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HazardCommunicationSystem
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Chemicals have become an important element of almost every aspect ofmodern life. All of these chemicals—from cleaning fluids to pharmaceuticals,pesticides, and paints—are produced in workplaces, and may be used inworkplaces downstream. While these chemicals have utility and benefits intheirapplications,theyalsohavethepotentialtocauseadverseeffects.Theseadverseeffectsincludebothhealthhazardsandphysicalhazards.
Inordertoprotectworkersfromtheseeffects—andtoreducetheoccurrenceof illnesses and injuries caused by chemicals — employers need tocommunicate to employees information about the hazards of the chemicalstheyuse,aswellas recommendedprotectivemeasures.Workershavebotharightandaneedtoknowthisinformation,especiallysothattheycantakestepstoprotectthemselveswhennecessary.
Introduction
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The informational needs of employers to communicate this information toemployees is done through a Hazard Communication Standard (sometimesreferred to as a Hazard Communication System). Under the HazardCommunication Standard (HCS), employers must implement a HazardCommunicationProgram(HCP)fortheirspecificworkplace.
AtLaurelPetHospital,ourHCPcanbe found inawhite, three-ringbinderontheshelfaboveemployeemailboxes.Anyemployeecanaccesstheinformationatanytimeandwithoutpriorauthorization.
Introduction continued…
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Hazard Communication
System
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Hazard Communication System (HCS)
ThepurposeoftheHCSistomakesurethatthe
dangersofchemicalsintheworkplaceare
communicatedtoemployeesinordertoprotectthemagainstillnessandinjury.
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Background• TheHazardCommunicationSystem(HCS) isbasedontheconceptthat
employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards andidentitiesofthechemicalstheyareexposedtowhenworking.
• Employeesalsoneedtoknowwhatprotectivemeasuresareavailabletopreventadverseeffectsfromoccurring.
• The HCS is designed to provide employeeswith the information theyneed.
• HCS is a ‘performance-oriented’ standard that provides guidance fordefininghazardsandforperforminghazarddeterminations.Employershave substantial leeway in deciding what protective measures theymusttaketosafeguardtheiremployees.
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Definition of Hazardous ChemicalsAhazardouschemical,as
definedbytheHazard
CommunicationStandard,
isanychemicalwhichcan
causeaphysicalora
healthhazard.
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Proposition 65 Initiative
Proposition65(formallytitled"TheSafeDrinkingWaterandToxicEnforcementActof1986")isa
Californialawthatwaspassedbydirectvoterinitiativein1986.Itsprimarygoal
istoregulatesubstanceslistedbyCaliforniaasthosewhichcausecancer
orbirthdefects.
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The following warning language is standard for products sold inCalifornia that contain chemicals on the Proposition 65 list.EmployersmustpostthewarningbelowifchemicalsontheProp65 list are used in their facility. This law does not apply tocompanieswith10orfeweremployees.
WARNING:ThisproductcontainschemicalsknowntotheStateof California to cause cancer, birth defects, or otherreproductiveharm.
Proposition 65 Initiative
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Who is Covered?
HazardCommunication
Standardsapplytoany
employerwhoseemployees
maybeexposedtochemical
hazardsintheirworkplace.
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Hazard Communication: Scope & Application
• Ahazardcommunicationprogram;
• Labelsandotherformsofwarnings;
• MaterialSafetyDataSheets(MSDS);and
• Training
Employersarerequiredtoprovideinformationtotheiremployeesonhazardouschemicalsusingthefollowingmethods:
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Hazard Communications: Scope & Application
Inworkoperationswhereemployeesonlyhandlechemicalsinsealedcontainers(whicharenotopenundernormalcircumstances),employersmustdothefollowing:
• Ensurelabelsonincomingchemicalsarenotdefacedorremoved;
• MaintaincopiesofanyMaterialSafetyDataSheetsthatarereceivedwithincomingshipments,andimmediatelyobtainMSDS’sforshipmentsthataremissingthem;and
• Provideemployeeswithinformationandtrainingtotheextentnecessarytoprotectthemintheeventofaspillorleakofahazardouschemicalfromasealedcontainer.
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Hazard Communications - Written HCP
Employersmustdevelopawrittenprogramthatcoversatleast:
• Labelsandotherformsofwarnings; • MaterialSafetyDataSheets; • EmployeeInformationandTraining; • Alistofthehazardouschemicals
knowntobepresentatthefacilityalongwithMSDS’sforeachchemical;
• Themethodstheemployerwillusetoinformemployeesofthehazardsofnon-routinetasks;and
• Thehazardsofchemicalsinunlabeledpipes.
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Labeling Requirements
• Eachcontainerofhazardouschemicalsintheworkplacemustbelabeled,taggedormarkedwiththefollowing: 1. Identityofthehazardouschemical;2.Appropriatehazardwarnings;and 3. Nameandaddressofthemanufacturer.
• It is required that the information on the labels remain legible for as long as the chemical is in the workplace.
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Labels
• Alllabelsorotherformsofwarningsmustbe: ›legible ›inEnglish ›prominentlydisplayed
• WarningsinotherlanguagescanalsobeincludedifthereareemployeeswhospeaklanguagesotherthanEnglish.However,informationinEnglishmustalsobeincluded.
• Newlabelsneednotbeaffixedifexistinglabelsalreadyconveytherequiredinformation
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Labels
Manufacturers,importers,distributorsandemployerswhobecomenewlyawareofsignificantinformationregardingchemicalhazardsmust:
• Revisethelabelsforthechemicalwithinthreemonths.
• RevisetheMSDSforthechemicalwithinthreemonths.
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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) • AMSDSforeachhazardouschemicalmustbeavailableinthe
workplace. • EachMSDSmustbeinEnglish(althoughtheemployermay
maintaincopiesinotherlanguagesaswell). • AMSDSshouldcontainatleastthefollowinginformation:
1. Identityofthechemical. 2. Physical&chemicalcharacteristics. 3. Physicalhazardsofthehazardouschemical. 4. Healthhazardsofthehazardouschemical. 5. Primaryroutesofentry. 6. TheOSHAPermissibleExposurelimit(PEL),American
ConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists(ACGIH),ThresholdLimitValueandanyotherexposurelimitusedbymanufacturer.
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Storing MSDS Information on a Computer
OSHA allows employers to store
MSDS information on a computer
provided an employee can obtain
theMSDS fromthecomputer. If the
MSDS cannot be accessed by the
employee, or if the actual MSDS is
located offsite, then a company
wouldnotbeincompliance.
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Employee Information & Training
Employeesmustknow:• Thevariouscategoriesofhazards;• Anyoperationsintheirworkareawherehazardous
chemicalsarepresent;• ThelocationandavailabilityofthewrittenHazard
CommunicationProgram;and• Howtoreadandunderstandtheinformationfoundona
MSDS.
Theymustknowthisinformation: • Atthetimeoftheirinitialassignment. • Wheneveranewphysicalorhealthhazardisintroduced
intotheworkplace.
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Employeesmustalsoknow:• Thewaystodetectthepresenceorreleaseofhazardous
chemicalsintheworkarea;• Measurestheycantaketoprotectthemselves;• Howtosafelyhandle,store,anddisposeofhazardous
chemicals;
• HowtoproperlyusePersonalProtectionEquipment(PPE)anditslimitations;
• Howtoproperlyusesafetyequipmentanditslimitations;and
• Emergencyprocedurestheyshouldfollowintheeventofachemicalspill.
Employee Information & Training
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Chemical Hazards and Emergency Response
• Exposuretochemicalsleadstolongtermhealtheffects.• Acuteexposurehappensoveraveryshortperiodoftime,usuallylessthan15minutes.
• Chronicexposurehappensoveralongperiodoftime,usuallyweeksoryears.
• OSHAregulatestheamountofchemicalsanemployeecanbeexposedto.
• OSHA’sPermissibleExposureLimit(PEL)forachemicalisatimeweightedaverage,whichcannotbeexceededoveran8-hourperiod.
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Methods of Detecting Chemicals
Waystodetectchemicalsare:• Byusingcontinuousmonitoringdevicesprovidedbytheemployer.
• Observingthechemical’sappearance,odor,orotherdefinablecharacteristic.
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Spill Control Policy
• Smallspillsarethosespills,whichbytheirvolumeorlowtoxicity,arenotdeemedtopresentahealthhazardtotrainedchemicalusers.
• Largespillspresentahealthhazardundernormalconditions.
Pre-planningforaspillsavestimeandminimizesthedangerstoemployeeswhenandifitactuallyoccurs.Somesubstancesrequirespecialclean-upprocedurestominimizehazards.
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Spill Emergency PlanPre-planningforatoxicchemicalspillmightincludethefollowing: • Determiningthelocationofapotential
spill; • Determiningthequantityofthesubstance
thatmightbespilled; • Knowingthechemicalandphysicalpropertiesofthesubstance
thatmightbespilled(i.e.,itsphysicalstate,vaporpressure,andairorwaterreactivity).
• Knowingthehazardouspropertiesofthesubstance(toxicity,corrosiveattributes,and/orflammability).
• Havingaspillkitpreparedalongwiththeproperpersonalprotectiveequipment.
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Clean Up of Small Spills
• Attendtoanypersonswhomayhavebeencontaminated.Ifpersonalexposureoccurs,havethepersonuseaneyewashstationorsafetyshower.Removethepersonfromtheareaandseekmedicalassistanceifneeded;
• Notifyeveryoneintheimmediateareaofthespill;
• Closeanydoors; • Avoidbreathingvaporsofthespilled
material;
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Clean Up of Small Spills, continued…
• Leaveanylocalexhaustventilationon;
• Securesuppliestoeffectclean-up;
• WeartheappropriatePPEduringcleanup;
and
• Placethecollectedwasteinanappropriate
containerfordisposal.
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Clean Up of Large Spills
• Attendtoanypersonswhomayhavebeencontaminated.Ifpersonalexposureoccurs,havethepersonuseaneyewashstationorsafetyshower.Removethepersonfromtheareaandseekmedicalassistanceifneeded;
• Alertothersintheimmediateareaofthespill.Evacuatepersonnelfromthearea;
• Confinethefumes/vaporsfromthespillbyclosingthedoortotheroomwherethespilloccurred;
• Contactemergencypersonnelfromasafelocation.
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• Beavailableforanyemergencyresponsepersonnelsoyoucanprovideinformationconcerningthespilland/ornotifythemofotherhazardsthatmaybepresentinthearea.
Clean Up of Large Spills, continued…
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Handling Eye Exposure Emergencies
Ifaneyeinjuryoccurs,quickactioncanpreventapermanentdisability.Forthisreason: • Emergencyeyewashstationsshouldbeplacedinallhazardousworkareas;
• First-aidinstructionsshouldbepostedclosetopotentialdangerspots;and
• Employeesmustknowwheretheclosesteyewashstationisandhowtogettherewithrestrictedvision.
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Eye Wash Station
• E y e Wa s h S t a t i o n s a r emandatory for facilities ifhazardouschemicalsareused.
• Eye Wash Stations must be nomore than 10 feet away fromtheworkarea(withunimpededtraveldistance).
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Chemical InventoryTheemployerisrequiredto
compilealistofanyhazardouschemicalpresentintheworkplace
alongwithitscorrespondingMaterialSafetyDataSheets.All
employeesmusthaveaccesstothisinformationduringtheirwork
shifts.
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The Revised Hazard Communication
Standard
(based on a Globally Harmonized System)
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The Globally Harmonized System
T h e r e v i s e d h a z a r dcommunication standard is anattempt to bring uniformity tohazard classification, labeling ofc h e m i c a l s , a n d s a f e t yinformation. This revision willbring US workplaces in line withmeasures being implemented bycountriesthroughouttheworld.
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• Hazardclassification:Providesspecificcriteriaforclassificationofhealthandphysicalhazards,aswellastheclassificationofmixtures.
• Labels:Chemicalmanufacturersandimporterswillberequiredtoprovidealabelthatincludesaharmonizedsignalword,pictogram,andhazardstatementforeachhazardclassandcategory.Precautionarystatementsmustalsobeprovided.
Major Changes to the Hazard Communication Standard
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Major Changes to the Hazard Communication Standard
• SafetyDataSheets:MSDS’swillnowbecalledSafetyDataSheets(SDS)andhavea16-sectionformat.
• Informationandtraining:EmployersarerequiredtotrainworkersbyDecember1,2013onthenewlabelelementsandSafetyDataSheetformattofacilitaterecognitionandunderstanding.
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Benefits of the New HCS
• Toprovideincreasedsafetyforaffectedemployees. • To reducethenumberofaccidents,fatalities,injuries,andillnessesassociatedwithexposurestohazardouschemicals.
• Toenableemployeesthatareexposedtochemicalsfasteraccesstoinformationaboutthehazardsassociatedwiththechemicals.
• Toincreasetheuseofexposurecontrolsandworkpracticesthatcanreducethesafetyandhealthrisksassociatedwithexposure.
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HealthHazard Flame ExclamationMark
•Carcinogen •Mutagenicity •ReproductiveToxicity •RespiratorySensitizer •TargetOrganToxicity •AspirationToxicity
•Flammable •Pyrophorics •Self-Heating •EmitsFlammableGas •Self-Reactives •OrganicPeroxides
•Irritant(skinandeye) •SkinSensitizer •AcuteToxicity(harmful) •NarcoticEffects •RespiratoryTractIrritant •HazardoustoOzoneLayer(NonMandatory)
HCS Pictograms and Hazards under the New HCS Standard
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GasCylinder Corrosion ExplodingBomb
GasesunderPressure •SkinCorrosion/burns •EyeDamage •CorrosivetoMetals
•Explosives •Self-Reactives •OrganicPeroxides
HCS Pictograms and Hazards under the New HCS Standard
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HCS Pictograms and Hazards under the New HCS Standard
FlameoverCircle Environment(NonMandatory)
SkullandCrossbones
Oxidizers AquaticToxicity AcuteToxicity(fatalortoxic)
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ChemicalsreceivedbyfacilitiesmaycontainthenewGHSlabels.DetailsontheGHSlabelinclude:• ProductidentifiermeansthenameornumberusedforahazardouschemicalonalabelorintheSafetyDataSheet(SDS)
• Signalwordmeansawordusedtoindicatetherelativelevelofseverityofhazardandalertthereadertoapotentialhazardonthelabel.Thesignalwordsusedare"danger"and"warning.""Danger"isusedforthemoreseverehazards,while"warning"isusedforthelesssevere.
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• Hazard statement means a statement assigned to a hazard class andcategory that describes the nature of the hazard(s) of a chemical,including,whereappropriate,thedegreeofhazard.
• Pictogram means a composition that may include a symbol plus othergraphicelements, suchasaborder,backgroundpattern,or color, that isintendedtoconveyspecific informationaboutthehazardsofachemical.Eight pictograms are designatedunder this standard for application to ahazardcategory.
• Precautionary statement means a phrase that describes recommendedmeasures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effectsresultingfromexposuretoahazardouschemical,or improperstorageorhandling.
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Ionizing Radiation Safety
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Radiation: Definition• Radiationisatypeofenergythattravelsatveryhighspeedsintheformofparticlesandelectromagneticwaves.
• Radiationcanbeclassifiedintotwomajordivisions: ➢ ionizingradiation. ➢ non-ionizingradiation
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Ionizing Radiation• Ionizingradiationsourcesarefound
inawiderangeofoccupationalsettings,includinghealthcarefacilities,industries,nuclearreactorsandsupportfacilities,testinginstruments,andresearchinstitutes.
• Ionizingradiationcanbefoundintheformofgammaraysandx-rays.Itisfoundinparticleforminalpharadiation,betaradiation,andneutroradiation.
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Non-ionizing Radiation• Non-ionizing radiation sources include
appliances suchas tanningbeds,high-energy lasers used for pub l i cente r ta inment purposes , h i ghfrequency heaters, microwave dryersand high powered broadcasting andradarstations.
• An individual who handles, operates,orworksinanenvironmentwhereanytypeofradiationsource ispresentcanbe subject to occupational radiationexposure.
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Radiation Exposure
➢ amountofradiation; ➢ thedurationofexposure; ➢ thedistancefromthesource;
and ➢ thetypeofshieldinginplace.
• Radiation exposure occurs when unprotectedemployeesarenearamachineinoperation.
• Thedegreeofexposuredependsonthe
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Biological Effects of Radiation Exposure
Themostradiosensitivecellsare: • Thecellsofanunbornchild; • Bloodcellsandthecellsinbloodproducingorgans;
• Reproductivecells(sperm/egg); • Digestivetractcells;and
• Immaturewhitebloodcells.
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Radiation Area• “RadiationArea"meansanyarea,accessibletopersonnel,inwhich
thereexistsradiationatsuchlevelsthatamajorportionofthebodycouldreceiveinany1houradoseinexcessof5Millirem,orinany5consecutivedaysadoseinexcessof100Millirem.
• Highradiationareameansanyarea,accessibletopersonnel,inwhichthereexistsradiationatsuchlevelsthatamajorportionofthebodycouldreceiveinanyonehouradoseinexcessof100Millirem.
• Anemployermaypermitanindividualinarestrictedareatoreceivedosestothewholebodygreaterthanthosepermittedaboveaslongasthedosetothewholebodydoesnotexceed3Milliremsduringanycalendarquarter.
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Engineering ControlsRadiationexposure/contaminationcanbecontrolledusingengineeringandadministrativecontrols.Engineeringcontrolsinclude: • Time–personnelminimizingtheirtimeofcontactwith
radiationinordertoreducetheamountofradiationabsorbedintotheirbodies.
• Distance–contaminatedparticulatesandgasesareusuallydilutedifthedistancefromtheradiationsourceisincreased.
• Shielding–anyformofbarrierbetweentheworkerandthesourceofradiationthatprotectstheworkerbyabsorbingtheradiation.Thegreatertheshieldingaroundtheradiationsource,thelesstheexposure.
• ProperVentilation–airborneradioactivematerialorairborneradioactivityneedstobeproperlyventilated.
• ContainmentDevices–shouldbeusedforbothdryandwetcontaminatedmaterials.
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Administrative Controls• Warning signs – must be posted in all areas
where radiation fields may be present. Thesesigns should include all information about theextentandthenatureoftheradiationhazard.
• Mass limitations – radiation exposure, use andhandlingshouldbelimited.
• SafetyProcedures–includesproperhousekeeping,maintenanceandhygiene.
• Safety Training – workers should be trained to protect themselvesfrom radiation hazards, and to perform their work without anymishaps.
• PersonalProtectiveequipment (PPE)–canbeworntoprotect fromradiationexposure.
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Monitoring Radiation• PersonalDosimeters
➢ Filmbadges ➢ Thermoluminescence
detectors(TLD) ➢ Pocketdosimeters
• DirectReadingSurveyMetersandCounters
• ContinuousMonitors • Long-TermSamplers
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Mandatory Requirements• Every employer must supply appropriate monitoringequipment,suchasfilmbadges,pocketchambers,pocketdosimeters, or film rings, and require the use of suchequipment.
• Employers must maintain records of the radiationexposure of all employees for whom monitoring isrequired and advise each employee of his individualexposure at least yearly. At the request of a formeremployee an employermust furnish to the employee areportoftheemployee'sexposuretoradiationrecords.
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Emergency Action Plan
Title 8 Section 3220
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Fire SafetyIntroduction • Firesandexplosionskillmorethan200andinjure
morethan5,000workerseachyear. • Thereisalongandtragichistoryofworkplace
firesinthiscountrycausedbyproblemswithfireexitsandextinguishingsystems.
• OSHArequiresemployerstoprovideproperexits,firefightingequipment,andemployeetrainingtopreventfiredeathsandinjuriesintheworkplace.
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• Anexitrouteisacontinuousandunobstructedpathoftravelfromanypointwithinaworkplacetoaplaceofsafety.
• Anexitrouteconsistsofthreeparts: › Exit; › Exitaccess;and › Exitdischarge.
• Anexitrouteincludesallverticalandhorizontalareasalongtheroute.
Exit Route
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Exit Route
Arefugeareais:• Aspacealonganexitrouteprotectedfromfirebyabarrierwithatleasta1-hourfire
resistancerating;or• A floor with at least 2 spaces, separated from each other by smoke-resistant
partitions,inabuildingprotectedbyanapprovedautomaticsprinklersystem.
Exit is that part of an exit route that is generallyseparated fromotherareas toprovideaprotectedwayoftraveltotheexitdischarge.
Exitaccess is thatpartofanexitroutethat leadstoanexit.
Exit discharge is that part of an exit route that leadsdirectly outside or to a street, walkway, refuge area,publicway,oropenspacewithaccesstotheoutside.
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Exit Routes: Basic Requirements • Exitroutesmustbepermanentandtheremustbeenoughexits intheproperarrangementforquickescape.
• Exitsmustbeseparatedbyfire-resistantmaterials.• An opening into an exit must be protected by an approved self-closing firedoor that remainsclosedorautomaticallycloses inanemergency.
• Thenumberofexitroutesmustbeadequate.Atleast2exitroutesmust be available in aworkplace to permit prompt evacuationofemployees.
• Exitroutesmustbelocatedasfarawayaspracticalfromeachothersothatifoneisblockedbyfireorsmoke,employeescanevacuateusingthesecondexitroute.
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Exit Doors Must Be Unlocked
• Exitdoorsmustbeabletoopenfromtheinsideatalltimeswithoutkeys,tools,orspecialequipment.
• Adevicesuchasapanicbarthatlocksonlyfromtheoutsideispermitted.
• Exitdoorsmustbefreeofanydeviceoralarmthatcouldrestrictemergencyuseifthedeviceoralarmfails.
• Exitdoorsmaybelockedfromtheinsideonlyinmental,penal,orcorrectionalfacilitieswherethereisconstantsupervision.
LockedandBlockedexit
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Side-Hinged Exit Door
• Aside-hingeexitdoormustbeusedtoconnectanyroomtoanexitroute.
• Aside-hingedoorthatconnectsanyroomtoanexitroutemustswingoutinthedirectionofexittraveliftheroomisdesignedtobeoccupiedbymorethan50peopleorcontainshighhazardcontents.
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Exit Route Capacity and Dimensions
• Thecapacityofanexitroutemustbeadequate.• Anexitroutemustsupportthemaximumpermittedoccupantloadforeachfloorserved.
• Capacitymustnotdecreaseinthedirectionofexitroutetraveltotheexitdischarge.
• Ceilingmustbeatleast7-½ft.or2.3mhighwithnoprojectionreachingapointlessthan6ft.-8in.or2mfromfloor.
• Anexitaccessmustbeatleast28in.wideatallpoints
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Maintenance, Safeguards and Operational Features for Exit Routes
• Exit routes must be unobstructed tominimizedanger.
• Arrangeexitroutessothatemployeeswillnothavetotraveltowardahighhazardarea,unlessitiseffectivelyshieldedbypartitions.
• Emergencysafeguards(e.g.,sprinklersystems,alarmsystems,firedoors,exitlighting)mustbeinproperworkingorderatalltimes.
ObstructedExitRoute
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Exit Signage• Each exit must be clearly visible andmarkedbyasignreading“Exit”.
• LettersofExitsmustbe6incheshigh.• Directional signs must be installedwhere the way to exit is not readilyapparent.
• Put “NOT AN EXIT” signs on doors,passageways, and stairways that arenotpartofanexit.
• Adequateillumination• Signsmustnotbeobstructed.
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Exit Signage• Ifthedirectionoftraveltotheexito r e x i t d i s c h a r g e i s n o timmediatelyapparent, signsmustbe posted along the exit routeindicating the direction to thenearestexit.
• The line-of-sight to an exit signmustbeclearlyvisibleatalltimes.
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Exit Signage
Eachdoorwayorpassagealongan exit access that could bemistaken for an exit must bemarked“NotanExit”or similardesignation, or be identified bya sign indicating its actual use(e.g.,closet).
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Emergency Action Plan• Describesactionsthatmustbetakentoensure
employeesafetyinemergencies. • Includesfloorplansormapswhichshow
emergencyescaperoutes. • Tellsemployeeswhatactionstotakein
emergencysituations. • Coversreasonablyexpectedemergencies,such
asfires,explosions,toxicchemicalreleases,hurricanes,earthquakes,andfloods.
• Procedurestoaccountforallemployeesafteranemergencyevacuationhasbeencompleted.
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FirePreventionPlan
Theplanmustinclude: • Alistofthemajorfirehazardsandhandling,
storage,andcontrolprocedures. • Procedurestocontrolaccumulationsofflammable
andcombustiblewastematerials. • Proceduresforregularmaintenanceofsafeguards
installedonheat-producingequipmenttopreventtheaccidentalignitionofcombustiblematerials.
• Namesandjobtitlesofpeopleresponsibleforthemaintenanceofequipmentandsystems.
• Namesandjobtitlesofpeopleresponsibleforthecontroloffuelsourcehazards.
• Trainingforallemployeeswhohaveresponsibilitiesintheplan.
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Portable Fire Extinguishers
If portable fire extinguishersareusedintheworkplace,theymust be mounted on a walland identified so that workerscan access them withoutsubjecting themselves topossibleinjury.
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Extinguisher ClassificationLetterclassificationsareassignedtoextinguisherstodesignatethetypeoffireonwhichitwillbemosteffective. • ClassA–ordinarycombustibles
(wood,cloth,paper). • ClassB–flammableliquids,gases,
greases. • ClassC–energizedelectrical
equipment. • ClassD–combustiblemetals. • ClassK-CookingOilsandFats.
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Maintaining Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Must be maintained fully chargedandinoperablecondition.
• Mustkeepintheirdesignatedplacesatalltimesexceptduringuse.
• Must receive at least an annualmaintenancecheck.
• Must show a record of the annualmaintenance dates; employersmustkeepthisrecordfor1-year.
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Portable Fire Extinguisher Training and Education
• Whereportablefireextinguishershavebeenprovidedforemployeeuseintheworkplace,employeesmustbefamiliarwiththe:➢Generalprinciplesoffireextinguisheruse.➢Hazardsofincipient(beginning)stagefirefighting.
• Theemployershallprovideannualtrainingtotheiremployeesanduponinitialemployment.
• Assignedemployeeswhowilluseextinguishersmustreceiveinstructionandpracticeintheoperationoftheequipment.
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A Quick Recap• Theremustbeenoughexitsforquickescape.• Exit routes must be marked, well lit, and free ofobstructions; locksmustnotbeusedto impedeorpreventescape.
• Foremployerswithmorethan10employees,anemergencyactionplanandfirepreventionplanmustbeinplace.
• Fire extinguishers must be regularly inspected andmaintained,andemployeesmustbe trained inhowtousethem.
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Hazardous Drug Exposure in Veterinary Health Care
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CommonHazardousDrugsFoundinHealthcare
Facilities• Drugsusedforcancer
therapy.• Someantiviraldrugs.• Hormoneagents.• Bioengineereddrugs.
Common Hazardous Drugs Found in Veterinary Facilities
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Thesedrugscancause:• Skinrashes.• Adversereproductiveoutcomes(includinginfertility,spontaneousabortions,andcongenitalmalformations).
• Leukemiaandotherformsofcancers.• Organtoxicity.• Geneticdamage.• Birthdefects.
Dangers of Workplace Exposures to Hazardous Drugs
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Factors that Reduce Exposures
Employerscanreduceexposurebyusing:•MedicalSurveillancePrograms•EngineeringControls•WorkPracticeControls•PersonalProtectiveEquipment
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Medical Surveillance Programs Consists of…• Reproductiveandgeneralhealthquestionnairescompletedatthetimeofhireandperiodicallythereafter.
• Laboratorywork,includingcompletebloodcountandurinalysiscompletedatthetimeofhireandperiodicallythereafter.Additionaltests,suchasliverfunctionandtransaminasetestsmaybeconsidered.
• Physicalexaminationscompletedatthetimeofhireandthenasneededforanyworkerwhosehealthquestionnaireorbloodworkindicatesanabnormalfinding.
• Follow-upforthoseworkerswhohaveshownhealthchangesorhavehadasignificantexposure(substantialskincontact,cleaningalargespill,etc.).
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Engineering Controls Consists of…
• Biologicalsafetycabinets/isolators• Adequateventilation• Useofclosedsystemtransferdevices• ClosedIVsystems• SyringesandIVsetswithLuer-LokTMfittingsforpreparingandadministeringhazardousdrugs.
• Disposingofsharpsincontainersusedfordrug-contaminatedsyringesandneedles.
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Work Practice Controls Consists of…• TrainingonhowtoreadMSDS’s• Trainingonspecifichazardousdrugshandledatthefacility.• Improvedproceduresforthepreparation,administrationandhandlingofhazardousdrugs.
• Evaluatingsourcesofexposure.• Writteninventoryofallhazardousdrugsintheworkplace.• Handlinghazardouswastesandcontaminatedmaterialsseparatelyfromothertrash.
• Cleaninganddecontaminatingworkareasbeforeandaftereachactivityinvolvinghazardousdrugsandattheendofeachshift.
• Cleaningupsmallspillsofhazardousdrugsimmediately,andusingpropersafetyprecautionsandPPE.
• Cleaninguplargespillsofhazardousdrugswiththehelpofanenvironmentalservicespecialist.
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Proper Personal Protective Equipment Consists of…
• Wearing Disposable gowns made of polyethylene-coated polypropylene material (which is non-lintingandnon-absorbent).
• Wearing two pairs of powder-free, disposablechemotherapy gloves, with the outer one coveringthegowncuff.
• Usinga faceshieldwhensplashestotheeyes,nose,ormouthmayoccur(andwhenadequateengineeringcontrolssuchproperventilationisnotavailable).
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You Have Finished the Presentation…
Nowthatyouhavefinishedthepresentationportionofthetrainingprogram,youmusttakethequiz,
consistingof40questions,andreceiveascoreofatleast70%(nomorethan12incorrectanswers).
Thelinkforthequizis:www.tinyurl.com/lphoshaquiz
ThankYou!