the total gas connected and in storage is below 84,950L (3,000 ft3), it is permitted to use natural ventilation. Thiswill require two louvered openings (in the door or wall),one 300 mm (1 ft.) or less off the floor and another 300mm (1 ft.) or less off the ceiling.

These ventilation openings cannot open into an egresscorridor.

Outdoor locations must be ventilated to prevent gasaccumulation or the buildup of ice inside the enclosureObviously, this will only be a consideration if the enclosureis wholly or partly impermeable. Enclosures surroundedwith chain link or breeze block should be adequately

ventilated without other provisions being required.

Laying Out the Sources: Siting

The source equipment can now be placed in the room

STANDARD FOUNDATION FOR HOSPITAL

SYS w/300, 500, 900 OR 1500

& 3000 OR 6000 GAL. LOX TANK

w/ 3AH OR 5AH

ROUND OR SQUARE

12"

4" CONCRETE

3 ' - 6 "

GRADE

T.O.C.OR

3 ' - 6 "

1 2 "

6 "

FILLED PIPE

4 "

6 "

1 2 ' - 0 " M I N .

9 ' - 0 " ( F O R L O 2

T R A I L E R S )

12'-0" MIN.

6'-3"

3 ' - 0 "

3'-0"

26'-0"

1 8 ' - 0 "

6 ' - 3 "

7'-0"

NOTE-19

7 ' - 0 "

NOTE-19 1 ' - 0 "

11'-6"3'-0"

GRADE

N O T E

6

12"

3" CLEAR COVER

1 5 "

M I N .

6 "

7 "

6 x 6-6/6 WWF

TYPICAL

N.T.S.

3/4" MIN. DIA. USEANCHORING SYSTEMSIMILAR TO HILTIHVA SYSTEM

N.T.S.

TYPICAL

TRAILER

BACK IN

DETAIL-A

OUTLINE

NOTE-24

DETAIL-B

EARTHQUAKE ZONE 1 & 2A

DETAIL-A

DETAIL-B

REDUC-

ING

STATION

3000 OR 6000

GAL. LOX TANK

VAPORIZER

1500 GALLOX TANK

3AH OR 5AH

FILL CONN

FILL CONN.

900 OR

300, 500,

VAPORIZER FOUNDATION SECTION

NTS

VAPORIZER TO TANK FOUNDATION PAD SECTION

3

NTS

7 "

#5

3

1 2 "

#5SEE

NOTE #11

4" CRUSHED STONEOR GRAVEL2-#5 CONT.

#5 @ 12" E/W AT

CENTER OF SLAB

88

3" CLEAR COVER

12"

1 8 "

M I N .

N O T E

6

6 "

2" CLEAR COVER

12"

#5 @ 12" E/W, T & B

4" CRUSHED STONE

OR GRAVEL2-#5

CONT.

3" CLEAR COVER

FOUNDATION SECTIONNTS

Detail 8.19A Sample Drawing for a Bulk Cryogenic System Installation. Courtesy of BOC.(Sample only: do not use without prior reference to the gas supplier for your project)




Chapter 8Page 20

C y l i n d e r s I n S

t o r a g e C

y l i n d

er s On S e c on d a r y

Cylinders On Reserve

Liquid Containers

Secure Door with lock

One Hour (or greater)

Fire resistive construction

Cable or chain

restraints

Extraction

Blower

(intake at oor)

Air inlet

(at ceiling)

Minimum

of 155”

(393 cm)

Minimum of 90” (239 cm)

Detail 8.20A Sample Drawing of a Manifold Installation.





or enclosure. Dimensioned drawings of the Lifelinemanifold are given in Details 8.16 - 8.18. Dimensionaldetails for minibulk containers must be obtained fromtheir manufacturer, and bulk station drawings should beobtained from the supplier who is providing them to thefacility. A sample of such a drawing is provided in Detail8.19.

In all cases, it is very desirable to place all elements of thesame gas system in the same location. Primary, Secondaryand Reserve (when required) headers for a given systemmust all be in the same room. The one exception to thisrule is the secondary header for Instrument Air systems,which may be placed in the same enclosure as the aircompressor system (see Chapter 9).

In no case should manifolds of any gas be placed withmechanical or electrical equipment, boilers, or other similarelectrically driven equipment. It is of course acceptableto locate manifold sources for different gases in the sameroom. If this is a question in your design, reference NFPA

99 5.1.3.3 for specifics.

It is also desirable to keep the standby cylinders andcontainers in the same location, and many facilities alsoprefer to store empty cylinders and containers in the sameplace. All cylinders and containers must be able to berestrained in some manner which will prevent them fallingover, including standby full and empty cylinders andcontainers.

Consider traffic and access problems within the roomor enclosure. Doorways need to large enough to permit

cylinder carts to move in and out. Doors for manifoldrooms should be without thresholds. There must be roomfor the cylinders and containers to be maneuvered to and

Notes to Details 8.22 through 8.24

Note 1: The main line shutoff valve is not illustrated.Under NFPA 2005, a main line shutoff valve where the

pipeline first enters the building is required when:

1. The source is outside the building and

2. Not physically against an outside wall.

Where a main line shut off valve is present, the Demand check, Alarm pressure switch and Pressure guageillustrated at the source valve must be moved to be on the

patient side of the main line shutoff valve.

Note 2: Relief valve lines must vent to outside in a locationwhere there is not likely to be any problem caused if thevalves discharge. Particularly, the vent should be away from where people are likely to congregate or pass near

the discharge point, or where the gas might not be able todisperse freely.

Note 3: Relief valve piping from multiple manifolds may tietogether (eg. to a single pipe for penetration through thewall). The discharge lines must be sized appropriately fothe number of relief valves discharging into the common

pipe. BeaconMedæs recommends no pipe smaller than1/2” (13mm) be used for a relief line. If the piping runslonger than 50 feet from manifold to discharge, increasethe pipe size to 3/4”. Up to 5 manifolds can share acommon 1/2” line. Relief valve lines should be piped intype K copper.

from the headers. The operator must be able to get tothe controls in the event a quick adjustment is required.Detail 8.20 illustrates a room for a large single manifoldwhich includes these provisions.

Laying Out the Sources: Other requirements

Manifold rooms and enclosures have some particula

needs which should be considered and specified at thisstage:

These requirements include:

• All walls, doors, ceilings and floors must be of one houor greater fire resistive construction. Any finishes shouldbe fire resistive. Floors should not be covered with anyflammable materials especially if liquid oxygen is present inthe room. Consider reinforcing any areas where cylindersor containers are likely to impact walls. Remember thathey are heavy and difficult to control. Do not use manifoldor gas storage rooms for any other purpose.

• Provide lighting levels appropriate for work within theroom or enclosure and for outdoor locations, securitylighting. Outdoor locations may also require path lightingLighting for the site should be able to be switched on at thesite.

• All electrical items must be located above the leveat which they will be damaged by cylinders, carts, etcGenerally this is taken to be 1.5 M. (5 ft.) AFF. Except inthe rare case where the local jurisdiction requires themexplosion proof fixtures are not required. Outdoors

weatherproof fixtures are necessary.

Continued on Page 2




Chapter 8Page 22

To Outside(Ref. Note 2 and 3)

To Pipeline(Ref. Note 1)

Size to system requirements(ref. Chapter 11)

Cylinder Manifold without Reserve

System Pressure Gauge

Alarm Pressure Switch(wire to masters, see Detail 8.25.2)

Demand Check




Use Type K orthreaded brass pipe.

Cylinder Manifold with Reserve


Alarm Pressure Switch(wire to masters, see 8.25.2)

Demand Check

Reserve ContentsPressure Switch.Wire to ManifoldPower Supply Box.

Detail 8.22

General Piping and Wiring RequirementsCylinder Manifolds









Container Manifold with Reserve



Demand Check


1/2” (13mm)

Relief Valvevent





Container Manifold with Cylinder Secondary



Demand Check


1/2” (13mm)

Relief Valvevent

Detail 8.23General Piping and Wiring Requirements

Container Manifolds

See page 20for Notes.





Chapter 8Page 24





“Minibulk” with Cylinder Secondary



Demand Check


1/2” (13mm)

Relief Valvevent

Wire any alarms fromthe Minibulk to themaster alarms.

Pipe Minibulk relief and vent valve(s)to outside, either combined withother vents or alone.Pipe Minbulk fill line to outside asinstructed by manufacturer or gassupplier (special piping required).Pipe other lines as advised by themanufacturer or gas supplier.

MinibulkContainer

Note: MiniBulk containers may be provided with telemetry. Provide for connections as advised by the gas supplier.

Vent

Fill

ContainerRelief

Detail 8.24.1General Piping and Wiring Requirements for MiniBulk


Detail 8.24.2General Piping and Wiring Requirements for Bulk



Bulk System

Alarm Pressure Switch(wire to masters, see Detail 8.25.

Demand Check


Bulk Park (by others)Wire all alarms to both master alarms(see alarms schedule)

Source Valve

Main Line Shutoff

Building Wall

Grade

Split Conduit(see Detail 8.X)

Note: Bulk containers are typically provided with telemetry. Provide for connections as advised by the gas supplier.






Check valves

V

NOTE : While it is possible to place the relief valve for the emergency oxygen connection on the patient sideof the check valve, doing this requires the relief valve to be placed on a demand check fitting. Due to flowrestrictions, this is NOT advised.

To PipelineFrom Source

Relief valve,Piped to outside

Main Line valve

Inlet isolation valve

Connection point

Alarm Pressure Switch(wire to masters, see Chapter 10))


Demand Check

Detail 8.25.1Emergency Oxygen Inlet Piping Requirements per NFPA 99

N C

C O M

N C

C O M

N C

C O M

N C

C O M

N C

C O M

G n d

N L

Mains power120 VAC or 240 VAC fromEssential Electrical System,

life Safety Branch

Reserve ContentsSwitch

(included withReserve Kit)

LifelineManifold Power

Supply Box

MasterAlarm #1

MasterAlarm #2

Reserve LowReserve Low

Reserve InUse

ChangeoverChangeover

Reserve InUse

Multipin Connector fromPower Supply toManifold Cabinet

(furnished with Lifelinemanifold)

Detail 8.25.2Wiring a Lifeline Manifold to Master Alarms




Chapter 8Page 2

Continued from Page 21

• Doors and gates must be lockable from outside, andprovided with hardware which will enable the door or gateto stay open when cylinders are being moved.

• Outdoors, all manifold cabinets and cylinders mustbe protected from the weather, particularly from direct

sunlight, which can heat the cylinders above the maximum54°C (130°F). A common solution is a simple shed roof over the cylinders and the manifold. In northern climates,consider how snow can be removed for access to bulkstations.

• If heating is required, do not use any heaters where theheating element will be exposed to the gases in the room(eg. electric resistive heaters) or heaters with open flames.Indirect heating or steam heating is best.

Laying Out the Sources: Piping and Wiring

The basic piping required for a manifold are illustrated inDetail 8.22 through 8.24.1. Basic piping rules for a Bulkstation are illustrated in Detail 8.24.2.

Manifolds require mains power supply (120 vac/60hz/1øor 230 vac/50hz/1ø), and since they drive their respectivealarms, power for the manifolds must come from theEssential Electrical System, Life Safety branch.

Inside the manifold room all wiring should be in rigidconduit for protection. Run power and alarm wiring inseparate conduits.

Alarms are wired from the electrical supply box on Lifelinemanifolds, and alarm wiring should be in a rigid conduit inthe room or enclosure and separate from the power wiring.It is permitted to run the wiring for both master alarms inthe same conduit.

Wiring for the Reserve kit (where provided) must be runto the location of the reserve pressure switch. Detail 8.26diagrams the basic wiring requirement for each manifoldconfiguration.

The Emergency Oxygen Inlet

Emergency oxygen inlets are required on any cryogenicoxygen (Container manifold, minibulk or bulk) sourcelocated remote from the building. BeaconMedæsrecommends you include the connection and accessorieswhenever you locate any liquid oxygen source out of doors.

See Detail 8.25.1 for piping requirements.

Finishing Up

Schedule on the plans (Detail 8.26 is an example):

Each source by gas service, including:

• Source Type

• Source size (i.e. number of cylinders or containers oneach header, size of primary container and reserve for bulksystems.)

• Alarms to be provided at the master panels (see Chapter10 for more specifics on alarms)

• Other details specific to the design.

Some Notes on Manifold Operation

Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide are above their triplepoint in a normal cylinder and thus are both a gas and aliquid inside. The pressure in a cylinder of Nitrous at 70°Fis about 750 psi. Raising or lowering the temperature maydramatically affect the pressure.

Cylinders of these gases will maintain a constant pressurewhich will vary only with the temperature until all theliquid is changed to gas, at which point the pressure willfall very rapidly. The only way to accurately determine thecontents of a Nitrous Oxide or Carbon Dioxide cylinder isto weigh it.

This same limitation applies to any liquified gas (oxygen,nitrogen, helium, etc) and is a major reason that containermanifolds for these gases must be provided with a thirdheader in reserve.





Detail 8.26

Example of a Schedule for Standard Medical Gas Source equipment

Medical Gas Source Schedule

Gas Service Equipment Type Size Basis of design Notes

Oxygen Bulk Cryogenic

System

3,000 gallon main tank

and 500 gallon reserve

Oxygen Supplier

Drawing

To be installed by gas

supplier Med Gascontractor to coordinate.

NitrousOxide

Cylinder Manifold 4 cylinders x 4 cylinders BeaconMedæs Lifeline6-107011 Series

CarbonDioxide

Cylinder Manifold 2 cylinders x 2 cylinders BeaconMedæs Lifeline6-107120 Series

100 psi output.

Nitrogen Container Manifold 1 container x 8 cylinderswith 8 cylinder reserve

BeaconMedæs Lifeline6-109014 Series



TM

1800 O er ie Dri e Rock Hill SC Phone 1 888 4 MED GAS Fa 803 817 5750

Date post:	03-Apr-2018
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