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Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Eco-Labelling & Carbon Footprinting:
A UK Perspective
Alan CampbellCampden BRI
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
A New Name
Campden BRI
+
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Campden BRI - Chipping Campden
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Campden BRI - What is our Role ?
To provideCentre of scientific and technical excellence
For the benefits ofOur clients
By havingA sound research and development base with the ability to advise, train and serve the food, drink,
catering and associated industries
So as to ensureProduct safety, improved product quality and efficiency
and stimulate product, package and process innovation.
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Campden BRIOver 85 years experience working with the
food chain (est. 1919)
Annual Sales Turnover c. £ 12.5 m
Staff c. 300 (+ 30 in Hungary)
Members c. 1600 companies worldwide
Independent and non-profit distributing
Largest in the world
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
PAS 2050
• PAS 2050 explains how to assess GHG emissions of an individual product, either a physical good or a service, across its entire life cycle:
– from raw materials through all stages of production (or service provision), distribution, use and disposal
• Developed in partnership by BSI, The Carbon Trust and Defra in the UK, with significant input from other stakeholders
• The method was tested across a diverse set of sectors and product types
• PAS 2050 final version published October 2008
PAS 2050:2008. ‘Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services’
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Types of data
• Activity data refers to all the quantities involved in the product’s life cycle (material inputs and outputs; energy used; transport; etc.)
• Emission factors provide the link that converts these quantities into the resulting GHG emissions:
For electricity: e.g. in CO2e per kWh For fuel: e.g. in CO2e per litre of fuel used ...
Two types of data are necessary to calculate a carbon footprint:
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Data sources
• Primary activity data refers to data measured internally or by someone else in the supply chain
PAS 2050 states that primary activity data must be used for all processes and materials which your organisation owns, operates or controls
• Secondary data comes from sources other than direct measurement (LCA databases, industry reports, etc.)
Where primary data is not available (e.g. for some raw materials), secondary data may be used
Data can come from either primary or secondary sources:
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Calculation
The basic equation for product carbon footprinting is the sum of all material inputs and outputs multiplied by their emission factors, across all activities in the product’s life cycle:
AD: activity data, measured in mass, volume, energy, etc.
EF: emission factor, measured in CO2e per unit of mass, volume, ...
CF: carbon footprint, measured in CO2e per product unit
Lifecycle step 1: AD1 x EF1 = CF1
Lifecycle step 2: AD2 x EF1 = CF1
...
Overall product life cycle carbon footprint: CF
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Uncertainty
• Reducing uncertainty: Replace secondary/reference data with good quality primary
activity data Improve the model used to calculate the carbon footprint to
make it more representative of reality
If the goal is to certify and communicate the product footprint to customers, then it will require more precise calculations than simply using the footprint data internally to improve processes.
• Sources of uncertainty: Missing data for parts of the supply chain Data of questionable quality: not specific, not reliable, ...
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Example: The carbon
footprint of a bottle of ale
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
The process map
Disposal
Consumer Use
Distribution/Retail
Manufacture
Raw MaterialsPackaging
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Summary & Hotspots
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Summary & Hotspots
Total Packaging = 24%
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Apple Juice (Own Farm)
CF per PU kgCO2/PU
0.195 0.235 0.013 0.001 0.001 0.049
Materials Apples Glass bottle Plastic cap Paper
label/adhesive Plastic cap wrap Cardboard boxes
Percentage
39%
47%
Total Packaging
60%
Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Reliance on secondary data:1 litre homemade apple juice
Importance of secondary data
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Chilled cottage pie footprint
High value 400g chilled cottage pie
25 ingredients
36 unit operations
Many co-products
Absolute data remains confidential to company and Defra
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Beef cottage pie product unit (PU) composition
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Breakdown of the GHG contributions to 400g beef
cottage pie ready meal
Packaging
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Allocation for co-products:
500g pre-packed cheesePackaging
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Carbon Footprint
Still in early stagesLimited number of products
availableTesco – 4Walkers CrispsOther companies still developing
information
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Tesco
Other products include
• Low energy light bulbs
• Laundry Detergents
• Potatoes
Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Post launch findings.Initial customer survey on labelling had positive findings.
85% thinking about the impact of products they buy on the environment
68% of respondents now correctly understood the term ‘Carbon Footprint’
32% also understood the concept of product lifecycle.
Only 2% claimed they had ‘no idea’
20% recognition of label
54% claim that they would buy products with a lower carbon footprint if they were widely labelled
A further 38% said they would if they were as cheap/convenient
Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Walkers – Cheese & Onion
Grow/Harvest = 44%Processing = 30%Packaging = 15%Transport = 9%Disposal (pack) = 2%
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Consumer Awareness
• Too many different logos on packs• Are they important (to me)?• Industry responsible for education• Other studies
– When alerted consumer has high understanding
– When publicity stops?– Is price a factor?
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Results of DEFRA Survey - Headline Findings (across
projects)• Consumer understanding is low and assumptions do not match reality
• ‘If this is serious’ - Consumers expect Government and Business to be acting
• Behaviour goals – People are motivated by local scale and personal benefits People are unlikely to take on anything that will impact their everyday lifestyle
• Buying ‘better products’ is acceptable and people are interested in knowing they’re better
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Results of DEFRA Survey – Headline Findings from Food
ResearchAny voluntary shift towards pro-environmental behaviour on consumers’ side must be met with visible action from business and government
• A premium is placed on leadership in this area
• Businesses are seen as the lynch-pin for change
• Consumers are seeking leadership and guidance from Government
CCFRA 2008 Campden BRI
©Campden BRI 2008
Results of DEFRA Survey – Headline Findings from Food
Research• Business is a lynchpin for change
Consumers believe supermarkets and food manufacturers have a central role to play in creating change
• Across all segments consumers are looking for business to:
Self regulate to ensure sustainable practices Enable better choices for consumers Implement sustainable practices during production
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Carbon Neutral Beer
Uses offsetting to produce a Carbon Neutral Product
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Mature Logo
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Same Message – But Different
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Multiple Recycling Information
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Logo Overload?
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Conventional vs Bio/Compostable
Conventional
• Non-renewable resource
• Absorbs carbon
Bio/Compostable
• Natural renewable product
• Carbon neutral (?)
• End of life – biomass & water
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Packaging
The contribution by packaging materials to the carbon footprint of the product is often overstated
The whole production process must be fully understood before a true value can be obtained
Campden BRI©Campden BRI 2008
Thank you
Alan CampbellCampden BRI
+44 1386 [email protected]
www.campden.co.uk