CADD Handout

8/11/2019 CADD Handout

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INTRODUCTION TOCOMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING AND DESIGN

(CADD)

Rico C. Asuncion

JANUARY 2011


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ROCSAN\cad training topics\CADD Handout.doc 1

LESSON 1. STEPPING INTO AUTOCAD

A. Start-up Dialog Box ( available up to version 2006 )Specifies whether to open a drawing or start a new drawing using various

methods:

1. Open a Drawing: Opens an existing drawing. You can choose from thefour most recently opened drawings, or browse for any file. This option isnot available when you access this dialog box from the NEW command.

2. Start from Scratch: Creates a new drawing using either English or metricdefault settings.

3. Use a Template: Creates a new drawing using the settings defined in atemplate drawing you select. Drawing template files have a .dwt fileextension.

4. Use a Wizard: Creates a new drawing using the settings you specify ineither the Quick or Advanced wizard.

B. Understanding the AUTOCAD Window User Interface (2008)


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1. Title Bar2. Pulldown Menu3. Standard Toolbar4. Object Property Toolbar

5. Other Toolbars6. Crosshair7. UCS (User Coordinate System) icon8. Model and Layout Tabs9. Command Window10. Status Bar

a. Snap (F9)b. Grid (F7)c. Ortho (F8)d. Polar (F10)e. Osnap (F3)

f. Otrack (F11)g. Lwth. Modeli. Dyn (F12)

C. Function Keys

F1 - HelpF2 - Switches between Graphics and Text ScreenF3 - Turns Osnap On/OffF4 - Turns Tablet On/OffF5 - Cycles to Top, Right and Left IsoplanesF6 - Turns Coordinates On/OffF7 - Turns Grid On/OffF8 - Turns Ortho On/OffF9 - Turns Snap On/OffF10 - Turns Polar On/OffF11 - Object Snap Tracking On/ OffF12 - Turns Dynamic Input On/ Off (starts in version 2006)

D. Using Button Functions of the Mouse

The first 10 pointing device buttons are automatically assigned; you canreassign all except button 1, the pick button.1. Two-button Mouse

1. Left button is the pick button used to

Specify locations

Select objects for editing

Choose menu options and dialog box buttons and fields2. Right button on a mouse depends on context; it can be used to


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End a command in progress

Display a shortcut menu

Display the Object Snap menu

Display the Toolbars dialog box Right-click operation can be modified in the Options dialog box.

The operation of additional buttons on a pointing device isdefined in the menu file.

2. The Wheel MouseThe wheel mouse has a small wheel between the buttons. The left

and right buttons behave the same as they do on a standard mouse.You can rotate the wheel by discrete values. You can use the wheelto zoom and pan in your drawing without using any commands.

By default, the zoom factor is set to 10 percent; each increment inthe wheel rotation changes the zoom level by 10 percent. TheZOOMFACTOR system variable controls the incremental change,whether forward or backward. The higher the number, the larger the

change.The following table lists the wheel mouse actions supported in thisprogram.

To... Do this...

Zoom in or outRotate the wheel forward to zoom in,

backward to zoom outZoom to drawing extents Double-click the wheel button

PanHold down the wheel button and drag the

mouse

Pan (joystick)Hold down CTRL and the wheel button, and

drag the mouseDisplay the Object Snap

menuWith the MBUTTONPAN system variable set

to 0, click the wheel button

E. Drawing Area Preparation

1. LIMITS - Sets and controls the limits of the drawing boundaries andgrid display in the current Model or layout tab The drawing limits aretwo-dimensional points in the world coordinate system that representthe lower-left and upper-right boundaries. You cannot impose limits onthe Zdirection.

2. GRIDs, SNap, ORTHO - Specifies drafting settings organized fordrawing aids in three categories: Snap and Grid, Polar Tracking, andObject SNAP

3. UNits - Defines the unit and angle formats.


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Onscreen paper size can be presented using the following: Grid Extents - use LIMITS command to modify grid extent Bounding Objects - paper can be represented by a rectangle,

corner pts., line, etc.

Limits for 11 x 8.5 paper (letter size) at 1:100 scaleConvert inches to meter

11 * 2.54 = 27.948.5 * 2.54 = 21.59

F. AutoCAD Coordinate System

1. You can use Cartesian (Rectangular) Coordinates to locate pointswhen creating objects.

To use Cartesian coordinates to specify a point, enter anXvalue and aY value separated by a comma (X,Y). The X value is the positive or

negative distance, in units, along the horizontal axis. The Y value is thepositive or negative distance, in units, along the vertical axis.

a. Absolute Cartesian coordinates are based on the UCS origin(0,0), which is the intersection of the X and Y axes. Use absolutecoordinates when you know the preciseXand Yvalues of the point.

With dynamic input, you can specify absolute coordinates with the #prefix. If you enter coordinates on the command line instead of in thetooltip, the #prefix is not used. For example, entering #3,4specifies apoint 3 units along the X axis and 4 units along the Y axis from theUCS origin.

The following example draws a line beginning at an Xvalue of -2, a

Yvalue of 1, and an endpoint at 3,4. Enter the following in the tooltip:Command: lineFrom point: -2,1To point: 3,4

The line is located as follows:


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b. To specify Relative Cartesian coordinates, precede thecoordinate values with an @ sign. For example, entering @3,4specifies a point 3 units along the Xaxis and 4 units along the Yaxis

from the last point specified.The following example draws the sides of a triangle. The first side isa line starting at the absolute coordinates -2,1 and ending at a point 5units in theXdirection and 0 units in the Ydirection. The second sideis a line starting at the endpoint of the first line and ending at a point 0units in the X direction and 3 units in the Y direction. The final linesegment uses relative coordinates to return to the starting point.

Command: lineFrom point: -2,1To point: @5,0To point: @0,3

To point: @-5,-3

2. You can usePolar Coordinates(distance and angle) to locate pointswhen creating objects.

To use polar coordinates to specify a point, enter a distance and anangle separated by an angle bracket (


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a. Absolute Polar coordinates are measured from the UCS origin(0,0), which is the intersection of the X and Y axes. Use absolutepolar coordinates when you know the precise distance and anglecoordinates of the point.

With dynamic input, you can specify absolute coordinates with the #prefix. If you enter coordinates on the command line instead of in thetooltip, the #prefix is not used. For example, entering #3


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b. Relative Polar coordinates are based on the last point entered.Use relative coordinates when you know the location of a point inrelation to the previous point.

To specify relative coordinates, precede the coordinate values withan @ sign. For example, entering @1


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3. Direct Distance EntryYou can specify a point by moving the cursor to indicate a direction

and then entering the distance.To specify a line length quickly, without entering coordinate values,

you can specify a point by moving the cursor to indicate a direction

and then entering the distance from the first point. You can entercalculated distances from the QuickCalc calculator.You can use direct distance entry to specify points for all

commands requiring more than one point. When Ortho mode or polartracking is on, this method is an efficient way to draw lines of specifiedlength and direction, and to move or copy objects.

Note: The direct distance entry method is not available while youare using the temporary override keys for Ortho mode, object snaptracking, or polar tracking.

4. PolarSnaprestricts cursor movement to increments of a polar distance

you specify. For example, if you specify a length of 4 units, the cursorsnaps from the first point specified to lengths of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and soon. As you move your cursor, a tooltip indicates the nearest PolarSnapincrement. To restrict point entry to polar distances, both polar trackingand Snap mode must be on. You can turn off all snapping and trackingtemporarily by using an override key.

G. AUTOCAD Selection Methods

1. Last - Selects the most recently created visible object.2. Using Pick box - A small box, called the object selection target,

replaces the crosshairs on the graphics cursor. You can select objectsindividually with the pointing device.

3. Using Window - Select all objects completely inside a rectangledefined by two points. Specifying the corners from left to right create awindow selection.

4. Using Crossing - Selects objects within and crossing an area definedby points. A crossing selection is displayed as dashed lines orotherwise highlighted to differentiate it from window selection.Specifying the corners from right to left creates a crossing selection.

5. All- Selects all objects (except objects in Locked or Frozen Layers)

H. Object Snap Tools

An object snap mode specifies a point at an exact location on anobject. You can use an object snap once in the middle of a command, oryou can set running object snaps. Running object snap modes can betoggled on and off with the Osnap button on the status bar. You can usethe TAB key to cycle through available object snaps. Object snap settingare stored with the drawing.


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In addition to single-point object snaps, you can turn on running objectsnaps. Running object snaps stay on until you turn them off. You canalso turn on more than one running object snap at a time.1. ENDpoint - Snaps to the closest endpoint of an arc, elliptical arc, line,

mline, polyline segment, or ray or to the closest corner of a trace, solid,

or 3D face.2. MIDpoint - Snaps to the midpoint of an arc, elliptrical arc, line, mline,polyline segment, solid, spline, or xline.

3. ENDpoint - Snaps to the intersection of an arc, circle, ellipse, ellipticalarc, line, mline, polyline, ray, spline, or xline.

4. EXTension - Snaps to the extension point of an object. You canestablish an extension path by moving the cursor over the endpoint ofan object. A marker is placed on the endpoint. While the endpoint ismarked, the cursor snaps to the extension path of the endpoint.

5. APParent Intersection - Apparent Intersection includes two separatesnap modes: Apparent Intersection and Extended Apparent

Intersection. Apparent Intersection snaps to the apparent intersectionof two objects (arc, circle, elliptical arc, line, mline, polyline, ray, spline,or xline) that do not intersect in 3D space but appear to intersect in thedrawing display.

6. EXTended Apparent Intersection - snaps to the imaginary intersectionof two objects that would appear to intersect if the objects wereextended along their natural paths.

7. CENter - Snaps to the center of an arc, circle, ellipse, or elliptical arc.8. NODe - Snaps to a point object.9. QUAdrant - Snaps to a quadrant point of an arc, circle, ellipse, or

elliptical arc.10. INSertion - Snaps to the insertion point of an attribute, a block, a

shape, or text.11.TANgent - Snaps to the tangent of an arc, circle, ellipse, or elliptical

arc.12.NEArest - Snaps to the nearest point of an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical

arc, line, mline, point, polyline, spline, or xline.13.PERpendicular - Snaps to a point perpendicular to an arc, circle,

ellipse, elliptical arc, line, mline, polyline, ray, solid, spline, or xline.]14.PARallel - Snaps to an extension in parallel with an object. When you

move the cursor over the endpoint of an object, the endpoint is markedand the cursor snaps to the parallel alignment path to that object. Thealignment path is calculated from the current from point of thecommand.

15.QUIck - Snaps to the first snap point found. Quick must be used inconjunction with other object snap modes.

16.NONe - Turns off object snap modes.


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For example, to turn on the grid while drawing a line, you can start theGRID command transparently by preceding the command with anapostrophe. Two right angle brackets (>>) precede prompts fortransparent commands.

Command: lineSpecify first point: 'grid>>Specify grid spacing(X) or [ON/OFF/Snap/Aspect] : onResuming LINE commandSpecify first point:

In the Command Reference, the command access sections identifycommands that you can use transparently.

3. Suppressing Dialog BoxesMany commands provide both command line and dialog box

interfaces. In most cases, when both a command line and dialog box

interface are available, the command line version is preceded with ahyphen character. For example, the command line version of GROUPis -GROUP.

You can also control the display of file dialog boxes through theFILEDIA system variable. See appendix B, "System Variables."

4. Responding To PromptsIf a command does not immediately execute, AutoCAD either

displays a dialog box or displays prompts on the command linerequesting more information. Command line prompts are structured asfollows:

Command: commandnameCurrent settings: Setting1 Setting2 Setting3Instructional text [Option1/oPtion2/opTion3/...] :

The optional current value line displays the current settings for thecommand or for system variables related to the command. Thesucceeding prompts identify the type of input required to complete thecommand and, when applicable, list the available options in straightbrackets and a default option or value in angle brackets. In somecases, AutoCAD determines default options and values based on theoption or value that you last specified, or based on the settings ofcertain system variables.

Typically, the first word of a prompt indicates the type of action youcan take. Most command line prompts begin with the word enter,select, or specify. These words indicate how you can respond to theprompt.


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5. Terminology In Command Line Prompts

If the prompt starts You can...with...

Select Select objects on the screen using your

pointing device.Enter Enter text on the command line.Specify Use your pointing device or enter text on

the command line to select a point locationon the screen.

6. Selecting Options On The Command LineTo select one of the options contained within the straight brackets,

you can enter the entire option name or only the capitalized letters, andthen press ENTER or SPACEBAR. To select the default optionenclosed in angle brackets (), if available, press ENTER orSPACEBAR.

You can also choose command options from a shortcut menu byright-clicking in the drawing area while the command is active. Theoptions available on the command line appear in the shortcut menu.For information about how to enable or disable this shortcut menu, see"Controlling Default, Edit, and Command Shortcut Menus" in chapter 2,"Getting Started," in the User's Guide.

7. Entering Data On The Command LineSome prompts ask you to enter data, rather than (or as an

alternative to) choosing an option. To do so, enter the text on thecommand line and press ENTER or SPACEBAR. However, be awarethat when the command line prompt requests an object name,SPACEBAR inserts a space on the command line rather than acting asENTER. This allows for the support of extended symbol names.

Just as default command options are often provided, prompts mayinclude default values, enclosed in angle brackets (), when data isrequested. For example, the POLYGON command displays thefollowing prompt, suggesting 4 as the number of sides for yourpolygon:

Command: polygonEnter number of sides :To accept the default value, press ENTER or SPACEBAR.

8. Using Wild-Card Characters On The Command LineWhen the prompt directions ask for a name list, such as a block

name, variable name, named view, and so on, you can use wild-cardcharacters to specify names.

9. Repeating CommandsIf no command is active, you can repeat the previous command by

pressing ENTER or SPACEBAR or by right-clicking in the drawing area


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and choosing the Repeat Command name option from the shortcutmenu.

10.Accessing Recently Used CommandsYou can access the six most recently used commands from a

shortcut menu by right-clicking in the command window and choosing

Recent Commands.11.Cancel CommandsYou can cancel or exit a command at any time by pressing ESC

key.


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LESSON 2. DRAWING COMMANDS

A. Linears

1. Line - Creates straight line segments with Close and Undo features

Undo

Undo

Close

pointnext

pointnextpointfirstL

2. TRACE- Creates solid lines, no Undo, and has no Close features andhard to edit.

pointtexnpointstartwidthtraceTRACE

*Suppressing Solid Region :FILL(on/off)*Regeneration

3. SKETCH - Command for free hand drawing, comprising of small linesegments. Sketch is useful for entering small map outlines,signatures, or other freehand drawings.

Connect

Erase

Record

Quit

eXit

Pen

incrementrecordSKETCH

4. MLine - Creates multiple parallel lines

STyle

Scale

ionJustificat

startpointML

*Creating multiline style: MLSTYLE5. RAY- Creates semi-infinite lines commonly used as construction lines.

A ray has a finite starting point and extends to infinity.

ntthroughpoistartpointRAY


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6. XLine - Creates infinite lines, which are commonly used asconstruction lines.

Offset

Bisect

Ang

Ver

Hor

pointthroughpointaspecify

XL

7. PLine (Polyline) - Draw line and arc segments that form a singleobject.

width

Undo

Lenght

Halfwidth

Width

Undo

ptSecond

Radius

Line

Halfwidth

DirectionCEnter

Angle

Arc

pointstartPL

B. Curves

1. Circle

Ttr

2P

3P Diameter

Radiuspointcenter

C


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2. Arc

Lengthchord

Angleendpoint

pointstartpointcenterCenter

Radius

Direction

Angle

center

pointcenterEnd

Lengthchord

Angle

endpoint

pointcenterCenter

endpointpointsecond

pointstart

A

3. SPLine - Creates a quadratic or cubic spline curve

Object

toleranceFit

Close

pointnext

pointfirstSPL

4. ELlipse - Creates an Ellipse or an elliptical arc

axisothertodistanceenpointaxisellipseofcenterCenter

axisothertodistanceendpointaxisotherarcellipticalofendpointArc

axisothertodistanceaxisofendpointotherendpointaxis

EL

5. DOnut - Draws filled circles and rings

donutofcenterdiameteroutsidediameterinsideDO

6. PLine (Polyline)


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C. Special Objects

1. RECtangle - A pline entity. Draws rectangular object. The twospecified points determine the diagonal corners of a rectangle withsides parallel to the X and Y axis.

Width

Elevation

Fillet

Thickness

Chamfer

dimensions

pointcornerotherpointcornerfirst

REC

2. POLygon - A polyline entity. Draws 2D polygons with 3 to 1024 sides.All sides are equal and equidistant from the center.

endpointsecondendpointfirstEdge

Diameter

Radius

bedCircumscri

Inscribedpolygonofcenter

sidesofno.POL

3. BHatch - Line patterns use to fill a close area (pline, 3Dface, etc.) Ahatch pattern act as one unit, unless when exploded.

Types of Hatch Pattern:a. User define - Creates a pattern of lines based on the current

linetype in o\your drawing. You can control the angle andspacing of the lines in your user-define pattern.

b. Predefine - Specified a stored predefine AutoCAD pattern. You cancontrol the angle and scale of any stored pattern.

c. Custom - Specifies a pattern that is defined in any custom .PAT filethat you added to the AutoCAD search path.

4. SOlid - To create a solid filled region. Specify area to solid byspecifying boundary points. Specify points all even or odd pointsmust be on the same side.

pointfourthpointthirdpointsecondfirstpointSO

D. Point

1. POintTo specify a point2. PDMODE To specify point style (or go to Format menu, pick Point

style to view the Point Style dialog box).3. PDSIzeTo specify point size or scale


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E. Labeling a Plan

1. TEXT / DText - Using TEXT or DTEXT you can create one or morelines of text and end line when you press ENTER. Each text line is aseparate object that can relocate, reformat, or otherwise modify.

a. Justify - As you create a text, you can align it horizontally. That is,you can justify it using one of the alignment options. Left- align isthe default, do not enter an option at justify prompt.

Start - Left-align is the default, do not enter an option at justifyprompt.

Center/ Right/ Middle/ TL/ TC/ TR/ ML/ MC/ MR/ BL/ BC/ BR

Align/ Fit - You can also fit line text between points that youspecify. This option stretches or squeezes the text to fill thedesignated space.

b. Style To specify the Font style which can be created Using theSTyle command

2. mText - Creates paragraphs that fit within a nonprinting text boundary.You create the text boundary to define the width of the paragraph. Youcan also specify the justification, style, height, rotation, width, color,spacing, and other text attributes using MTEXT.

The Multiline Text Editor is displayed after you specify the secondcorner of the boundary box.

Arrows inside the boundary box indicat the flow of the entered textbased on the current justification setting.

In the Multiline Text Editor, enter the text.Text that extends beyond the boundary box width wraps tothe next line.

To convert text to uppercase as you enter it, double clickAutoCAPS. Chose OK.

- Special Text Characters%%p -draws a plus/minus symbol ( + )%%d -draws a degree symbol ( o )%%c -draws a diameter symbol ( )

Text Height: use the following height based on plotting scale.if 1:100m = 0.25if 1:200m = 0.50if 1:50m = 0.125if 1:1000m = 2.50

note : x 1000 on text height if units = mm

Autostack - stacks fractions as you type. In the Multiline TextEditor enter a fraction and Autostack Properties dialog box isdisplayed.

Specify text to be stacked. Separate characters by a slash,pound sign, or carat.


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Horizontal : 1/4 becomes

Tolerance : 1^4 becomes

Diagonal : 1#4 becomes

F. Text Style And Font File

All text in an AutoCAD drawing has a text style associated with it. Whenyou benter text, AutoCAD uses the current text style, which sets the font,size, angle, orientation, and other text characteristics. You can create manytext styles for use in your drawings. You can reuse the text styles you createby copying the text styles into other drawing using the AutoCAD DesignCenter.

STyle - Command to load a font file and to further modify its appearances.

1

4

1

4


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E. Commands to Edit Polylines

1. EXplode - Breaks a compound objects into its component objects

objectsselectX

2. PEdit - Command to edit polyline.

Undo

genLtype

Decurve

Spline

Fit

eXit

Width

Tangent

Straighten

Regen

Move

Insert

Break

Previous

Next

vertexEdit

Width

Join

Close

Multiple

objectsselectPE

F. Commands to Change Position of Endpoints

1. TRim - Trims objects at a cutting edge define by other objects

trimtoobjectedgescuttingTR

2. grip - Command that allows you to make quick changes to objects in adrawing.

3. EXtend - Command to lengthen linears and curves up to specifiedboundary.

extendtoobjectedgesboundaryEX


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4. CHANGE point - Command to lengthen or shorten lines by a changepoint.

Thickness

LWeight

ltScale

LType

LAyer

Elevation

Color

Properties

tchangepoin

objectsselectCHANGE

5. LENgthen- Command to lengthen/ shorten some linears and curves.

objectselect

Dynamic

Angle

lengthtotalTotal

lengthpercentagePercent

Angle

lengthdeltaDElta

objectselect

LEN

6. BReak - Command to break objects except hatch, solids, blocks, andtexts/shapes.

pointbreaksecondpointbreakfirstpointrstFi

pointbreaksecondobjectselectBR

G. Commands to Edit Text

1. SPell- Command to check text spelling.2. ddEDit- Command to edit text and attribute definitions3. MOdify- command to edit text location, height, angle, style, justification

and value.

4. FIND - Command to find, replace, select, or zoom to a specified text.

H. Commands to Mark and Measure

1. POint - command to create a point onscreen

DDPTYPE - modifies point size and style

pointaspecifyPO


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2. DIVide - Marks off a specified number of equal lengths on selectedobjects by placing point objects or block along the lengths or perimeterof the object. Valid object that can be ivided includes arcs, circles,ellipses and elliptical arcs, polylines, and splines.

No

YesalignblockofnameBlock

segmentsobjectselectDIV

3. MEasure - Marks off a specified segment length on selected object byplacing a point or blocks.

No

YesalignblockofnameBlock

segmentoflength

objectselectME

I. Commands to Delete and Undelete

1. EraseRemoves objects from a drawing.2. UNDO - Reverses the effect of commands. Enter the number of

operations to undo or [Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back]: Enter apositive number, enter an option, or press ENTER to undo a singleoperation. UNDO displays the command or system variable name onthe command line to indicate that you have stepped past the pointwhere the command was used.

3. REDO - Reverses the effects of previous UNDO or U commands.

REDO must immediately follow the U or UNDO command.4. OOPS - Restores objects erased by the last ERASE command. You

can also use OOPS after BLOCK or WBLOCK because thesecommands can erase the selected objects after creating a block. Youcannot use OOPS to restore objects on a layer that has been removedwith the PURGE command.

J. Commands to Inquire

1. DIstance - Measure the distance and angle between two points.2. AreA - Calculates the area and perimeter of objects or of defined

areas.3. MASSPROP- Calculates and displays the mass properties of regionor solids.

4. LIst - displays database information for selected objects.5. ID- Display the coordinate value of a location


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LESSON 4. OBJECT PROPERTIES

A. LAYERS

Layer - An electronic overlay similar to an acetate. Every layer has an

associated and linetype. Layers are equivalent of the overlays used inpaper-based drafting. They are the primary organizational too in AutoCAD.1. Advantage of Layers

Easy selecting

Selective printing

Control of regeneration

Easy editing2. Capabilities of layers

a. Off - object in layer turned off are invisible on screen or in plottingbut included in REGENeration. Use on to restore visibility.

b. Freeze - same effect using OFF, does not displays, plot or

generated object on frozen layers but it will speed up ZOOM, PAN,and other display commands: improve object selectionperformance; and reduce regeneration time for complex drawings.Use THAW to restore frozen layers.

c. Lock - you cannot edit the on a locked laye; however, they are stillvisible if the layer is on the thawed. You can make a locked layercurrent and you can add object to it. Use UNLOCK to restore.

d. Plot / No Plot(2000)- prevent the selected layers from being plotted.It can be useful to turn off plotting for a layer that containsreference information. You can view the reference information whileyou work.

Color Method- BYBLOCK - assign color to object using COLOR or DDCOLOR

and CHPROP commands.- BYLAYER - object inherit color of destination layer. Use LAYER

command to assign color by layer.

Linetype Method-BYBLOCK - assign linetype to object using CHPROP or

DDCHROP & DDLTYPE COMMANDS.- BYLAYER - object inherit color of destination layer. Use LAYER

command to assign linetype by layer.

3. Lineweight Add width to your objects. All objects can be displayed and plotted

with lineweights except True Type fonts, raster images, points,and solid fills (or 2D solids). AutoCAD provides a number ofavailable lineweights, including DEFAULT, which is the default. Thedefault value of DEFAULT is .01 inch or .25mm. (this value is setby using the LWDEFAULT system variable or in the lineweightsetting dialog box)


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4. Creating layersCommand : LA(enter)

Layer properties manager dialog box will appear in your screena. in the Layer Properties Manager, choose NEW. A new layer is

displayed in the list with the temporary name LAYER1.

b. Enter a new name.Example: WALLSTo create more than one layer, choose New again, enter the newlayer name, and press ENTER.

5. To Assign A Color to a layera. In the Layer Properties Manager, select a layer name and click the

Color icon.b. In the select Color dialog box, select a color name or enter a color

number in the color box.c. Choose OK

6. To assign linetype to a layer

a. In the Layer Properties Manager, select a layer and then click thelinetype associated with that layer.b. If you do not see the linetype that you want, choose Load to load a

linetype from a file.c. In the linetype managerm you can load additionallinetypes.d. Choose the linetype that you want and choose OK.

7. To assign a line weight to a layera. In the layer properties manager, select a layer and then click the

lineweight associated with that layer.b. In the lineweight dialog box, select a lineweight from the list.c. Choose OK to exit each dialog box.

B. Change Properties

1. PROPERTIES (PROPS, CH, MO) - Command to change properties.Properties window dialog box will appear in your screen.a. In the properties windows, choose quick select.b. In the quick select dialog box under apply to. Select entire drawing.c. Under object type, select line.d. Under Properties, select layer.e. Under operator, select Equals.f. Under Value, select Wallsg. Under How To Apply, select include in New Selection Set.h. Choose OK

LTSCALE - sets the global linetype scale factor (cannot beequal to zero. Use LTSCALE to change the relative length oflinetypes per drawing unit.

Quick Select (2000) - to select objects based on objectstype orobject properties.


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AutoCAD selects all lines in the drawing under layer walls andcloses the quick Select dialog box.

i. Change the property values in a dialog boxj. Press enter (Twice)

CHANGE and CHPROP commands may be use to modify layerproperties.

C. Match Properties

1. MATCHPROPerty - Copies the properties from one object to one ormore objects. You can copy some or all properties of one object to oneor more objects using MATCHPROP. Properties that can be copiedinclude color, layer, linetype, linetype scale, lineweight, and thickness.Plot style and in some cases, dimension, text and hatch.

To copy properties from an object to one or more objects.

a. Type MATCHPROP (enter).b. Select the objects whose properties you want to copy.c. Enter

LESSON 5. DIMENSION

A. Dimensioning Dimensioning is the process of adding measurementannotation to a drawing. AutoCAD provides many ways to formatsdimensions. You can create dimensions for a wide variety of objectshapes in many different orientations. You can create dimension styles toformat dimensions in your drawing conform to industry or project standard.

MENU` COMMAND DESCRIPTIONLinear DIMLINEAR Measures a straight-line distance.

Includes options to create horizontal,vertical, or rotated linear dimension

Aligned DIMALIGNED Creates a linear dimension with thedimension line parallel to theextension line origin points. Thedimension creates a true lengthmeasurement of the object

Ordinate DIMORDINATE Create a dimension showing a pointsX or Y ordinate measured from agiven origin point.

Radius DIMRADIUS Measure the radius of circles andarcs

Diameter DIMDIAMETER Measure the diameter of circles andarcs

Angular DIMANGULAR Measures angles


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Baseline DIMBASELINE Creates a series of linear, angular,orordinate dimensions all measuredfrom the same origin

Continue DINCONTINUE Creates a series of continued linear,aligned, angular, or ordinate

dimension , each created from thesecond extension line of theprevious or last selected dimensionand sharing a common dimension.

Leader QLEADER Creates annotation and a leader linethat visually links the text to an object

Tolerance TOLERANCE Creates a geometric tolerancedimension

Center mark DOIMCENTER Creates center marks andcenterlines to indicate center points

of circle and arcs.QuickDimension

QDIM Creates dimension arrangements ,such as baseline, continued, andordinate dimensions, by selectingmultiple objects at one time.

B. Methods in Creating Dimensions Using the Command Line

1. Use the following commands:a. DimALigned - Creates an aligned linear dimensionb. DimANgular - Creates an angular dimension

c. DimBAseline - Creates a linear, angular, or ordinate dimension fromthe baseline of the previous dimension or a selected dimensiond. DimCEnter - Creates the center mark or the centerlines of circles and

arcse. DimCOntinue - Creates a linear, angular, or ordinate dimension from

the second extension line of the previous dimension or a selecteddimension

f. DimDIameter - Creates diameter dimensions for circles and arcsg. DimEDit - Edits dimensionsh. DimLInear - Creates linear dimensionsi. DimORdinate - Creates ordinate point dimensions

j. DimOVerride - Overrides dimensioning system variablesk. DimRAdius - Creates radial dimensions for circles and arcsl. DimSTyle - Creates and modifies dimension stylesm. DIMTEDit - Moves and rotates dimension text

2. Type DIMension.Enter a dimensioning mode command variable:a. HORizontalb. VERtical


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c. ALignedd. CEntere. RAdiusf. Diameterg. ANgular

h. COntinuei. LEaderj. BAselinek. ORdinate

3. For quick dimension and leadera. Quick DIMensionb. quick LeaderYou can use QLEADER to: specify leader annotation and annotation format.

set the location where leaders attach to multiline text annotation

limit the number of leader points

constrain the angle of the first and second leader segments.

C. Creating Dimension Styles

Dimension style control a dimensions format and appearance. They helpyou establish and enforce drafting standards for drawing and make thechanges to dimension format and behavior easier to implement. Adimension style defines:

the format and position of dimension line, extension lines,arrowheads, and center marks

the appearance, position, and behavior of dimension text

the rules governing where autoCAD places text and dimensionlines

the overall dimension scale

the format and precision of primary, alternate, and angulardimension units

the format and precision of tolerance values

To create, modify, override, and compare a dimension style1. Type Dimension or DDIM(enter).2. In the dimension style manager, choose NEW.3. In the New Dimension style dialog box, enter the new style name.

example : ARCHITECHTURAL4. Select the style you want to use as a start point for the new style. If you

have not created style, you stay with standard. The starting style andthe new style are not linked.

5. Indicate the dimension type for which you want to use the new style.6. Choose continue.7. In the new Dimension style dialog box, choose any of the following

tabs to enter dimension settings for the new style.


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D. Line and Arrows

Set the appearance and behavior of the dimension lines, arrowheads,center marks and centerlines

E. Text

Sets the dimension text appearance, placement, alignment, andmovement

F. Fit

Sets options governing where AutoCAD places dimension lines,extension lines, and text. Also defines the overall dimension scale


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LESSON 6. PLOTTING

A. To plot a drawing

1. From the File menu, choose Plot.

2. In the Plot dialog box, Plot Device tab, under Plotter Configuration,select a plotter from the Name box.3. (Optional) Under Plot Style Table (Pen Assignments), select a plot

style table from the Name box.4. (Optional) Under Plot Stamp, select On to turn on plot stamping. Select

Settings to specify the plot stamp settings. (Plot stamping happens atplot time and is not saved with the drawing.)

5. Choose the Plot Settings tab.6. Under Paper Size and Paper Units, select a paper size from the Paper

Size box.7. Under Drawing Orientation, select an orientation.

8. Under Plot Area, specify the portion of your drawing that you want toplot.9. Under Plot Scale, select a scale from the Scale box.10. Choose OK.

Date post:	03-Jun-2018
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CADD Handout

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