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Introduction
• Different user requirements dictate different network solutions
• How to decide what model of network to build?
• For each of the models:Define network requirements
Analyze the network design architecture
Review required Technologies
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LAN Backbone Technologies
FDDIFDDI
“classical” L1Install & Forget
Robust & Redundant if Concentrators used !Very Fast Failover
todays L2, L3 FDX Topo like EthernetExpensive...
10 Mbps100 Mbps1000 MbpsFDX
“802.3” Ethernet“802.3” Ethernet
•End to End Technology•limited QOS (COS)•Multimedia over IP•FDX = NO Collisions !•Existing Knowhow•Very Low Cost
155 Mbps 622 Mbps FDX
•Backbone only in Campus (rarely Desktops)•Interoperable Redundancy & Loadsharing by PNNI1•VLAN Standard (LANE)•Full QOS (PBX Connection)•Scaling Issues in large Campus•Moderate Cost
ATMATM
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ATM Physical TopologyCampus Backbone
25/155 Mb/sATM
Building Backbone
ATMWAN
4/16 TR
10/100 Mb/s Ethernet
155 or622 Mb/s
Central Switch
155 or622 Mb/s
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Ethernet Physical TopologyBuilding Backbone
up to 2 Gb/s
ATM
10/100 Mb/s
10/100/1000 Mb/s
WAN
Campus Backbone
ATM
up to 8 Gb/s
4/16 TR(Future)
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Gigabit Ethernet Distances
{
{
{1000BaseLX~1300 nm
{1000BaseSX~850 nm
1000BaseCXCopper
550m 3 km260m
Mach. Room Building Backbones Campus Backbone
“Long-Haul Copper” (802.3ab)
100m
Wiring Closet
440m
50u Multimode50u Multimode
50u Multimode50u Multimode
4 pr Cat 5 UTP4 pr Cat 5 UTP
62.5u Multimode62.5u Multimode
62.5u Multimode62.5u Multimode
//
9u Singlemode9u Singlemode
25m
Balanced Shielded Cable
C
Long Reach Lasers:15 to 60 km
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Current Campus Design
VLAN 1
VLAN 4
VLAN 2
L3 less performant L3 less performant
80+% Local Traffic80+% Local Traffic
L2 Wire SpeedL2 Wire Speed
Multi VLAN ServerMulti VLAN Server
Common ServerCommon Server
Smaller L2 Domains:•Faster convergence, better resilience
•Less broadcast traffic
•Security domains
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New Trafficpatterns
•WEB Technology &Distributed Systemsarrived
•Desktop-to-Desktop Video Interactive Applications Intranets
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Emerging Campus Structure
L2 =L3 Performance
Small localized Access VLANsSmall localized Access VLANs
Single VLANBackboneSingle VLANBackbone
Central Server VLANsCentral Server VLANs
95% Non Local Traffic95% Non Local Traffic
Existing StructureExisting Structure
VLAN 2
•Multilayer Switches provide L2/L3 Features
•Control by Access lists
•Selective BC forwarding
•Advanced Services
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Multilayer Switching Solutions
Multilayer Switching Multilayer Switching Fusing Routing and SwitchingFusing Routing and Switching
Multi Protocol Over ATMMulti Protocol Over ATMInter ELAN Cut-through Switching
(MPOA)—ATMF Standard
NetFlowNetFlow™™ Switching SwitchingMultilayer Switch Backbone
Inter VLAN Switching
Tag SwitchingTag SwitchingRouter Backbones
Scalable Internet/Intranet
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Multiprotocol over ATM
AA
ATM BackboneATM Backbone
MPOA ServerHandles Initial FlowMPOA ServerHandles Initial Flow
BB
Cut Through PathRemainder of FlowCut Through PathRemainder of Flow
ATMF StandardBased on LANE & NHRPLimited SecurityNo IP MC Support in Standard
ELAN AELAN A
ELAN BELAN B
MPOA ClientMPOA Client
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NetFlow Switching
SiSi
• NetFlow switching
High performance Layer 3 switching
Fully compliant with all IETF standards
No Host changes required
• Flow managementPlanning, administration and troubleshooting
• NetFlow servicesSecurity services
Class of serviceenablement
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NFLS First Packet of a Flow
Campus Client
VLAN X
VLAN Y
Server
Application• Forwarding:
• Route Table• Security:
• Access list•Management:
• Accounting
• Forwarding: • Route Table
• Security: • Access list
•Management:• Accounting
Route Processor TasksRoute Processor Tasks Catalyst Switch with NFFCCatalyst Switch with NFFC
Full Router or RSMFull Router or RSM
SiSi
Net Flow Lan SwitchingNet Flow Lan Switching
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NFLS Remainder of Flow
Campus Client
VLAN X
VLAN Y
Server
SiSi
L3 cut-through switchingASIC in Catalyst
(Services are maintained)
• Learn Flow• Build Cache: Source Address, Dest. Address, Application• Forward Packets InterVLAN• Gather Statistics
• Learn Flow• Build Cache: Source Address, Dest. Address, Application• Forward Packets InterVLAN• Gather Statistics
Catalyst NFFCCatalyst NFFC
Catalyst Switch with NFFCCatalyst Switch with NFFC
Full Router or RSMFull Router or RSM
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Integrated NetFlow Management
Flow Flow CollectionCollection
Flow Switching Flow Switching and Data Exportand Data Export
RMON ProbeRMON Probe
Si
Si
SwitchesSwitches
RoutersRouters
Flow Flow ConsolidationConsolidation
TrafficTrafficDirectorDirector
Flow Profiling
Accounting/Billing
NetworkPlanning
Network Monitoring
Flow ConsumersFlow Consumers
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Four Basic Campus Architectures
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
Layer 2/Layer 3Layer 2/Layer 3with Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
CampuswideVLANs
HierarchicalL2/L3 Network
Frame-SwitchedBackbone
ATM-SwitchedBackbone
Layer 2/Layer 3 Layer 2/Layer 3 with ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
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Campuswide Vlans
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
Layer 2/Layer 3Layer 2/Layer 3with Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
CampuswideVLANs
HierarchicalL2/L3 Network
Frame-SwitchedBackbone
ATM-SwitchedBackbone
Layer 2/Layer 3 Layer 2/Layer 3 with ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
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Campuswide VLANs
• Users are Members of a specific VLAN (Subnet)independent of physical moves
• Each VLAN could have a common set of security requirements for all members
• Today most traffic is local to VLANWith wirespeed L3 Performance no longer required
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Campuswide VLANs
I.e. User VLAN Membership via MAC address with VMPS Feature on moves
I.e. User VLAN Membership via MAC address with VMPS Feature on moves
Lay
er 3
-4+
Ro
uti
ng
an
d F
ilter
ing
Acc
ess
Co
ntr
ol,
Acc
ou
nti
ng
Lay
er 3
-4+
Ro
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an
d F
ilter
ing
Acc
ess
Co
ntr
ol,
Acc
ou
nti
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CentralACLNetflow RMON
CentralACLNetflow RMON
Issue: Scalability of campuswide L2 VLANs
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Campuswide VLANs
I.e. User VLAN Membership via MAC address with VMPS Feature on moves
I.e. User VLAN Membership via MAC address with VMPS Feature on moves
Lay
er 3
-4+
Ro
uti
ng
an
d F
ilter
ing
Acc
ess
Co
ntr
ol,
Acc
ou
nti
ng
Lay
er 3
-4+
Ro
uti
ng
an
d F
ilter
ing
Acc
ess
Co
ntr
ol,
Acc
ou
nti
ng
CentralACLNetflow RMON
CentralACLNetflow RMON
VirtualMembershipPolicy Server
VirtualMembershipPolicy Server
SRC MAC Address
SRC MAC Address
VLAN IDVLAN ID
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Campuswide Vlans =>Ethernet
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
Layer 2/Layer 3Layer 2/Layer 3with Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
CampuswideVLANs
HierarchicalL2/L3 Network
Frame-SwitchedBackbone
ATM-SwitchedBackbone
Layer 2/Layer 3 Layer 2/Layer 3 with ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
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Campuswide VLAN =>Ethernet Backbone
• Majority of local Traffic
• Static IP addressing is common
(DHCP can be used, too)
• Common security requirements per VLAN
• Lots of adds, moves and changes
• All VLANs across all switches and the backbone over time
• Spanning Tree Loadin Distribution/CoreLayer !!
DistributionDistributionLayerLayer
Core LayerCore Layer
WiringWiringClosetCloset
Switched EthernetSwitched Ethernet
ISL TaggingISL Tagging
ISL TaggingISL Tagging
Fast/Gigabit Ethernet
Fast/Gigabit Ethernet
WorkgroupServers
WorkgroupServers
EnterpriseServers
EnterpriseServers
Inter-VLANRouting
Inter-VLANRouting
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Campuswide Vlans => ATM
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
Layer 2/Layer 3Layer 2/Layer 3with Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
CampuswideVLANs
HierarchicalL2/L3 Network
Frame-SwitchedBackbone
ATM-SwitchedBackbone
Layer 2/Layer 3 Layer 2/Layer 3 with ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
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Campuswide VLAN => ATM Backbone
• Best for local Traffic• Lots of adds, moves,
and changes
• Static IP addressing common (DHCP can be used)
• Common security requirements per ELAN
• Traditional voice/video in ATM core
• Multiple VLAN (ELAN) membership across all wiring closets
• ATM VC CountScaleability !!!
WorkgroupServers
WorkgroupServers
Core LayerCore Layer
ATM with PNNI
ATM with PNNI
WiringWiringClosetCloset
Switched EthernetSwitched Ethernet
EnterpriseServers
MultipleELANs
MultipleELANs
Inter-ELANRouting
Inter-ELANRouting
ATM OC-3ATM OC-3
LANELANE
VC Count !!VC Count !!
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LAN Emulation - Scalability Issues
LECS LES BUS
Required SVC´s for 3 Clients...
Required SVC´s for 3 Clients...
Ethernet Clients &Server
Ethernet Clients &Server
ATM attached LANE Clientsneed HIGH Performance ATM Hardwareto handle large number of SVC´s
LAN connected Clients CAN scale better(depends on Switch Implementation)
ATM attached LANE Clientsneed HIGH Performance ATM Hardwareto handle large number of SVC´s
LAN connected Clients CAN scale better(depends on Switch Implementation)
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Campuswide VLAN =>Ethernet Distribution, ATM Core
DistributionDistributionLayerLayer
Core LayerCore Layer
WiringWiringClosetCloset
Switched EthernetSwitched Ethernet
ISL TaggingISL Tagging
ATM LaneATM LaneWorkgroupServers
WorkgroupServers
EnterpriseServers
EnterpriseServers
Inter-ELANRouting
Inter-ELANRouting
ATM PNNIATM PNNI
• Best for local Traffic
• Lots of adds, moves, and changes
• Static IP addressing common (DHCP can be used)
• Common security requirements per ELAN
• Traditional voice/video in ATM core
• Multiple VLAN (ELAN) membership across all wiring closets
• Much lower ATM VC Requirements
• SPT Load !
SPT Load !SPT Load !
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Campuswide VLAN with ATM — Required Technologies
• LAN Emulation
• Inter-ELAN switching on routers
• High call/sec setup rate on ATM switch
• High BUS performance (mainly for multicast)
• PNNI for auto-rerouting in ATM core
• LANE Services Redundancy (SSRP)
• HSRP with LANE
• Sophisticated switch debugging tools
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Hierarchical Design
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
Layer 2/Layer 3Layer 2/Layer 3with Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
CampuswideVLANs
HierarchicalL2/L3 Network
Frame-SwitchedBackbone
ATM-SwitchedBackbone
Layer 2/Layer 3 Layer 2/Layer 3 with ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
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Hierarchical L2/L3 Network
• Users are still grouped into VLANS (subnets)for overall network scalability
• Layer 3 performance approaches Layer 2 performance
• User’s VLAN membership changes as they move
• Traffic patterns nonlocal or unknown
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L3L3L3L3
L3L3
Hierarchical L2-L3 Campus
Block 1Block 1 Block nBlock n
Server BlockServer BlockCoreCore
Fully StructuredScaleable L3
Fully StructuredScaleable L3
User VLANsTerminate Here
User VLANsTerminate Here
Introduce Multilayer Switches at the Distribution
Introduce Multilayer Switches at the Distribution
DHCPService
DHCPService
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Hierarchical L2/L3 Network
• Layer 2 and Layer 3 used to advantageNo penalty for L3 with NetFlow™ LAN switching
Matches the new nonlocal traffic pattern
• VLANs for scalability and trunkingVLANS used as a design tool to optimize traffic flows
VLAN membership changes with moves
• Preserves scalability, addressing, policy
• Fast convergence at all layers of the network
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Hierarchical ATM
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
Layer 2/Layer 3Layer 2/Layer 3with Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
CampuswideVLANs
HierarchicalL2/L3 Network
Frame-SwitchedBackbone
ATM-SwitchedBackbone
Layer 2/Layer 3 Layer 2/Layer 3 with ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
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L2/L3 Network=> ATMF MPOA
• L3=L2 performance
• NO L3/L4 Accesscontrol
• Typical single Subnet per Closet
• DHCP for IP mobility
• User’s VLAN membership changes with moves
• Most traffic leaves ELAN
• Traditional Voice/Video in ATM core
Core LayerCore Layer
ATM with PNNI
ATM with PNNI
WiringWiringClosetCloset
Switched EthernetSwitched Ethernet
Route Server(MPS)
Route Server(MPS)
ATM OC-3ATM OC-3MultiprotocolClient (MPC)
MultiprotocolClient (MPC)
Workgroup andEnterprise Servers
Workgroup andEnterprise Servers
MPCMPC
MPOAMPOA
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L2/L3 Network =>Ethernet Distribution, ATM Core
DistributionDistributionLayerLayer
Core LayerCore Layer
WiringWiringClosetCloset
Switched EthernetSwitched Ethernet
ISL TaggingISL Tagging
ATM LaneATM Lane
EnterpriseServers
EnterpriseServers
NetFlowL3/L4
NetFlowL3/L4
ATM PNNIATM PNNI
• L3=L2 performance
• L3/4 NetFlow Services
• Typical single Subnet per Closet
• User’s VLAN membership changes with moves
• DHCP for IP mobility
• Most traffic leaves ELAN
• Traditional Voice/Video in ATM core
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Hierarchical Ethernet
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
Campuswide VLANCampuswide VLANwith ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
Layer 2/Layer 3Layer 2/Layer 3with Ethernet with Ethernet
BackboneBackbone
CampuswideVLANs
HierarchicalL2/L3 Network
Frame-SwitchedBackbone
ATM-SwitchedBackbone
Layer 2/Layer 3 Layer 2/Layer 3 with ATM Backbonewith ATM Backbone
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L2/L3 Network =>Ethernet
DistributionDistributionLayerLayer
Core LayerCore Layer
WiringWiringClosetCloset
Switched EthernetSwitched Ethernet
ISL TaggingISL Tagging
EnterpriseServers
EnterpriseServers
FE, GEFE, GE
• L3=L2 performance
• L3/4 NetFlow Services
• Typical single Subnet per Closet
• User’s VLAN membership changes with moves
• DHCP for IP mobility
• ISL used to maximize uplink utilization
ISL TaggingISL Tagging
NetFlowL3/L4
NetFlowL3/L4
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IP Mobility
• DHCP used for those clients who move frequently
• Client receives valid IP address, mask, gateway independent of location
• Similar in principle to Novell client auto addressing
• DHCP is the best solution for IP mobility
• If DHCP is not possible=> Local Area Mobility can be considered
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Overall L2/L3 Campus Architecture
. . . .. . . .Switched EthernetSwitched Ethernet
WiringClosetWiringCloset
. . . .
Switch DomainSwitch Domain
DistributionLayer(NetFlowLAN Switching)
DistributionLayer(NetFlowLAN Switching)
ISL Fast EthernetISL Fast Ethernet
WorkgroupServersWorkgroupServers
EnterpriseServersEnterpriseServers
CoreLayerCoreLayer
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Desktop Connectivity
•Provision switched Ethernet to the desktop•Use 10/100 ports for Migration to Fast Ethernet•Catalyst™ 5500 for high density
or chassis fault tolerance
•Provision switched Ethernet to the desktop•Use 10/100 ports for Migration to Fast Ethernet•Catalyst™ 5500 for high density
or chassis fault tolerance
Switched Ethernet to the Desktop
. . . .WiringClosetWiringCloset
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VLAN Allocation
•VLANs used to optimize network design•Use VLAN trunking to scale uplink bandwidth •Simple—maximize determinism of traffic flows•Subnet size is approximately the size of a wiring closet
•VLANs used to optimize network design•Use VLAN trunking to scale uplink bandwidth •Simple—maximize determinism of traffic flows•Subnet size is approximately the size of a wiring closet
VLAN#VLAN# 2. . . .
3 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 6 7 50 5150 51 etc.
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Wiring Closet Interconnection
. . . .
Fast Ethernet/EtherChannel ISL
Fast Ethernet/EtherChannel ISL
•Redundant Fast Ethernet ISL trunks•Switch domain defined by building size•Deploy RSM/NetFlow LAN switching in distribution layer
•Redundant Fast Ethernet ISL trunks•Switch domain defined by building size•Deploy RSM/NetFlow LAN switching in distribution layer
DistributionLayerDistributionLayer
. . . .. . . .Switch DomainSwitch Domain
WiringClosetWiringCloset
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Wiring Closet Detail View
FE ISLFE ISL
Wiring ClosetWiring Closet
Distribution LayerDistribution Layer
VLANs:VLANs: 2 3 2 3 4 5 4 5
X = forwardingY = blockingX = forwardingY = blocking
…
•Both uplinks are used for traffic•Each uplink backs the other up•Each Rootbridge backs the other up•VLAN trunking to optimize design
•Both uplinks are used for traffic•Each uplink backs the other up•Each Rootbridge backs the other up•VLAN trunking to optimize design
Block 1Block 1
STP Root forEven VLANsSTP Root forEven VLANs
STP Root forOdd VLANsSTP Root forOdd VLANs
FE ISLFE ISL
2323
3232
2323
4545
3333
5454
4545
5454
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Redundancy Analysis
Wiring ClosetWiring Closet
Distribution LayerDistribution Layer
VLANs:VLANs: 2 3 2 3 4 5 4 5
X = forwardingY = blockingX = forwardingY = blocking
…
•Fail any link•Fail any distribution layer switch•Traffic automatically flows on alternate link•UplinkFast used to converge in seconds
•Fail any link•Fail any distribution layer switch•Traffic automatically flows on alternate link•UplinkFast used to converge in seconds
Block 1Block 1
3232
2323
4545
3333
5454
4545
5454
XX
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UplinkFast States
ListeningListening
ForwardingForwarding
LearningLearningBlockingBlocking
TraditionalTraditional
ListeningListening
ForwardingForwarding
LearningLearningBlockingBlocking
UplinkFast FeatureUplinkFast Feature
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UplinkFast
Wiring ClosetWiring Closet
Distribution LayerDistribution Layer
MAC Addresses “1” “2” “3”MAC Addresses “1” “2” “3”
Forwarding tables updated byMulticast “Dummy” Packets Forwarding tables updated byMulticast “Dummy” Packets
MCast
SA “1”
MCast
SA “2”
MCast
SA “3”Multicast “Dummy” Packets with Source MAC AddressesMulticast “Dummy” Packets with Source MAC Addresses
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Scale the Bandwidth with VLANs
Wiring ClosetWiring Closet
Distribution LayerDistribution Layer
VLANs:VLANs: 2 3 2 3 4 5 4 5
X = forwardingY = blockingX = forwardingY = blocking
…
•Add another VLAN and Trunk between wiring closet and distribution layer•Readdressing is automatic with DHCP
•Add another VLAN and Trunk between wiring closet and distribution layer•Readdressing is automatic with DHCP
Block 1Block 1
2323
4545
3333
5454
4545
5454
2323
3232
2310
2310
3210
3210
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Scaling BW—Fast EtherChannel
Wiring ClosetWiring Closet
Distribution LayerDistribution Layer
VLANs:VLANs: 2 3 2 3 4 5 4 5
X = forwardingY = blockingX = forwardingY = blocking
…
•Fast EtherChannel to increase uplink BW•400 or 800 Mbps•Needs Spanning Tree support for redundant environment
•Fast EtherChannel to increase uplink BW•400 or 800 Mbps•Needs Spanning Tree support for redundant environment
Block 1Block 12310
2310
3210
3210
2323
4545
3333
5454
4545
5454
Fast EtherChannelFast EtherChannel
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Distribution Layer => Layer 3 Switching
. . . .
Fast Ethernet/EtherChannel ISL
Fast Ethernet/EtherChannel ISL
• Deploy NetFlow LAN Switching (NFLS)
Catalyst 5000 family switch
Route Switch Module (RSM)
NetFlow Feature Card (NFFC)
DistributionLayerDistributionLayer
. . . .. . . .Switch DomainSwitch Domain
WiringClosetWiringCloset. . . .
NFFC
RSM
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Distribution Layer Redundancy
• Use both Layer 3 Switching engines
• HSRP for IP
Redundancy
Fast failover
VLANs 1-10 (Example)VLANs 1-10 (Example)
Backplane Interconnections to VLANs 1-10 Plus CoreBackplane Interconnections to VLANs 1-10 Plus Core
HSRP Primaryfor VLANs 1-10Even
HSRP Primaryfor VLANs 1-10Even
HSRP Primaryfor VLANs 1-10Odd
HSRP Primaryfor VLANs 1-10Odd
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Core Layer Interconnection
DistributionLayerDistributionLayer
. . . .. . . . WiringClosetWiringCloset. . . .
EnterpriseServersEnterpriseServers
CoreLayerCoreLayer
. . . .
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EnterpriseServersEnterpriseServers
DistributionLayer(NetFlowLAN Switching)
DistributionLayer(NetFlowLAN Switching)
Core LayerFast Ethernet/Fast EtherChannel
Core LayerFast Ethernet/Fast EtherChannel
. . .
Single IP Subnet in Simplified CoreSingle IP Subnet in Simplified Core
Ethernet Core—Single VLAN
• Fast convergence in core with OSPF or EIGRP
• Bandwidth scaling with Fast EtherChannel then Gigabit Ethernet
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DistributionLayer(NetFlowLAN Switching)
DistributionLayer(NetFlowLAN Switching)
Core LayerFast Ethernet/Fast EtherChannel
Core LayerFast Ethernet/Fast EtherChannel
. . .
Ethernet Core—Multiple VLANs
• Dual VLAN core for redundant paths
• Separation of Protocols possible
• Dual policies for security
VLAN 100VLAN 100 VLAN 200VLAN 200
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ATM Core Layer Considerations
. . .DistributionLayer NFLSDistributionLayer NFLS
ATM Core LayerATM Core Layer
OC-3OC-12 UplinksOC-3OC-12 Uplinks
EnterpriseServersEnterpriseServers
• LAN Emulation in the Core• Single or multiple ELANs• Wire speed Layer 3 into the core• Enterprise servers on Fast Ethernet
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ATM Core Redundancy
. . .DistributionLayer NFLSDistributionLayer NFLS
ATM Core LayerATM Core Layer
• Dual Phy uplinks for hot standby
• PNNI provides fast, scalable VC routing
• SSRP for LANE services redundancy
SSRP
PNNI
SSRPSSRP
SSRP
ATMFStandardClientDual Phy
SSRP
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Server Attachments
WorkgroupServers FE ISL NICSeveral VLANs
WorkgroupServers FE ISL NICSeveral VLANs
. . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . .
Local ServerSingle VLANLocal ServerSingle VLAN
Enterprise ServersSingle VLAN attachedL3/4 Connected to all VLANs
Enterprise ServersSingle VLAN attachedL3/4 Connected to all VLANs
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IP MulticastServersIP MulticastServers
Multicast CoreMulticast Core
UnicastServersUnicastServers
DistributionLayer NFLSDistributionLayer NFLS
Core LayerCore Layer
. . .
Multicast Design
• PIM for multicast tree creation at Layer 3
• CGMP for intelligent multicast at Layer 2
• No performance penalty for IP multicast
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Hierarchical L2/L3 Campus Design
• Hierarchical Layer 2/Layer 3 networks Scale well and are manageable
Solve real problems
• Layer 3 in the distribution layerFull Cisco IOS for multiprotocol with RSM
Scale Layer 3 IP with NetFlow LAN Switching
• Redundant fast converging core
• Ethernet and ATM Backbones will exist
• DHCP is the Tool for IP mobility