California: Chapters 10-12

By Andrew Bartz

Seeking Utopia Through Science and Technology

Geology 1847 Yale founded the Sheffield

Scientific School, brought talented geologists to California

California Academy of Sciences, goal to survey state and collect rare and rich productions

Geological Survey, measuring heights and land formations

Mining, brought about invention of the Pelton turbine

In 1880 Lester Pelton patented the water turbine, multiplied power of running water

New basis for hydro-electrical generation

Conservation Transfer of Yosemite Valley to

federal jurisdiction 1890 Advocated creation of National

Park System

Yosemite Valley

Seeking Utopia Through Science and Technology The new age of Flight

James Montgomery, experiments heavier-than-air air glider On August 1883 altitude of fifteen feet, it glided for six hundred feet, and safely landed

Wright brothers heavier-than-air craft December 17, 1903 in North Carolina California capitalizes on invention January 1910, Los Angeles County Chamber of Commerce, air show

Astronomy James Lick, died October 1876, left funds to build observatory for most

powerful telescope on the planet The Lick Observatory

Mount Hamilton Santa Clara County Given to University of California

The Hooker telescope, Pasadena December 1908, increased observable universe by 300 percent

George Ellery Hale introduced a 200 inch disk upgrade turning Throop Polytechnic Institute into a first rate center of scientific research

Seeking Utopia Through Science and Technology Electronics

Transcontinental phone calls, radio, television, and high speed electrons

Semiconductor- Replaced vacuum tube with nonmetallic solid material

Bardeen and Brattain used crystal germanium

William Shockley, Palo Alto, 1956 founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory Goal to produce silicone transistor

Intel Corporation, invented microchip processor

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak Mission make computers available to

millions of Americans Apple I prototype

Biotechnological research Lawrence Laboratory at Berkley Epicenter for further nuclear research Won 7 Nobel Peace Prizes

Macintosh SE, first apple computer

Art and Life on the Coast of Dreams Film

Industrialization of film production emerged in Hollywood in the 1920’s Reliably good weather Distance from subpoena servers to avoid suits against producers not

willing to pay what they thought was fair for licensing and reel footage fees

For the first time, Americans caught glimpses of life in California Mid 30s takeover of Germany by National Socialism

Mass emigration of talented Europeans Southern California provided opportunities for employment in the film

industry Writing, inspiration of 1940s film, with detective stories, preoccupation with

California themes of nature, naturalism, and bohemia Simplistic relationship to nature, urban matters, with solipsistic drama of self

vs. society 1950’s brought anguish of postwar generation oppressed by materialism,

refuge with sex, drugs, and rebellion

Art and Life on the Coast of Dreams

Painting 1920’s Landscapes in Postimpressionist style Social Realism to California brought by the

depression Daily life, backyard BBQ, suburbia, Sunday

afternoon 1930’s popularity of murals exploded Expressive and figurative paintings flourished in

1940s Photography

Depression brought true photographic realism. Attention turned to social turmoil

Architecture Arts and crafts inspired style first two decades Modernism appeared pre-World War I era, clean

lines, surfaces, minimalist presentation Characterize high end architecture

1950s postwar building boom Domestic tradition California Ranch style

Art and Life on the Coast of Dreams

Music Sound in motion pictures, composers 1930s

Took musical modernism to new heights Jazz orchestra, progressive modes

Fusing of pop and modernism Intensification of country music with the migration from Dust Bowl states during the depression

Outdoor life Middle class Californians opportunity to recreation typically for upper class San Francisco Bay Area 1860s, German immigrants founded Olympic Club Swimming, free public surf, rough water swimming, and boating clubs

California 1907 Anglo-Hawaiian brought surfing Became icon of the California lifestyle

Baseball in California flourished in 1859 Mountaineering, skiing, rock climbing, windsurfing and hang gliding

Forging a World Society Gold rush “World Rushed In”, nearly every country sent people to

California, diversity California founded on racial distinctions and repression

Disenfranchisement of Blacks and Asians Aggression against Mexican land titles Anti-Japanese, “White California” segregation of school

children, barring from land ownership, incarceration of Japanese-Americans during WWII

LA emerged as one of most important centers of Jewish civilization

Anti-Semitism swept California between WWI and WWII

In the early 1900’s, San Francisco had more foreign born residents relative to population than any other city in U.S. Influx of Mexicans, Filipinos, Japanese, Sikhs, and

Koreans Armenians migrated, fleeing Ottoman Turkish

persecution When WWII came along, more African Americans came

to California to work

Forging a World Society 1965 Immigration and Nationality Acts-

Reforming immigration laws Excluded groups now as equal immigrations,

favored reuniting families Refugees from Southeast Asia and

Bangladesh migrated to California Racial, ethnic, and religious covenants of

exclusion in real estate Continuing division between blacks and whites

Watts riots of 1965 Los Angeles riots of 1992 O.J. Simpson trial of 1995

Illegal Immigration 1993 ranked one of three major problems in

California; along with crime and the economy

“Save Our State” Prop 187, November 1994, withdrawal of public support for undocumented Californians

Passed but never implemented, states can’t regulate immigration

Illegal immigrants costing state great deal of money

Illegal border crossing in the act

Forging a World Society Affirmative Action

1998 race and gender based preferences at universities ended

California Civil Rights Initiative, Prop 209, November 1996, outlawing affirmative action

1998 Prop 227 Disestablishment of California bilingual education

program, replaced with one year immersion in English language proficiency

Economy of California reliant on undocumented workers

Gov. Davis’ bill authorizing issuance of drivers licenses to undocumented workers Struck opposition, repealed once Schwarzenegger became Governor

Californians are becoming more like each other

Common culture of California uniting