Cairo, Egypt25 – 26

October 2009

By: Dr. Abdel Kader LashineConsultant - ARADO

العربية الخارجية التجارة تطورواردات/ صادرات

Development of Foreign Trade in The Arab

World (Export/Import)

207278

334383

508311410

566

675

785

0100200300400500600700800900

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Bill

ion

US

Dol

lar Export

Import

Export Import

للدول التجاريين الشركاء أهم حصصعام في 2007العربية

(2007)

EU

USA

Arab Countries

Japan

China

Other Asians

Other Countries

Total

Export

18.3

9.8

8.3

11.4

5.3

18.6

28.3

100.0

Import

36.0

9.2

12.1

5.5

10.8

17.0

9.4

100.0

Share of Foreign Traders

With the Arab World

الدول بعض صادرات مساهمةالعربية

الصادرات قيمة إجمالي في .Share of Some Arab Countries in Arab Int)2007العربية (

Export

29.7

23

8.1 7.75.7 4.8 4.6 3.3 3.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

الخارجية للتجارة السلعي الهيكلالعربية للدول

Components of Arab Foreign Trade

واردات صادرات

المئوية البند النسبةصادرا

تواردات

معدني وقودمصOنوعات

ومعدات آالتنقل

أغذيOOOOOOOOOOOOOOة ومشروبات

خام موادمنتجات كيماوية

أخرى سلعالمجموع

75.5

11.8

4.0

2.2

2.1

3.6

0.9

100

5.9

27.8

38.0

12.7

4.9

7.9

2.8

100

البينية العربية التجارة قيمة تطورومساهمتها

العربية التجارة قيمة إجمالي في)2007البينية (

Development of Arab Bilateral Trade (Total Value – % of Int.-Trade)

2008 10.19.5 10.9 10.9 10.2 %

$B

Intra Regional Trade As a Share of Total Foreign Trade

(2006)

B – Arab Countries

A (World Economic Groups)

36.4

3026

17.9

11.1 10.7 9.36.5 5.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Jordan Syria Lebanon Oman SaudiArabia &Bahrain

Egypt Tunis Qatar Kuwait

69.964.6

23.016.0

11.3

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0

NAFTA EU ASEAN MERCOSUR ARABCOUNTRY

بين المتبادلة التجارة قيمة نسبةإجمالي من التعاون مجلس دول

البينية ( العربية )2007تجارتهاBi-Lateral Trade of Gulf Countries

As % of their Arab Bi-lateral Trade

العربية للتجارة السلعي الهيكل Components of Arab Bi-lateral Tradeالبينية

(2007)

الدول( باقيالعربية)

تونس – – االبحرينالجزائر

الكويت – – قطرليبيا – لبنان

بين %3.0،% 2.0ما

الدول لبعض الرئيسية المساهمةالبينية العربية الصادرات في العربية

)2007(Share of Major Partners in Bi-lateral

Arab Trade

البينية العربية الواردات مساهمةمن وارداتها قيمة إجمالي في

العالم دول )2007( مختلف

Share of Bi-lateral Trade as % of Import Trade

38.7 38.633.1 31.9

14.9 14.811.1 11 10.3 9.6 8.1 7.4

05

1015202530354045%

العربية الصادرات مساهمةالبينية

من صادراتها قيمة إجمالي فيالعالم ( دول )2007مختلف

Share of Bi-lateral Trade as % of Export Trade

العربية البينية التجارة اتجاهات

عام بشك��ل ال��بيني التجاري التبادل معظ��م ترك��زمتجاورة عربية دول في

قطر

لبعض البينية الصادرات اتجاهاتالعربية الدول

إلى 62%اإلمارات تون

سليب51%

يا

لبنان

البحر22%ين

اإلمار18%ات

سوري16%ه

السعود14%ية

السعودية

اإلمار25%ات

Direction of Arab Bi-latered Trade

( A- Export)

Qatar

Tunis

S.A.

Lebanon

UAE

Libya

Emirates

Bahrain

Emirates

Syria

S.A.

B-Import

• Oman 74% from UAE

• SA is main exporter to many Arab countries (in bi-lateral trade)

%62األردن

%29سوريه

%46مصر

%51البحرين%50المغرب

%45قطر

%35اإلمارات

%34السودان

%21اليمن

Jordan

Syria

Egypt

Bahrain

Morocco

Sudan

Emirates

Qatar

Yemen

ARAB COUNTRIES

AND INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT

• EACH COUNTRY AND/OR EMIRATE HAS ONE OR MORE SEA PORT (NO LAND LOCKED COUNTRIES)

• ALL COUNTRIES IN THE ARAB MASHREK AND/OR MAGHREB ARE CONNECTED THROUGH PAVED ROAD NETWORK

• BOTH ARAB MASHREK AND MAGHREB ARE INTERLINKED THROUGH LAND/SEA BRIDGES

• ONLY 11 ARAB COUNTRIES HAVE RAIL NETWORK

RECENTLY ARAB SUMMIT HAS ENDORCED AN ACTION PLAN FOR ESTABLISHING AN INTEGRATED ARAB RAIL NETWORK.

X- Check Points At Some Arab Countries

Country S.A Jordan Syria Iraq Kuwait Egypt

•No. of Arab

Neighboring

Countries•No. of X-B

check points

8

15

5

8

3

9

3

6

2

3

3

4

MODAL SPLIT (S.A 2007) IMPORT

By Weight By Value

MODAL SPLIT FOR FOREING TRADE (BY WT.)

Country JORDAN SYRIA LEBANONOMAN

IMPORTKUWAIT

Sea

Land

Air

Total

62.6

37.2

0.2

100

89.8

10.0

0.2

100

67.8

31.4

0.8

100

43.0

56.0

0.4

100

97.5

2.4

0.1

100

ANNUAL NO. OF TRUCKS

AT CROSS BOARDER CHECK POINTS

(TOTAL FOR YEAR 2007)

(x 1000)

Country *JORDAN **S.A. **BAHRAININ

OUT

Total

476

438

914

2061

2063

4124

359

519

678

TUNIS ***SYRIA20.5

21.2

41.7 91.4

(* 10% Int. Transit)

Including Small Trucks ((**

(*** 28.0% Int. Transit)

HIGHEST ANNUAL NO OF TRUCKS

AT ONE X-BOARDER CHECK POINT IS AT

AL-BATHABETWEEN UAE & SA

IN 501.000

OUT 499.000

TOTAL 1000.000

Average Daily

3740 Truck (IN/OUT)

Destination

Muscat – Oman – Roui

N/A4831400180018004.11 day20.2

Salalah – Oman

N/A15763000500055003.85 days13.1

Doha – Qatar18008742000300030003.84 days9.1

Bahrain200011182500330033004.13 days15.5

Kuwait25001423000380038003.75 days12.9

Riyadh160012882400270030003.04 days13.4

Dammam160011072400270030003.03 days15.3

Jeddah260022853200370040001.95 days19.0

AmmanN/A2718N/A550055002.26 days18.9

DamascusN/a3055N/A750075002.77 days18.2

BeirutN/A3182N/A950095003.38 days16.6

SanaaN/A2835N/A1000010000

3.99 days13.1

3 Ton Pick up Dist

7 Ton Pick up

40ft FlatTrailer

40ft Box/100 T.km Trailer Transit Time

Cost Speed

OPERATING COST FOR FREIGHT ROAD

TRANSPORT FROM DUBAI

Cost : $/100 T.kmSpeed : km/hr

Average Speed and Cost

Inversely Proportion With Distance

And No. of Check Point

Distance From Dubai

3.84.14.1

3.0

1.92.2

2.7

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500km

Cos

t

$

/100

T k

m

Dist

Dist

Speed

Doha Damam Bahrain Riyadh Jeddah Oman Damascus

874 1107 1116 1288 2285 30552718

3.8 4.1 4.1 3.0 1.9 2.72.2

9.1 16.3 15.5 13.4 19.0 18.218.9

9.1

15.5 15.313.4 12.9 13.1

19.0 18.9

13.1

18.216.6

0.02.04.06.08.0

10.012.014.016.018.020.0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Ave

rage

Spe

ed

In GeneralLowest Cost (@ $ 2.0/100 T km)

Dubai / Jeddah

Distance : 2285 km

X-Boarder Check Points : 1

Highest Average Commercial Speed

(19.0 km/hr)

Freight Charges From Dubai

Dubai / Bahrain

Distance : 1118 km

X-Boarder Check Points : 2

Lowest Average Commercial Speed

(11.0 km/hr)

Highest Cost (@ $ 4.1/100 T km)

Prevailing Freight Transport Fares in Jordan

(To and From Amman)

Transport CorridorAverage Faire

$/100 T km

From Amman to Arab Countries

From Some Arab Countries to Amman

From Some European Countries to Amman

From Aqaba to Amman

4.6

7.7

8.8

5.2

/$100T km

5.2 4.6

7.1

8.8

0123456789

10

From Aqaba toAmman

From Amman toArab Countries

From ArabCountries to

Amman

From EuropeanCountries to

Amman

Ave

rage

Fai

res

Distance

Speed

4000

12.8

4000

23.8

5000

16.0

5100

14.2

5400

18.9

6500

20.8

Speed vs. Distance

For Trucks Operating Between European Asia and Pacific

(North Corridors)

12.8

23.8

18.920.8

14.216.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Ave

rage

Com

mer

cial

Spe

ed

Km/hr

FACTORS AFFECTING ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT COST1.DISTANCE (INVERSELY

PROPORTIONAL)

2.NUMBER OF BOARDER CHECK POINTS

3.AVERAGE COMMERCIAL SPEED

4.TYPE OF GOODS

5.SEASONAL VARIATIONS

6.AVAILABILITY OF GOODS ON RETURN

7.LEVEL OF SERVICE

PROBLEMS FACING ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT INDUSTRIES IN ARAB WORLD

1.AGING OF FLEET

2.FRAGMENTATION OF INDUSTRY

3.EXCESS CAPACITY

4.SEVERE COPETETION

5.LACK OF PROFITABILITY

6.HARCHMENT OF ENFORCEMENT AT CROSS BOADER CHECK POINTS

7.LACK OF UNIFICATION OF MATTERS RELATED TO RULES AND REULATIONS COVERING SEVERAL ASPECTS OF THE INDUSTRY

RECOMMENDATIONS I. RESTRUCTURING OF ROAD

FREIGHT INDUSTRIES

• Unification of Trucking Regulation

• Financial Incentives for Trucking Replacement

• Deregulation of Trucking Industries

• International and Regional Transport Agreement

• Motivations for Establishing New Schemes for Grouping Individual Operators

• Human Resources Development. Schemes at Company Managerial Levels Especially for IT Applicators

II. MODERNIZATION OF CUSTOMS AND RELATED SERVICES

• Greater coordination between Border Customs Agencies

• Greater Integration of Land Border Crossing Procedure

• Updating of Customs Data System to International Standards

• Common Standards for Favoured Trader Status

• Applications of TRADE FACILITATION Scenarios (especially in IT applicators)

III.INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

• Upgrading of Roads along Diffferent North/South and East/West Corridors

• Unifications of Technical Engineering Standards

• Provision of Appropriate Type of Services Along These Corridors

• Introduction of Transport and Logistics Platforms to Serve Bi-Lateral and International Arab Trade