Camel Forum_RELPA ELMT Open Day Proceedings_26Nov09[1]

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST

RELPA-ELMT OPEN DAY

LA MADA HOTEL, NAIROBI

26TH NOVEMBER, 2009

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Table of Contents

I. BACKGROUND. 3

II. OVERVIEW OF RELPA-ELMT, KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AND LESSONS LEARNT.3

a) Overview of ELMTs Key achievements and lessons learnt by Cary Farley...3

b) EMT Key Achievements by Girma K. Kassa, Deputy Chief of Party, ELMT.....5

III TECHNICAL PRESENTATION ..7

Climate related vulnerability and adaptive capacity in Ethiopias Boran

and Somali Communities by Charles Hopkins, CARE Ethiopia...7

Cross-Border Programming and early Response Planning

by Ibrahim Nur, CARE Somalia.8

Involving the private sector: support to privatization of vet services

in Northern Kenya by Illona Gluecks, VSF-Suisse.10

Camel Forum in Ethiopia by Dr. Kebadu Simachew, SCUS-Ethiopia ..11

Pastoral Voice: Working with customary Institutions by Adrian Cullis, SCUS-Ethiopia 12

Pastoral land use planning and resource management: an integrated

landscape approach by Dr. Boku Tache, SOS Sahel13

Participatory interpretation of high resolution satellite imagery for the evaluation

of NR, land use and management systems by Massimiliano Rossi, LVIA..14

Pastoral GIS Atlas and web based monitoring tools to strengthen the ELMT

information and evidence base by Italo Rizzi , LVIA.15

Lessons learnt and recommendations on irrigated fodder production in Somalia

and Kenya by Mark Abaha, VSF Suisse Somalia..16

Peace Building with Customary Institutions in Northern Kenya by Abdi Billow

and Daniel Kiptugen , Wajir Peace and Oxfam BG...17

Recommendations from Regional Livestock Marketing Workshop

by Martin Nyamweya, VSF Suisse....18

Ethio-Kenya Cross-border Somali Cluster Peace Meeting Organized by CEWARN

and ELMT/ELSE/RCU by Girma Kassa, RCU.....19

Livelihood Diversification framework and Policy linkages with the Ministry of Northern

Kenya by Farouk Jiwa..20

The View from Here by Walter Knausenberger, RELPA Manager, USAID/EA...22

IV. CLOSING..23

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I. BACKGROUND

The Enhanced Livelihoods in the Mandera Triangle (ELMT) Program aims to increase the self-

reliance and resiliency of the population through improved livelihoods in drought prone pastoral

areas of the Mandera Triangle, the cross border area of Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia. The two

year program started on 31st August 2007 and was the field-based component of USAIDs

RELPA Regional Enhanced Livelihoods in the Mandera Triangle (RELPA) program which

included a policy and co-ordination component: PACAPS, as well as support to COMESA.

The ELMT program was implemented by a Consortium led by CARE Somalia comprising:

CARE Kenya, CARE Ethiopia, Save the Children/US (SC/US), Save the Children/UK (SC/UK)

and Veterinaries Sans Frontires-Suisse (VSF-S), together with some 25 resource agencies

and local organizations.

Despite the challenges of working in such a large consortium, across three countries, in an area

constantly challenged by insecurity and drought, much has been achieved by the consortium

members working individually and collaboratively. A considerable amount of innovation has

taken place with cross agency and cross border learning and substantial scale ups in different

areas.

It is for this reason therefore that ELMT held it first open day on the 26th November 2009 at La

Mada Hotel in Nairobi, Kenya. This day provided a platform for the members to share their

experiences, lessons learnt and key achievements with the different stakeholders working with

pastoralists in the region.

Below are the key highlights of the presentations. Full versions of the presentations are

published on the ELMT Website at www.elmt-relpa.org.

OVERVIEW OF RELPA-ELMT, CARY FARLEY

ELMTs Chief of Party, Cary Farley, started his presentation by providing an overview of the

Regional Enhanced Livelihoods in Pastoral Areas (RELPA) program before giving an overview

of the ELMT component.

Regional Enhanced Livelihoods in Pastoral Areas (RELPA) program intended to support an

effective transition from emergency-relief dependency to livelihood resiliency and the promotion

of long-term economic development in dryland and pastoral areas.

Program objectives:

Increase household incomes and economic resiliency of populations living in thepastoral areas;

Reduce populations requirements for emergency assistance; Establish conditions by which pastoral areas in the HoA can participate in a broader

process of social and economic development; Support COMESA in the design of a long term regional umbrella program addressing

food security (> policy process and investment frameworks)

RELPA has four components that include:

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http://www.elmt-relpa.org/http://www.elmt-relpa.org/


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USAIDs Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)- to support emergency response

activities;

COMESA Secretariat - to develop policy to encourage & support pastoral economic

growth;

Pastoral Areas Coordination, Analysis & Policy Support (PACAPS) - to strengthen

regional policy interventions (COMESA) and coordinate EW & ER in the region andpromote regional conflict prevention and mitigation (RCPM);

Enhanced Livelihoods in the Mandera Triangle (ELMT) to undertake on-the-ground

activities to strengthen livestock-based and support complementary/alternative

livelihoods;

ELMT

GOAL: to increase the self-reliance and resiliency of the populations living in the drought prone,

cross-border, pastoral areas of Northern Kenya, Southern Ethiopia and Southwestern Somalia,

through improving livelihoods.

ELMT Objectives and Intermediate Results

Obj. 1: To reduce the requirements for emergency assistance of populations living in pastoralareas in the event of a livelihood shock;

IR1 - Livestock based livelihoods protected in the event of a drought-triggered emergency.

Obj. 2: To increase household incomes and economic resiliency of populations living in pastoralareas;

IR2 - Livelihoods enhanced by improved livestock production, health & marketing.

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IR3 - Natural resource management enhanced.IR4 - Livelihoods enhanced by strengthened alternative, complementary and enhanced incomesources.

Obj. 3: To strengthen conditions for pastoralists to participate in broader social and economicdevelopment processes.

IR5 - Strengthened capacity of organizations and systems in peace building, civil governance &conflict mitigation.IR6 - Pastoral area voice in dryland policy formulation and implementation strengthened at alllevels.

The consortium work is informed by community interests and need, innovations and thinking

outside the box and sharing information.Challenges:

Slow start-up in the beginning Since ELMT is a multi -faced program, bringing different

partners together to work in synchronization took a lot of time. Working in harmony within the consortium at the beginning was also a major challenge.

The various Government and Ministrys recognition and appreciation of the collaboration

also took time. Start up phase took about 12 months. This was an experience, essential

for the growth of ELMT.

Insecurity in many of the areas of operations leads to slow progress.

Next steps

ELMT is coming to a close and an application for an extension until June 2010 has been sent to

USAID. In addition, an external evaluation has just been completed and the evaluators have

advocated for a second phase of both RELPA and ELMT. Recommendations were made for

bridging funds between phase 1 and 2 and the importance of financing a longer term program 10-15 years programs.

ELMT Key Achievements and Lessons Learnt by Girma K. Kassa, Deputy Chief of Party,

ELMT

Girma Kassa started by highlighting the aims of the ELMT program which include addressing

the recurring crises and chronic vulnerability in the Mandera Triangle to improve the resiliency

and livelihoods of people in the same geographic area (N. Kenya, Southern Ethiopia and W.

Somalia).

ELMTS Key Achievements/outputs:

New thinking / Innovations in the fields of: Early Response planning for better preparedness-

better response by continuously is assessing the crisis/drought calendar. This initiative was lead

by SCUK working in partnership with PACAPS; Other areas of new thinking include in animal

health services linking Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs) to community drug stores

and private drug supply services (VSF-Suisse piloted this in Kenya and Somalia) and in Natural

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Resource Management (NRM) where participatory NRM Mapping and the use of GIS has been

introduced into the communities.

Catalytic: ELMT initiated dialogue between different agencies like CEWARN, NSC, MDNKAL,

MoFA on conflict resolution, peace building and development. Round table discussions between

MDNKL and the business community to fast track investment opportunities in Northern Kenya

were also held.Crossborder/regional: A Cross-border

Peace meeting was held in Moyale to link

cross border peace structures (communities

and government) and establishes a

framework for peace council. In addition, a

Regional Livestock Marketing Symposium

(LMS) was held in Nairobi, Kenya to

promote learning from best practices in

the region. Over 44 different stakeholder

groups from the Horn of Africa were

represented including pastoralists, traders

and policy makers. The Camel Husbandry

and Health training was held and this

eventually led to the formation of the Camel

Forum in Ethiopia, a collaborative venture of

VSF, CETH and SCUS.

ElderssayingaprayerattheMoyalePeaceMeeting/Photo/GirmaKassa

Other Major outputs include;

The LMS Report titled working towards best practice-400 pages will published soon by

AU-IBAR.

Testimonies and views from pastoralist on climate change might be presented inCopenhagen by the consortium partners.

There are plans to publish a Natural Resource Management book titled Towards

Participatory Rangeland Management.

Rangeland Monitoring Manual by Impala Research (upcoming)

ELMT-RELPA Website (www.elmt-relpa.org)

Information on RELPA partners and ELMT activities, GIS monitoring

Monthly Technical Bulletin- with key documents, events and issues

ELMT Newsletter on experiences and lessons learnt

Key Lessons

-Implementation versus shared learning and building cross-border linkages

-Need to be more focused on strategic, cross-border issues

-Need to nurture common values and principles between partners

-Closer coordination and ownership.

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II TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS

Climate related vulnerability and adaptive capacity in Ethiopias Borana and Somalia

Communities by Charles Hopkins, CARE Ethiopia

CARE International in Ethiopia and Save the Children-UK Ethiopia country office commissioned

a study on the climate-related vulnerability and adaptive capacity in Ethiopias Borana and

Somalia Communities. This study was conducted by International Institute for Sustainable

Development (IISD), IUCN and CARE International.

The objective of the research was to undertake a comparative analysis of the climate-related

vulnerability and adaptive capacity of Borana and Somali pastoralist communities in Ethiopian to

determine how they have changed over time and how they relate to climate change.

The results of this analysis are intended to provide the Government of Ethiopia, civil society

organizations, and international donors a basis for improved development programming and

advocacy

Analysis of climate change vulnerability

The main climate-related hazard affecting pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Borana

and Shinile is drought. Other climatic and non-climatic hazards affecting livelihoods include -

conflict; locust/pest infestation; bush encroachment, land degradation, extreme heat, livestock

diseases and human diseases (mostly malaria).

Vulnerability to these changes varies with time, geographic location, and economic, social, and

environmental conditions. Climate change impacts on pastoralism and agriculture are therefore

highly region- , livestock- and crop-specific, determining whether they result in net benefits or

losses. For example, in Ethiopia, the productivity of many livestock, pasture and crop species is

expected to decrease. Most of the natural, financial, human and social resources on which

Borana and Shinile communities depend are already significantly affected by climate-related

hazards.

Community suggested strategies for responding to climate change

Short-term coping strategies include:

- Migration of livestock to better pasture lands- Migration of young men to nearby towns and across borders to find employment- Early selling of weak and old animals- Reducing the amount of food consumed-External assistance / food aid

Long-term coping strategies:

- Modifying livestock diversity, composition and numbers;

- Diversifying livelihood activities

- Haymaking, collection and preservation

- Maintenance, rehabilitation and construction of water infrastructure

- Education

- More effective, efficient and participatory management of natural resource

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Recommendations

To the Government of Ethiopia:

- Re-evaluate the place of pastoralism in Ethiopias sustainable development

- Protect andenhance pastoral livelihoods through the development and implementation

of appropriately-targeted economic development, social protection and relief strategies

- Improve coordination, communication, and information-sharing between differentgovernment agencies from national to the local levels

To civil society

- Usingtraditional knowledge and starting from what people are already doing on the

ground

- Understanding climate-livelihood linkages in an intervention area;

- Improving information and knowledge-sharing

To international donors

- Donors should allow enough funding flexibility to enable practitioners to adjust

interventions in the face of climate change uncertainties.

- Donor funding should include funds for emergencies and contingencies to provide

projects and programs with adequate resources to address climate-related emergencies

without threatening the achievement of program/project goals and objectives

- Donors should also promote the integration of climate change adaptation considerations

into development programs, projects, and policies

The video produced alongside the study No Time to Recoverwas played.

The video, policy brief and full report of the research is posted on the ELMT website

Cross-Border Programming and Early Response Planning by Ibrahim Nur, CARE Somalia

Issues in cross border areas include mobility, conflict, natural resources management,

emergency response, livestock diseases and trade. The Mandera Triangle is large, remote and

insecure and it also brings together different countries with different operational context.

Achievements realized through ELMT include- Cross border interventions including community

dialogues (Dolow Ado/Dolow Somalia) on peace building and conflict resolution to improve

access to grazing by CARE Somalia; Cross-border livelihood situation updates by SC/UK were

disseminated to all partners bi-monthly; Garissa cross border contingency planning between

agencies working in Somalia and Government officials (organized by the District Steering

Group/Arid lands, CARE Somalia/ CARE Kenya and VSF-Suisse); cross border peace meeting

in Moyale Ethiopia under the umbrella of CEWARN with support from CARE Somalia (RCU);

SCUK staff in Ethiopia worked with PACAPS/FEG in developing cross border livelihood profile

(Mandera/Suftu) that will inform cross border programming and the fodder study that was done

in Mandera Kenya , Dolow Somali and Dolow Ado

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Learning and sharing of experience:

Camel Husbandry training by VSF Suisse was held in Ethiopia; there was also a workshop on

prosopis held in Nairobi-Kenya led by SC/US in collaboration with CARE Somalia; Holistic

Rangeland Land Management training in Kenya by CARE Somalia (RCU); Policy advocacy

training for consortium members and partners from the three countries by RECONCILE/CARE

Somalia; training of trainers on Fodder production by KARI/KASSAL for all the three countriesin Mandera- Kenya organized by VSF-Suisse in collaboration with CARE Somalia; cross border

NRM mapping in Moyale Ethiopia for all partners from the three countries by SC/US.

Lessons learnt

Pastoralists treat these cross border areas, as one economic unit. Therefore, to be effective in

enhancing pastoralists livelihoods we need to look at this larger picture. There is also need to

understand the dynamics of pastoral livelihoods across these areas more clearly e.g. in terms of

mobility, pastoralists coping strategies to hazards such as drought.

There is a symbiotic relationship between communities across these borders, so programs

should build on this for example in Garissa/Afmadow where Garissa serves as market for

livestock from Lower Juba while Lower Juba serves as a drought reserve for pastoralists from

larger Garissa district of Kenya

Cross border programming requires coordination and engagement on both sides of the border

with Government, other agencies and even donors. It is involving and requires better planning

and commitment particularly in terms of staff time. The crisis calendar is a very useful tool in

early response planning.

Challenges

- Insecurity particularly the deteriorating situation in Somalia is making work difficult

- Large and remote area with poor infrastructure

- Cross border livelihood analysis is lacking

- Different operational context for example no central government in Somalia to relate to,

though district authorities and council of elders provide some semblance of governance

Way Forward

- Support cross border livelihood analysis that can inform cross border programming

- Raise awareness on the value added for cross border programming to enhance pastoralists

livelihoods

- Once there is an understanding and support from all parties develop cross border

contingency plans involving the different actors-communities, Government, NGOs.- Link cross border contingency plans to national level plans.

- Support capacity building of district-based institutions and communities in early response

planning using the crisis calendar.

- Create synergies between the different cross border interventions disease control, peace

building & conflict resolution, livestock trade etc.

- Address issues of policy arising out of cross border work such as livestock trade & disease

control, mobility, conflict, community policing etc.

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Involving the private sector: support to privatization of vet services in Northern Kenya by

Ilona Gluecks, VSF-Suisse

Problem statement: There is only one private veterinarian practicing in the area even though

unexploited potential for vet services exist. Large areas therefore do not benefit from regular

supply of quality drugs and veterinary services and in addition the existing vet drug stores onlysupply most basic drugs.

Although CAHWs have tried to bridge the gap they are not legally recognized. Surviving on

animal health service delivery alone turned out to be difficult as Emergency Projects tended to

subsidized CAHWs for their services and Community ownership/management of vet drug stores

has shown to be a non successful concept.

Objective: Enhance/enable privately run drug stores to provide regular veterinary services and

quality drugs to pastoralist communities in Northern Kenya in a legal and sustainable way.

Approach:

- The selection of privately run agrovet stores or interested people to run a business.- Selection of private supplier

- Linking selected drug store owners and private supplier

- Ensuring legality

- Linking CAHWs to Agrovet Stores

- Selection of active CAHWs in the area (together with Agrovet Store Owner and DVO)

- Training/refresher of CAHWs (incl. business training)

- Linking CAHWs and Agrovet Stores

- Awareness creation among communities

- Supply of Kit to CAHW on the same Shared Risk Model

- Issuing printed Treatment Forms

Monitoring:This was done usingTreatment Forms, Orders (crosscheck with Agrovet Stores)

and on job training

PIA Findings

Financial performance

- Stock turn over for CAHWs increased from 19.5% before to 80.5% after intervention

- 51,000 animals treated, in average 177 cases per month, average monthly profit USD 35

sufficient incentive to motivate CAHW to continue working

- Private supplier planning to expand as agrovet store financially stable

- Drought as a challenge, pastoralists spend money on water and food and less on vet

Quality of CAHW treatments

- Case fatality rate from CAHW-treated animals significantly lower than from owner-treated

animals;

- Knowledge on the use of antibiotics needs to be strengthened;

- Knowledge on camel diseases needs to be strengthened PIA;

Conclusions andRecommendations:

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- Service provided by CAHWs had a positive impact on livelihoods as it substantially

reduced disease related livestock fatalities;

- Improvement still needed;

- Policy environment for CAHWs in Kenya

- Using private sector during disasters (e.g. voucher system to offer treatments through

private sector);

Reactions and Discussions from the Participants

What kind of forum, vision should be used in livestock emergency efforts: lobbying and

advocacy is being done and policy brief for ELMT on this subject has been done and is on the

website.

The Camel Forum in Ethiopia by Dr. Kebadu Simachew, SCUS-Ethiopia

Overview

Ethiopia stands third in African camel population in the world with estimated number of 2.3

million camels. Generally two main camel breed types identified by pastoralists on their milkproduction ability and body size are the Arogg and Ayyon. Husbandry practices are completely

traditional with a herd structure of 1:25 and may go up to 1:50.

Grazing on natural range land is the main source of camel feed. Female camels donot reach

puberty before five years, and age at first calving is 7 years and calving interval is 2 years. Calf

mortality is usually more than 50% on average. Milk production lactation yield ranges from 1090

to 2165 l, and 3.5 - 5 liter per day with 7.5 liters at peak while live weight of camel on average is

400kg for male, yielding 211kg carcass weight. An adult working camel can be exposed to a

draught force level of 1.77-KN without reduction of its draught force output. This huge camel

resource is not utilized properly and constrained by several factors including camel health

problems, inadequate husbandry practices, inadequate information on camel breeds, lack of

clear strategy and knowledge gaps on camel production.

Initiative on camel development

CARE Ethiopia, SC/US and VSF-Suisse as part of ELMT/ELSE took the initiative on camel

development in Ethiopia with prior emphasis on capacity building on camel health, management

and husbandry. A ToT training was organized in two phases on April and August targeting 35

professionals and camel practitioners from regions of Somali, Oromia, Afar and SNNRS.

Camel Forum Ethiopia:This forum was formed as a result of a conference held in Ethiopia on

Camel Development. Participants fully endorsed the establishment of the forum and expressed

their goodwill to be members. The steering committee will be chaired and hosted by the Ministryof Rural and Agricultural Development (MoRAD).

This forum was set up to promote improved camel health, management production and

marketing in Ethiopia, encourage collaborations and networking, for training and research,

documentation, Advocacy sensitization and policy support. It is open to all individuals and

institutions that have principal interest in camel matters

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-Build skills and capacity and improve accountability

-Focus institutions to address fragmentation and land tenure issues

-Links to policy makers


- There are a lot of harmonized pastoralists Customary Institutions in Ethiopia.- Need to push for sustainable livelihood protection alternative livelihoods systems for the

pastoralists. Livelihood diversification leads to sustainable protectionism.

Pastoral land use planning and resource management: an integrated landscape

approach by Dr. Boku Tache, SOS Sahel

Why landscape approach: Environmental variability and resource mosaics in functionally

interconnected landscape units (e.g. mountain forests, plains and hills)

Grazing Systems in Borana Rangeland include: Two macro regions (Liiban & Dirree) separated

by the Dawa River; Liiban two grazing zones of Golba & Gubbaa, Dirree Five grazing zones

(Wayaama, Goomolee, Malbee, Golboo, Dirree [tulaa wells region])

Scaling up (adopting the dheeda approach): Methodology

Stakeholders consultation (institutional basis, under one shade) to create shared understanding,

common vision & direction in NRM

Output

- Two pilot grazing zones visualized, key rangeland resources identified and their current

conditions assessed in 5 districts.-Framework developed for Dheeda level CAPs

-Foreseen Challenges (planned sedentarization)

Conclusion

Maintain integrity/interconnectivity of all elements of the landscape to ensure its support to

sustainable pastoral livelihoods; ensure coherent governance of the landscape as a whole and

Institutional empowerment for landscape management and sustainable pastoralism

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Participatory interpretation of high resolution satellite imagery for the evaluation of NR,

land use and management systems by Massimilliano Rossi, LVIA Ethiopia

As a sub-grantee of CARE Ethiopia, LVIAs main focus was on cartographic aspects of NRM

mapping. LVIA carried out a participatory mapping activity based on interviews with Customary

Institutions. This was coupled with cartographic support observations (satellite images).

A test phase was conducted in Oromiya and Somali

regions of Ethiopia in mid 2009 with the following

findings: Communities could locate themselves on

the cartography and recognize easily their local

environment and features on the land. There was

need of re-setting some technical issues in terms of

support (type of images, resolution, scale and the

interview questions (check list was modified).

The next phase was the preparation which involved

interview protocols preparation, interview organization

in the field and areas selection and support selection.

In total 13 focus groups were formed composing of 3-

5 people from rheeras, three women representatives, three Das and one PA leader.

Communitymemberstryingto'locate'wheretheyare.Photo/M.Rossi

Findings:

Elderswere able to demark non formal administrative boundaries,

Young scoutscould easily track the mobility and migration patterns,

Womencould identify agriculture and grazing reserves patterns,

After the preparation phase, was the digitization of the exercise and final results were asfollows:

- More the 2,400 Sq Km were mapped with high accuracy and digital data delivered to the

federal government.

- IK (indigenous knowledge) was taken into account;

- The activity allowed integration of different knowledge systems through different

approaches;

- The exercise provided an interpretation tool for analysis and study of local territorial

systems;

- All information collected can act as a evidence base to support pastoral policy and

interventions.

Discussions and reactions from the participants

How do you address issues of expensive GIS software and transfer of capacity in the field to the

practitioners and the policy makers? What next after the process has been carried?

One possibly application of the technology is in pastoral training courses for policy makers and

also in policy advocacy by the pastoralists themselves. Oromiya region has been identified as it

has a mandate to have a GIS unit and their work can be integrated into the mapping work.

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There is need to establish a channel of analysis and communication with policy makers about

the use and evolution of the resources. Tool can be used for evidence based discussions with

policy makers and the governments

Pastoral GIS Atlas and web based monitoring tools to strengthen the ELMT information

and evidence base by Italo Rizzi, LVIA Ethiopia

Project Goals/Objectives:Create a digital cartographic database with administrative and bio-

physical themes to highlight to governments, NGOs and other agencies the cross border

similarities in order that these are considered when programming

Datasets coverage can be summarized into three different type:

Local Datasets:High accuracy, produced under small or pilot cartographic projects, (mainactors are NGOs, local governments);National Datasets: Medium accuracy but still with standard problems at regional level. Mainproducers are central governments and development agencies.

Regional Datasets: Low accuracy but good geographical consistency and level ofstandardization (main actors are International organizations, Developments agencies incollaboration with governments)

Challenges:

- Lack of attribute information: Some datasets available on the web or kindly provided by

national and regional stakeholders were lacking of attributes (good geographical quality,

low information contents)

- Edge Matching and Geographical Conflicts problems: Especially along the country

borders, datasets had overlapping of matching problems

- Legend standardization in combining the different national datasets

Utilization of Mandera Triangle Pastoral Atlas

- Data are available in digital format (CD supported);

- Data can be used by any organization, government and agencies working in Mandera

Triangle as a general information support and support development interventions;

- Further numerical data analysis on resources distribution could support sectors priority

identification on a common geographical base;

The whole cartographic database is available and downloadable on the RELPA/ELMT web-site

at:http://www.elmt-relpa.orgon a dedicated page of Pastoral Atlas

Lessons learnt and recommendations on irrigated fodder production in Somalia and

Kenya by Mark Abaha, VSF Suisse Somalia

VSF-S Approach

This activity was carried out: directly, through sub-grants in Somalia (DFCS, MODA),

demonstration Plots in Kenya, training centers, seed bulking, training and learning visits (KARI).

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DFCS Approach:DFCS is a local CBO in Dollow Somalia 73 of the 375 were involved.. The

approach was to engage riverine farmers who are members of the cooperative to produce

fodder. VSF also supported the farmers with training & seeds on cost-sharing basis

Achievements:- Skills improvement; 14 Kenya, 31 Somalia, 73 - DFCS and 65 MODA - Somalia

- Seed production - Somali and Kenya for the farmers and for the market

- Fodder available to pastoralists during drought periods

- Fodder production enhanced e.g. DFCS: Over 9, 000 Bales in store

- Cross learning Study tour (29 on commercial viability of fodder as an IGA and

diversification of livestock breeds)

- Increased incomes;

- Collaboration- KARI/KASAL Rangeland reseeding (37 trained on rangeland reseeding,

suitable rangeland grasses, seed commercialization, importance of seed multiplication

and seed banking)

- Replication: 120 additional farmers have taken up fodder production- MODA: 65 farmers from the Somali - Bantu community (Marginalized)

PIA indicated:

Over 90% survival of the animals for contact farmers while non-contact farmers

recorded higher percentage of mortality

Farmer interviewed indicated increase in milk production

Core breeding animals (cattle and shoats) sustained during drought period

Lessons Learnt

-Training of farm help and managers enhanced production

-Agro-pastoralists need more than just fodder production training (other crops information)-Multiplier effect of seeds has increased seed availability and more farmers engaged

Recommendations

-Harmonize on approaches with other organizations

-Scaling up fodder production (250,000 ha potential available)

-Fodder Farmers Traders link to be developed

-Training of peri urban livestock owners

-Seeds multiplication through local institutions (DFCS MODA)

-Commercial seeds through drug stores


Fodder when the program started it was hard to get seeds in Kenya and they had to be

imported from Ethiopia. However this has changed as a result of the project. Fodder farms in

Mandera and Rapsu are now selling their fodder to the local government for supplementary

feeding for livestock.

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How viable is fodder production through irrigation cost of irrigation especially in the use of

motor pumps is expensive. Gravity irrigation costs are much lower .- Considering going into

intergraded cropping, using crops that are used for human use e.g. maize stalks. It is important

to note that the fodder being produced only provides support during drought only and not

throughout the animals life.

Fodder production is driven by demand. What are the costs of producing fodder; is it

commensurate with market price of livestock farmers are given seed and have capabilities of

fueling the pump and irrigating fodder. This is the selection criteria. Fuel and labour are the

costs incurred by the farmers.

Peace Building with Customary Institutions in Northern Kenya by Abdi Billow and Daniel

Kiptugen , Wajir Peace and Oxfam BG

Why customary institutions? : CIs understand the geography of the area well and have a good

picture of the situation and hence good analysis. Northern Kenya has porous and vastinternational borders that are not well secured. CIs also provide healing and reconciliatory

home-grown solutions and also command respect and has large constituency. They are also

easily available and accessible.

Actors: Customary institutions mainly involve traditional leadership structures like clan leaders,

respected elders, religious leaders, and mentored youth and to some extent women leaders.

Role of traditional institutions: Identify conflict early warning indicators, Map conflict spots,

Analysis analyse conflict trend, actors etc, response and mitigation- rapid response to conflict

early warning indicators and mitigate and dialogue, reconciliation, trauma healing and mediation

and recovery of stolen properties.

Why Establish Early Warning Desks

To be accountable - to funders, managers, colleagues, partners, beneficiaries

To steer- identify how our plans need to be modified to achieve aims and objectives

To learn - so that our experience helps us to be more effective next time

Monitoring Desks: These were established to allow actors to systematically and proactively

ensure that conflict analysis and updating of conflict maps inform local level, national and

regional actors to contribute to a program course that is cost effective, to ensure efficient and

timely early warning response using conflict sensitive lens, to avoid duplication and reinventing

the wheel amongst actors among other reasons.

Achievements

-Established 15 conflict early warning desks-improved linkages from local to regional levels

formed and trained 3 new peace committees

-Sensitized DSG members on conflict sensitive programming and improved programming.

-Enhanced cross border linkages, improved security and improved resource sharing.\

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Lessons Learned

- Traditional institutions are effective and efficient even where state agencies are

nonexistent or weak.

- Blending traditional and modern systems of justice improves human safety and security.

- Conflict is dynamic and there is need to develop new strategies to mitigate its effects.

- Conflict early warning desks are vital in monitoring and designing response for conflicts -Traditional institutions have good knowledge management systems.

- Peace building and conflict management is a collective responsibility.

Reaction and Discussions from Participants:

This presentation highlights the importance of customary institutions. Much impact has been

realized and a national level structure for peace set up from the national levels to the grassroots

and lifting policies at different level. Peace declarations have also been documented. Provincial

declarations are also being reviewed to feed into the national declarations.

Security issues transcend boundaries and this has been consolidated from the local to the

regional level. Peace campaign framework from Kenya has been blended with the IGAD and a

rapid response fund has been created.

Recommendations from Regional Livestock Marketing Workshop by Martin Nyamweya,

VSF Suisse.

Preamble:Improved marketing of livestock and livestock products is critical to the reduction of

poverty and enhancement of pastoral livelihoods. Rapidly growing domestic, regional and global

demand for livestock products offers great market opportunities. Pastoral livelihoods are under

threat from deteriorating rangelands, cycles of drought, inaccessibility of markets and

information, animal diseases, insecurity and conflict, marginalization, policy etc.

Conclusions

- Improved marketing of livestock and livestock products is critical to the reduction of

poverty and enhancement of pastoral livelihoods

- Rapidly growing domestic, regional and global demand for livestock products offers

great market opportunities

- Pastoral livelihoods under threat: deteriorating rangelands, cycles of drought,

inaccessibility of markets and information, animal diseases, insecurity and conflict,

marginalization, policy etc

- Cross border trade in livestock should be accepted and institutionalized

- The significant role private sector plays in improvement of pastoral livestock marketing

- Governments, with support from development partners, actively engaged in pastoral

livestock development initiatives

- Disproportionate focus on cattle in livestock initiatives need to diversify

- Livestock are highly taxed commodities

Recommendations

A. Best Practices for livestock marketing

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- Efforts in building producer associations for collective access to markets: enhancing the

bargaining power

- Market information systems: scaled up to benefit pastoralist marketing initiatives.

- Livestock value chain analysis (e.g. Value Addition Information Management System)

used

- Effective application of drought early warning for off-take management strategies- The export of chilled carcasses rather than live animals

- Provision of financial including Islamic banking services for pastoral livestock value chain

actors

B. Policies for supporting and promoting livestock marketing

- Deliberate pro-pastoral policies designed to mitigate the myriad of constraints in a

holistic way.

- Specific policies for the marketing of pastoral livestock and livestock products

C. Role of Pastoralist Communities

- Pastoral communities should organize themselves for collective marketing of their

livestock & products

- Pastoral communities should be pro-active in lobbying governments, donors and

development partners

- Study exchange visits for pastoralists to learn from other successful livestock marketing

strategies.

Ethio-Kenya Cross-border Somali Cluster Peace Meeting Organized by CEWARN and

ELMT/ELSE/RCU, Girma Kassa, RCU

Overarching objective of the meeting was to start a process for sub-regional cross-border peace

building framework.

Related objectives

-Map out on going conflict management and peace building activities

-Link and strengthen community led and government peace initiatives and structures

-Encourage building trust and confidence

Participants included Pastoral elders and representatives CBOs and local NGO, Provincial

commissioners and regional admin representatives, Police and security personnel, district and

Wereda administrators. The meeting was presided over by the Hon. Mohamed Elmi Kenyas

minister for the Development of Northern Kenya and Arid Lands and H.E Dr Shiferaw T,

Mariam, Minister of FA of Ethiopia.

Causes and triggering factors of conflict:

- Inter-clan tension over establishment of new districts/weredas

- Role of local spoilers/ politicians

- Proliferation of small arms and ammunitions-Spillover from Somalia/Sudan

- Taunting and inciting songs, insults

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Recommendations

- State must provide unequivocal support to community led peace processes

- Local politicians, MPS must be committed to the peace process and refrain from being

spoilers

- Pastoralist elders and community representatives should lead and revamp their peace

activities- Work on a process for the establishment of a sub-regional peace framework

- Reward communities/districts that maintain peace

- Sanction and punish individuals that foment conflict

- Customary institutions to cooperate with state organs in handing over spoilers, criminal

elements to face the law.

Activities for next 3-6 months

1. Strengthening cross-border local/CEWRU peace structures

-series of peace meetings with youth,

-establishing addition peace organs

2 Sensitizing MPs, police, security to secure ownership and buy-in

3 Support a peace process by Boran, Gabra and Garee elders.

Livelihood Diversification Framework and Policy linkages with the Ministry of Northern

Kenya by Farouk Jiwa

An Overview of the Ministry of State for the Development of Northern Kenya and Other Arid

Lands:

Ways of Working:

Coordination - Coordinates development policy in Northern Kenya and other arid areas;

provides clear & coherent leadership across government; complements & amplifies efforts to

make sum total of governments work more effective. Location in Office of Prime Minister gives

it necessary convening power. Ministry is time-bound.

Implementation- Delivery of government plans in target areas is for most part still done through

line ministries. However, Ministry will implement selected flagship projects and piloting new

approaches which add value to the work of others.

Policy, Legal and Institutional Reform - Ministry has finalised the draft policy for the arid and

semi-arid lands and submitted to Cabinet for approval. Ministry is systematically working to

remove any policy, legal or administrative impediments to development in the north of Kenya.And it will strengthen key institutions, both formal and customary, which are critical to planning,

NRM and peace-building.

Key Priorities:

Physical Infrastructure

Human Resource Capacity

Investment & Partnerships

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Peace and Security

ELMT Engagement with Ministry for N. Kenya and other Arid Lands

Human Resource Capacity

Ministry Staff Capacity

Ad-hoc advisory support to Ministry Staff on various issuesAcumen Fund Fellows opportunity

Education Foundation for Northern Kenya

Light-touch support: AKU, KCDF, Board Members Recruitment

Pastoralism/ Northern Kenya Curriculum Development consultations with Kenyan Universities.

Functional Literacy for Adults in Northern Kenya

- Development of Functional Literacy Curriculum

- Kenya Institute of Education & Ministry of Education Roundtable

- Training Adult education Teachers in Functional literacy opportunity

- Job Placements Initiative, BDS Voucher Scheme

Northern Kenya Investment Fund opportunity

Investment

Eco-Tourism Assessment

- Assessed different best practice eco-tourism models in N. Kenya

- Reviewed key dimensions: Funding, legal & financial counsel symmetry, ownership,

environmental impact, social impact, viability, community dividends and elite capture

- Shared the findings with 35 eco-tourism sector stakeholders at roll-out event-

- Provided a brief to Ministry for N. Kenya to be reviewed for inclusion in Vision 2030

Annex

- Helped start the conversation within CARE Kenya about our position on eco-tourism outcome still pending

Northern Kenya Investment Fund

This is a regional social venture fund model (as opposed to private equity or sectoral fund)but it

is envisaged that this will be a Fund++ like the Atlantic Canada Opportunity Agency (ACOA) set

up to stimulate investment and job creation in economically & geographically marginalized

Maritime Provinces of Canada.

It will be modeled on experiences from setting up CARE Enterprise Partners (now $100 million

Africinvest) and as IFC investee, etc. Ad-hoc guidance from Enablis, Acumen Fund, IFC-BPI,

GroFin, etc. Also MRRD Afghanistan. Consensus has been reached that NKIF will operateoutside of Government of Kenya ring-fenced from Treasury, Ministerial appointment changes.

The fund will be managed by independent professional fund managers and debate is on

Impact Investing community on venture fund vs. simulated social venture fund approach still

on-going.

Phase I (completed)

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- Consultative meetings with key organizations across the financial services sector

MFIs, Commercial Banks, Social Venture Funds, DFIs (and eventually donors)

- Consultative meetings with selected BDS providers IFC, TechnoServe, etc

- Consultative meetings with businesses (SMEs) in N. Kenya or those interested in

investing

- Good opportunity to raise awareness of N. Kenya needs and Ministry in the sector- Mapping of financial services sector with interest in N. Kenya

Phase II (underway)

- Jointly develop a Northern Kenya Investment Fund (NKIF) Framework has already

generated considerable interest among financial sector stakeholders. First formal

consultative meeting to be held on 1st December 2009 (next week): Limited to 30 pax

- Identify specific areas for policy changes to encourage financial sector deepening in N.

Kenya.

- Based on feedback, develop a draft NKIF Framework

- Quiet consultations and review with selected financial services stakeholders

- Larger Meeting on NKIF framework to be presented in mid-January 2010

Phase III

-Elaborate structure, governance, management and investment policies of NKIF

-Another round of review with selected stakeholders

-Set up fundraising strategy for NKIF

-Establish capitalization target for both BDS & Fund: ($20 Million estimated)

-Quiet fundraising phase for NKIF approach turn-key donors and projects who are more likely

to invest and invest.

-Wider fundraising for NKIF, leveraging funds committed / secured

Phase IV

Launch the Northern Kenya Investment Fund

The view from here by Walter Knausenberger, RELPA Manager, USAID/EA

RELPA launched with Famine Prevention Funds intended to:

- Validate promising potential solutions to chronic vulnerability

- Be innovative and catalytic, while flexible

- Leverage resources of other partners

- Promote institutional and policy reform to stimulate growth

Major Achievements include:

- Evidence that the Famine Prevention Fund intentions have been advanced

- Key policy changes endorsed by Councils of Ministers of Agriculture & Env.

- Facilitation of cross border livestock trade

- Establishment of long term livestock development in the COMESA region (ACTESA)

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- COMESA pioneering a regional approach and mechanism addressing Transboundary --

Animal Diseases in the HoA in cooperation with the Middle East livestock trade partners

and other key stakeholders (IBAR, IGAD, ILRI, FAO, USDA)

- ELMT-RELPA achieved breakthrough working with CEWARN in organizing the recent

cross-border peace framework meeting held in Moyale

- Evidence that resilience of pastoralists has been increased, e.g. Business DevelopmentServices, and functional literacy /numeracy training; private veterinary services in remote

drylands.

- Number of vulnerable households assisted (72,714) greatly exceeded target (13,541)

- Leveraging of ECHO funds Regional Drought Decision program, project co-hosted by

ELMT Reg. Coordination Unit (30 M Euros) among others.

Challenges/Opportunities:

- Achieving true regional synergies and more holistic paradigm-shifting approaches to reversing

the downward spiral in drylands

-Transformative ideas need much greater emphasis, e.g. ways to revive customary community

institutions, land tenure, trade, livelihoods and peace initiatives must be linked

-Truly effective coordination, synchrony, linkages across actors

Future of Pastoralism in Horn of Africa

- Transformative wide-area pastoralism-favoring management lifescapes to govern access to

wet and dry season grazing

-Holistic planned grazing through customary drylands management systems, e.g. linked to

Boran gadasocio-political governance

-Integrally linked to livelihoods, trade and peace maintenance support structures, full

government buy-in to community-led productivity initiatives

-Foster private entrepreneurship, e.g., private veterinary services, fodder production & greatlyexpanded haymaking and storage practices

CLOSING

The Chief of Party thanked all the presenters and participants for attending the open day saying

that in future ELMT would have more of such forums where different stakeholders can share

experiences and lessons learnt.

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