California Biobutanol
Multimedia Evaluation
Tier II
Work Plan
Prepared
By
Butamax Advanced Biofuels, LLC
for the
California Environmental Protection Agency
Multimedia Working Group
July 2013
Biobutanol Multimedia Evaluation Tier II Work Plan
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ........................................................................... 2
Table of Tables ............................................................................... 6
Table of Figures.............................................................................. 7
1. Executive Summary ................................................................. 8
1.1. Scope ................................................................................................................. 8
1.2. Background ....................................................................................................... 8
2. Tier I Conclusions .................................................................. 10
2.1. Conclusions of the Tier I Report ..................................................................... 10
2.2. Formulation of the Tier II Work Plan ............................................................. 11
3. Impact of Biobutanol on Elastomers .................................... 12
3.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 12
3.2. Test Plan.......................................................................................................... 13
4. Impact of Biobutanol on Fiberglass Resins and Sealants .. 15
4.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 15
4.2. Test Plan.......................................................................................................... 15
5. Electrical Conductivity of iso-Butanol/Gasoline Blends .... 17
5.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 17
5.2. Test Plan.......................................................................................................... 17
6. Terminal Vapor Recovery Requirements............................ 18
6.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 18
6.2. Overview ......................................................................................................... 18
6.3. Vapor recovery systems .................................................................................. 19
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6.4. Vapor combustion ........................................................................................... 20
6.5. Vapor Balance ................................................................................................. 21
6.6. Membrane and hybrid technologies ................................................................ 21
6.7. Other requirements......................................................................................... 21
6.8. Gasoline Bulk Terminal Emission Requirements and Limitations................. 22
6.9. Assessment of the Impact of Biobutanol on Terminal Emissions .................. 22
7. Impact of Biobutanol on Exhaust and Evaporative
Emissions ................................................................................. 27
7.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 27
7.2. Test Fuels and Vehicles .................................................................................. 27
7.3. Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Test Program ...................................................... 28
7.4. Vehicle Evaporative Emissions Test Program ................................................ 32
7.5. Data Analysis and Reporting .......................................................................... 36
8. Impact of Biobutanol on Toxic Air Pollutants .................... 37
8.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 37
8.2. Test Fuels and Vehicle .................................................................................... 37
8.3. Test Plan.......................................................................................................... 37
8.4. Analysis of emissions ..................................................................................... 39
8.5. Data Analysis and Reporting .......................................................................... 50
9. Impact of Biobutanol on Gasoline Headspace .................... 51
9.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 51
9.2. Test Procedure ................................................................................................ 51
9.3. Test Matrix / Permutations.............................................................................. 53
9.4. Data Analysis and Report ............................................................................... 53
10. Impact of Biobutanol on Permeation Emissions ................. 54
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10.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 54
10.2. Work Plan ....................................................................................................... 54
10.3. Data Analysis and Reporting .......................................................................... 58
11. Environmental Fate of Biobutanol ....................................... 60
11.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 60
11.2. Biodegradation of Iso-Butanol Blended Gasoline under Different Environmental Conditions .............................................................................. 61
11.3. Degradation Pathways and Kinetics of Iso-Butanol ....................................... 65
11.4. Environmental Transport of Iso-Butanol and BTEX from Spills and Leaking USTs ............................................................................................................... 67
11.5. Sorption Coefficients of Pure Iso-butanol and Iso-butyric Acid in Soil ......... 74
11.6. Modelling ........................................................................................................ 90
12. Lifecycle Analysis of Biobutanol........................................... 94
12.1. Statement of the Knowledge Gap ................................................................... 94
12.2. Work Plan ....................................................................................................... 94
13. Management of Genetically Modified Microorganisms..... 95
13.1. Statement of Knowledge Gap ......................................................................... 95
13.2. Description of Country Specific Regulatory Framework and Requirements . 95
13.3. Work Plan ....................................................................................................... 99
14. Certification of Fuel-Dispensing Equipment and
Compatibility of UST Leak Detection Systems ................. 100
14.1. Statement of Knowledge Gap ....................................................................... 100
14.2. Overview ....................................................................................................... 100
14.3. UL Guidance for Isobutanol Fuels ................................................................ 101
14.4. Fuel-Dispensing Equipment Compatibility Testing ..................................... 102
14.5. Leak Detection Equipment Testing .............................................................. 104
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15. References ............................................................................. 106
16. Appendices ............................................................................ 109
16.1. Appendix A: Draft Product Specification ..................................................... 109
16.2. Appendix B E-Fate Modeling Proposal from Professor Pedro Alvarez .... 110
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Table of Tables
Table 3.1 Test Fuels for Elastomers Testing .................................................................... 14
Table 6.1. California Local Air Districts ......................................................................... 22
Table 7.1 Test Fuels .......................................................................................................... 28
Table 7.2 Vehicle Fleet for Emissions Testing ................................................................. 28
Table 8.1 Test Fuels for 211(b) Testing............................................................................ 37
Table 8.2 Test Vehicle for EPA 211(b) Testing ............................................................... 37
Table 8.3 Sampling Methodologies ................................................................................. 39
Table 8.4 TACs Quatified ............................................................
