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+ Human Rights + Get a Job! + Travel and Tourism + About AIU

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My AIU MAgAzIneMy AIU MAgAzInecampusmundi Image: Cartography of the

Anthropocene Series, by Félix Pharand-Deschênes.

Félix is an anthropologist and data visualizer. He used US

government sources like the National Geospatial Intel-

ligence Agency and the Na-tional Oceanic for railways,

pipelines and roads as well as the Atmospheric Administra-tion for the air traffic to piece

together the visualisations.

Credit: Felix Pharand-Deschenes / SPL/

Barcroft Media

globalïa.org

DirectoryDr. Franklin Valcin

President / Academic Dean

Dr. José Mercado Chief Executive

Officer

Dr. Ricardo González Provost

Ricardo González Chief Financial

Officer

Jaime Rotlewicz Dean of Admissions

Text selectionRoberto Aldrett

DesignJanice Kelly

Campus Mundi My AIU MAgAzInE

year 2, # 16March 2015

www.aiu.edu

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with us?

We would love to hear about it!

Mailbox [email protected]

contents CampusGet a job!22 Top 10 companies hiring foreign workers

Be wise & have fun23 Open toys / Looper voice recorder / Quote from Samuel Beckett / 1o Thoughts on reading

programs at aIu24 Bachelor of Travel and Tourism

About usaIu: Who we are26 general information Accreditation The AIU difference Mission & Vision Organizational Structure27 School of Business and Economics School of Science and Engineering28 School of Social and Human Studies Online Library Resources29 Education on the 21st century AIU service

In touchaIu News4 notes 6 graduates of the month

student / advisor space7 Testimonials 8 Essay from a student11 Selective intuition, by AIU Advisor

LearningEducation + culture14 Move and learn / new Bookstore

science + Technology15 Maps of a new age

art + Design16 The Atlas of Beauty / Meet Elio

Body + mind + spirit17 Improve digestion/ Walking 4 brainpower18 Writing by hand / To the norse gods

Environment19 Rewritable paper / Before recycling Sunny Bangladesh

Human Rights + animal Rights20 Braille phone / Make peace with lions

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w w w . a i u . e d u • C a m p u s M u n d i • # 1 6 a t l a n t i c I n t e r n a t i o n a l u n i v e r s i t ya

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Congress news from the AECT A new Modern World

Three new articles

February 1, 2015. With over 1,200 attendees, AIU participated in the Interna-tional Congress of Education Enesmapo 4. At said congress called Horizons of Excellence for Contemporary Pedagogy, the magesterial conference The Reflective Teacher in Professionalism and Work-shop To Improve My Task in the Classroom were presented.

We appreciate Professor Angelica, Dr. Cirilo, Dr. Dario and all organizers as well as participants for sharing this extraordinary academic, social and human success generated.

The Association for Educational

Communications and Technology is a professional association of thousands of educators and others whose activities are directed toward improving instruction through technol-ogy. The Association has become a major organization for those actively involved in the designing of instruction and a systematic approach to learning.

Istanbul Symposium. Com-ing up May 27-29, 2015, in Istanbul, Turkey, is a not-to-be-missed conference oppor-tunity: IRSEM (International Research Symposium on E-Learning and new Media) and IETC (International Educa-tional Technology Conference). Don’t miss this important gath-ering of scholars and educators from around the world.

Shanghai Symposium. Plan to attend the AECT Interna-tional Research Symposium, “Learning and Knowledge Analytics in Open Education,” June 17-19, 2015, in Shanghai, China. Sponsored by AECT and Indiana State University and hosted by East China normal University.

Certificate Program Endorsement. Does your institution offer a specialized

certificate program? AECT has a procedure for endorsing certificate programs. The AECT endorsement can validate designated programs and may provide a competitive advan-tage to the sponsoring institu-tions. For more information, contact AECT Executive Direc-tor Phil Harris.

Video Highlights. Were you unable to attend the 2014 AECT International Conven-tion in Jacksonville, Florida, or did you miss some of the featured sessions? AECT re-corded nine featured sessions, including the keynote by Johannes Cronjé. now you can view them online.

Choose your division. If you have not yet done so, please join a Division of interest. Divisions help AECT members connect with others in their fields of endeavor. you may join one or more Divisions at no added cost as a benefit of your AECT membership.

For more information on each item, please visit www.aect.org

fIND MoRE NEwS fRoM AIU fAMIlylatest News: aiu.edu/news/original/index.html

News Archive: aiu.edu/pressroomnew.asp?pcid=63

from: Mark Katsonga PhiriSent: January 28, 2015To: AIU MagazineSubject: Campus Mundi My AIU Magazine

I have browsed through your Campus Mundi Magazine and found it very enjoyable.

It was exciting to read about my former State President Joyce Banda who happens to be my childhood friend and who I contested with in the Presidential elections of Ma-lawi last year.

Kind Regards

Mailbox

February 17, 2015. Following his recent article How We Can Alleviate The Global Poverty, our graduate Cheikh Mo Bachir Mbodj has published yet another article, titled A New Mod-ern World through Draft 2 Digital publishing as an e-book which he developed through AIU. His work can be viewed here: www.draft2digital.com/

January 27, 2015. Following his recent article ”New Media and a Demo-cratic Society”, our graduate Felix Ale has published yet another 3 articles through Grin publishing as e-books which he developed through AIU. They are the following: Political Rhetoric and Media www.grin.com/en/e-book/287587/political-rhetoric-and-mediaPress And The Constitution:

book/82205Cheikh has

completed a Doc-torate program in Business Admin-istration at Atlan-tic International University.

We are very proud of his achievements, and

we hope that he continues with this success, that is a byproduct of the effort and dedication that he has always shown.

Implications of the Changing Media Laws in United Stateswww.grin.com/en/e-book/287134/implications-of-the-changing-media-laws-in-united-statesScience and Environ-mental Journalism

www.grin.com/en/e-book/286909/science-and-environmental-journalism

Felix completed a Doctorate program in Journalism at AIU.

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Process AnalysisAssignment: Develop a 5-10 page essay based on the guide-lines below. Be sure to use MyAIU and its elements to compliment the article. Once you have your assignment ready, please submit it your student section or evaluation, and cre-ate a course named Process Analysis.Bibliography (include at end of essay): Anker, Susan. Real Essays with Readings with 2009 MLA Update: Writing Projects for College, Work, and Everyday Life. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.http://www.aiu.edu/online/etempl/fin/pdf/Real_Essays-Susan_Anker.pdf

This AIU assignment uses the book, Real Essays with Read-ings. The link to the book is given above. This book teaches how to write essays. you will read different parts of the book to understand how an essay is written. Then you will write a certain kind of essay. The kind of essay that this assignment asks for is the Process Analysis essay.First, read the following pages:o Chapter 1, pages 1 – 21. (Basics of writing & organizing your schedule)o Chapter 2, pages 36 – 41. (Moving from reading to writing)o Chapter 3, pages 48 – 52. (Understanding the structure of paragraphs & essays)

o Chapter 4, pages 62 – 73. (Developing your topic & pre-writing techniques)o Chapter 8, 110 – 124. (Writing a draft)o Chapter 21, 369 – 374. (List of works cited at the end of your essay, bibliography formats.)

Then you will read Chapter 13 on the essay of Process Analy-sis. Then you will write the essay using the knowledge cov-ered in the above readings. you can certainly read more chapters of the book. The book is a great reference for essay writing.

A Process Analysis essay de-scribes how something happens. For example, the essay might explain how a specific meal is prepared, or how a flat tire on a car is fixed. But you will explain something more complex re-lated to your major.

If your major is Finance, you could describe the procedure of how to invest in bonds & stocks.

If your major is Psychology, you could describe the protocol of counseling from the initial therapy session to the last session.

If your major is Environment Science, you could describe how air becomes polluted.

Each Process is described and analyzed in the essay.

Of course, your essay will have a cover page, an

introduction, and a conclusion. These are covered in the Chap-ter 8 reading. Remember also that essays are double-spaced for AIU.

you will also prepare a proper bibliography at the end of your essay. The reading from Chapter 21 shows how to do bibliography for many differ-ent types of sources. Make sure that you include an internet source in your bibliography (see page 372) Also include a bibli-ography entry for an interview, which could be even a conver-sation with another person. An interview entry is easy as you will see on page 374. (There are examples of correct bibliogra-phy on page 379.)

So read the pages noted above. Then choose a process related to your major. Then de-velop the essay to describe and analyze that process. Follow the Four Basics of Good Pro-cess Analysis on page 202. Use some common transitions on page 205. Then use the Writing Guide on pages 216 – 217 to help you. Check off the boxes as you complete each step of the essay.

The best general topic for this type of essay is… How to Write an Essay. This assignment teaches you how to write an es-say. Once you learn the process of writing an essay, essays become easy and fast. That is the goal of this assignment.

Call for Papers. This Conference will be held 19-20 October 2015 at the University of British Columbia-Robson Square in Vancouver, Canada. 2015 Special Focus: The Event of the Book. How might the digital re-energize the event of the the book? The 2015 meet-ing will focus on this pro-vocative subject. We welcome debate, discourse, and research from scholars and practitioners who engage these issues as well as other subjects related to discourse on books, publish-ing, and libraries.

The 2015 Book Conference coincides with the Vancouver Writers Festival.

Conference Themes

• Publishing Practices: Past, Present, and Future

• Reading, Writing, Literacy, and Learning

• Books and Libraries

Proposal Submissions and Deadlines

The current review period closing date for the latest round of submissions to the Call for Papers (a title and short abstract) is 3 March 2015*. Please visit our website for more information on sub-mitting your proposal, future deadlines, and registering for the conference.

If you are unable to at-tend the conference, you may still join the community and submit your article for peer re-view and possible publication, upload an online presentation, and enjoy subscriber access to The International Journal of The Book.*Proposals are reviewed in rounds adhering to monthly deadlines. Check the website often to see the current review round.

Visit the website:booksandpublishing.com

13TH InTERnATIOnAL COnFEREnCE On Books, Publishing, and Libraries

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Naseer SardariMaster of Business and econoMics

ManageMentafghanistan

Eduardo Katemo Sawendo MossoBachelor of econoMics

HuMan ResouRces ManageMent angola

Simão António AndréBachelor of huMan resources ManageMent

HuMan ResouRces ManageMentangola

Vera Ngu Epouse Sielatshomdoctor of Business adMinistration

Business adMinistRationcaMeroon

Fernando Alfredo Torres Cárdenasdoctor of science

Business adMinistRationchile

José Rigoberto Ríos Yepesdoctor of science

PuBlic adMinistRationcoloMBia

Martha Cecilia Ruiz NuñezBachelor of Business adMinistration

adMinistRation and FinancecoloMBia

Rafael Enrique Puyana GiraldoMaster of science

Business cReation and entRePReneuRsHiPcoloMBia

february 2015

Ruben Dario Baena Peñadoctor of Business adMinistration

MaRketingcoloMBia

Silverio González Camachodoctor of anthropologycultuRal antHRoPology

doMinican repuBlic

Arcentales Caicedo Julio CesarBachelor of science

PHysiotHeRaPyecuador

Peyroteo TeixeiraBachelor of science

industRial engineeRinggerMany

Iván Francisco Alegría de Leóndoctor of philosophy

PuBlic HealtHguateMala

Marvin Roberto Urbina FunesBachelor of financeinteRnational Finance

honduras

Paulo Alvarez ArayaMaster of Business adMinistration

Business adMinistRationhonduras

Samuel D. SlocumBachelor of science

inFoRMation tecHnologyliBeria

Ana Gabriela Quintero GutiérrezBachelor of science

PsycHologyMexico

Martha Olivia Trejo RomeroBachelor of arts

tHeologyMexico

Miguel Perez MartinezMaster of Marketing

MaRketingMexico

Felix Babatunde Abimbola Aledoctor of science

JouRnalisMnigeria

Onasanya Fredrick Yomidoctor of science

inFoRMation systeMsnigeria

Francisco Javier Torrijo EcharriBachelor of science

civil engineeRingspain

Francisco Martín Rodríguezdoctor of crisis ManageMent

HealtH sciencespain

Osman Ahmed Jama Master of Business adMinistration

MaRketingsoMalia

Hussein Chiumbi RashidMaster of education

educationtanzania

Helena R. de Jesus Queiros PombaresMaster of architecture

PRisons designunited kingdoM

Bernhard J. Leinerdoctor of philosophy

agRicultuRal engineeRingusa

Chibanda Ifwota EvansBachelor of Business adMinistration

Business adMinistRationzaMBia

Chibanda Ifwota EvansMaster of Business adMinistration

stRategic ManageMentzaMBia

Daniel MudzengerereMaster of science

accountingziMBaBwe

Erison H. S. Hurubadoctor of education

educational adMin. and Policy studiesziMBaBwe

MoRE AIU GRADUATESGallery: aiu.edu/graduation/grids/index.htmlVideo Interviews: aiu.edu/online/grad%20gallery/indexs.html

graduatesof the month

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Kialanda NsidiovovaMaster of Chemical Engineering December 28, 2014

“I was seeking for an opportunity to continue

my academic development and how to conciliate with my professional activities and area of study or research. I asked myself, what can I do to achieve this goal?

The response to my problem appeared while surfing on the internet: “AIU online Cam-pus”. I stopped by to fill out the form and I was contacted soon. I designed my curricula according my academic and professional development. There were times when I was ready to desist not for finan-cial reason but, for not having enough time to dedicate to my school due to my new job position.

The online learning system is a modern way to communi-cate and offered me a free way to work on my program. My life and professional expe-rience deep-seat my academic degree at AIU and provided huge opportunity to achieve excellence in my career. I’m always committed to earn a higher degree and contri-bute to the development of my country, specifically in a process of educating, teaching the acquired knowledge and

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Aigul KaldarbekovnaUisinbayevaMaster of Human Resources February 17, 2015

“I want to start my expe-rience letter with the

famous words of V. I. Lenin “Learn, learn and learn”. They are true for all of us and in all times. All our life we need to strive to get more knowl-edge to keep up with time, otherwise we don’t respect ourselves.

My job requires constant professional improvement, and that is why I had to search universities in Internet. When I found AIU, I liked it for its different approach to teach-ing and studying. Here I learnt about andragogy which at the beginning was a little not clear for me. But while creating my own curriculum, I evaluated it high because, unfortunately, my work takes much time and I need flexible timetable. Then I liked that everything concerning technologies is done to create convenient conditions for communication and working. For example, video presentations, library. The staff and faculty are very friendly and responsible that won my heart.

I want to say warm words of thanks to everybody who

design.” This book gave me an insight and inspired me great-ly as I developed my curricu-lum proposal for my courses. Leslie garrido, the admission secretary for facilitating my entry into the university and the AIU family. Mr. Edward Lambert for giving me encour-agement with my studies and finally Mr. Renata Silva for giving me guidelines on how best I should plan my studies. And because of these guide-lines I was able to successfully achieve my goals.

I will always keep on encouraging my friends and some family members to study at AIU. And I believe they will greatly appreciate the experi-ence I went through. I will mention here that andragogy still remains the best learning method that should be ad-opted by other learning insti-tutions throughout the world. I was also very encouraged by the flexibility in the learning calendar. It was not as tight as other learning calendars. The methods of payments of tuition fees were also very friendly –the whole package was learner friendly at AIU. I whole heartedly wish to thank the entire management of AIU which includes tutors and advisors.

professional experience. In conclusion, AIU acade-

mic program has offered me a modern technology to reach my goal which eventually will boost up my career and my expertise in job activities. AIU is a school which has suita-ble graduates and without hesitation, I recommend it to everybody who’s seeking to have the same education.”

James Mutanekelwa NamondaMaster of Water Engineering December 21, 2014

“My learning experi-ence with AIU is one

that I will never forget in my life and I will always cherish. This qualification that I have obtained from the university has opened a new chapter in my life. This indeed has been a life changing experience and it will always remain my pride and indeed the pride of my family especially my children.

There were times when I was almost giving up but the tutors were always there for me encouraging me to go on. They gave me the strength to soldier on. I wish to extend my gratitude to some members of AIU, Dr. Franklin Valcin for his book “Curriculum and Course

helped me, for their patience and advice. And I recommend others to choose AIU for its quality and chance in getting excellent education.”

Kaoxiong SongzachengMaster of Environmental Engineering February 1, 2015

“Thank you so much all of my Advisors, Tutors at

AIU and especially thank you Ms. Amalia Esquivel, admis-sion counselor first one who contacted me and gave me the way to be part of AIU.

My big dream was a Master Degree in Environmental Engineering and it has been achieved successfully at AIU, during one year and two months. When I started studying at AIU a half year could change my knowledge, skill and experience. I got a new job as an Environmental Compliance Section Leader position at the Xepian-Xen-amnoy Hydroelectric Power Company Limited (PnPC) and could develop my life and my family better.

I believe AIU is the best University of modern distance learning in the world, it can support education for students around the world. I am so pleased studying at AIU that I will soon start my PhD.”

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History of moneyspecific amount of salt. There is no common unit of value among the commodities.

• Lack of system for future payments or contractual payments. For instance the in-dividual with a cow cannot tell the one with salt to pay later when collecting the salt. Both need the commodity at the point of double coincidence. Henceforth in barter system there is no possibility for fu-ture or contractual payments.

• Lack of system for storage of value. Most often than not, people store their wealth in monetary economy in form of money. Contrary to barter system, it is not easy to store value of one commodity into another. Even if it is pos-sible, storing wealth in terms of goods is subject to cost of storage, loss of value or even impossible for perishable goods. Storage of value is an-other cumbersome drawback of barter system.

Glyn talked about the above disadvantages and referred to them: “disadvantages of barter provided an impetus for development of money”. Henceforth the need for com-modities that have high value densities, easily portable, and of durability are to be set apart and eventually used as money. The disadvantages called for the emergence of money which started with

other commodities. Simply put, the nature made things in a way that it is difficult or hard for a person to possess everything that he/she wants or needs. In today’s world, even millionaires don’t have everything they want and need. In the ancient period, to resolve the issue of lack of omni possession of human be-ings, the society came up with barter trade. For example if I have a cow and I need salt and sugar, I can exchange my cow with someone who have them. This typically depicts barter system. This trade went on in

primitive societies for a long period. But barter trade is still on in some societies around the globe.

The barter has been used to sort out the issue of lack of omni possession of mankind. It has been social reasons rather than economic purpose. Meanwhile barter trade has the following disadvantages that made it to give birth to primitive forms of money. Glyn discussed drawbacks of the barter system which gave birth to money.

• Difficulties of double coincidence of wants. One of the hiccups of the above sys-tem is that it is very difficult to have double coincidences of wants. For instance someone who has cows and needs salt will have to go around looking for the person with salt who may need cow meat at the same time. Most of the time it is not as easy.

• Lack of common unit of value. Even if the cow person gets the salt person, the other difficulty is how to value a specific amount of cow with a

By Claude Dotse Kodzo Sokpor | Doctorate Degree in Finance | Full text: www.aiu.edu/applications/DocumentLibraryManager/upload/CLAUDE%20DOC.pdf

The historical accounts of this paper on money are

to show how step by step and age by age money came to be. These accounts will immense-ly borrow from Glyn Davies’ book ‘History of money’.

Humanity has always looked far away for trading with each other. In the very old age, trade grew tremen-dously. According to Davies, the main way is change commodities with commodi-ties. This type of exchange is called barter trade. Before going to the discussion of barter trade, let us see what

is the dictionary definition of barter trade. Oxford Ad-vanced Learner’s Dictionary, 7th edition defines it as follow in a verb form: ‘Barter is to exchange goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using money: The local people bartered wheat for tools. The prisoners tried to barter with the guards for items like writing paper and books.’

Close review of the above dictionary definition and Davies book on History of money, barter trade is ex-changing commodities with

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another, but gold and silver proved to have great advan-tages. They were precious because their supplies were relatively limited, and they were in constant demand by the wealthy for ornament and decoration. Hence these met-als tended to have high and stable prices. Further, they were easily recognised, they were divisible into extremely small units, and they did not easily wear out. Thus precious metals came to circulate as money and to be used in many transactions.” These metals were used as medium of ex-change. Lipsey discussed that in every transaction, it was important to carry the metal in bulk. At any purchase the required quantity of metal was carefully weighed on a scale. This gave birth to coin in order to eliminate the need to weigh at every point of transaction the bulk carried metals.

The invention of coins

In his book Glyn said that coins have been invented and carried by monarch author-ity. This authority was that monarch made the coins and affix his or her seal henceforth guaranteeing the amount of precious metal the coin contained. This has easy trade and traders gotten a big relief for they know, recognise and accept the coin at its face

value which is nothing more than a statement mostly the monarch seal that a certain amount of metal was con-tained therein. According to Lipsey, the monarch coins were easily subject to counter-feit which is done by his or her subjects by minting the metal and supplying low value coin with low intrinsic worth and henceforth not convenient for expensive purchase. In his book, Glyn said that the first coins have been minted some time in 640-630 BC and its usage spread quickly to Ionia, mainland greece, and Persia.

Tt is of important value to mention the consequences of fraudulent minting of the coins by the monarch subjects.

The subjects take the origi-nal coins then remint them into new coins with lower me-tallic value. This exercise has been referred to by Lipsey as debas-ing of coinage by rulers who in turn use it to pay their bill hence-forth lead-ing to the increase in the commodity price. This issue brought in Gresham’s Law which is named after Sir Thomas Gresham (1519-1579), an adviser to the Queen

Elizabeth court. He stated that “bad money drives out good.” The idea behind Gresham statement was that debased coins have been minted with low amount of gold while the original coins have higher amount of gold. The debase-ment was that monarch subjects remint the coins by reducing the gold value. When Queen Elizabeth I came to power in the middle of the sixteenth century the coinage has been severely debased and new coins have been minted with their full face value in gold. The new coins were fed into circulation but disappeared in the next few days. Gresham came up with this law and proved helpful in explaining the experience of a number of modern high infla-tion economies today. Briefly put it, coins with high amount

of gold are easily de-based in order to

keep part of the gold quantity and putting a tiny value of it henceforth altering the

face value. Therefore more

debased coins are needed to purchase a

commodity. As today during inflation more unit of money is needed to purchase the

the primitive forms of money will be discussed in the next paragraph.

Primitive forms of money

Glyn said that due to the disadvantages of barter sys-tem and in order to improve the form of early barter, few commodities, one or two (with some specific characteristics such high value, easily por-table with high durability) in preference to others have been chosen to act as single medi-um of exchange. At this stage, they have not been called as money but the author referred to them as primitive forms of money. Davies gave an alpha-betical list of primitive money which have been used at dif-ferent times in different places in the history of the world;

below is the list. “Amber, beads, cowries, drums, eggs, feathers, gongs, hoes, ivory, jade, kettles, leather, mats, nails, oxen, pigs, quart, rice, salt, thimbles, umiacs, vodka, wampum, yarns, and zappo-zats (decorated axes).”

These above commodities have served as medium of exchange and managed to rule out the disadvantages of bar-ter trade. From these primitive forms of money, mankind continued to search for ways and technology to improve and resolve the puzzle of a single medium of exchange that can meet all the functions of the modern money.

In his book Economics, Lipsey says that: “All sorts of commodities have been used as money at one time or

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amount of gold, he will issue a receipt containing the amount of ounces of gold deposited. At the very period gold is used for purchasing and paying debts. Any time someone wanted to pay for a good or services, he/she will go to the goldsmith and get the amount needed by presenting his/her receipt. In the process there was bet-ter revelation to people that if actually one does not need the gold at the selling of a commodity, instead of taking to the goldsmith for keeping,

the buyer rather issue part of the goldsmith receipt on the amount of ounce of gold need-ed for the transaction. In the process people started having confidence in the goldsmiths. Lipsey put it very well and I quote “If the seller wished to buy a good from a third party, who also knew the goldsmith to be reliable, this transac-tion could also be effected by passing the goldsmith’s receipt from the buyer to the seller. The convenience of using pieces of paper instead of gold should be obvious.”

On the above note, the pieces of paper have been very common in transacting busi-nesses. It has become a prom-ise to pay a specific amount of gold on demand. Lipsey continues, “… the promise was made by goldsmiths and later by banks.”

According to Lipsey, in the nineteenth century, paper money which is backed by precious metal, was issued by

private banks and was called bank notes nominally convert-ible into gold (fractional backed money). During this time each bank issues its own money and various paper moneys issued by them circulated side by side and all backed with the amount of gold.

Later on, goldsmiths and banks discovered that for ev-ery ounce circulating as paper money can be used solely for various transactions of any kinds without any need for the desire of converting them into gold. For that reason the banks were able to issue paper money more than redeem-able in gold. This led to some banks to honour their pledges prompting them into consid-ering their note as mere paper that is useless then prompting them to be ruined with panic from their customers and henceforth suddenly run on their gold reserves. Sorting out this situation gave raise to fiat money.

same amount of commodity. This shows the intrinsic high value of precious metal in the process of the birth and the value of money; value which is correlated to paper money and the quantity of gold kept in the goldsmith’s safe.

Paper money and early emerging of banking

The birth of money started with useful and precious natural commodities, then to coinage minted by precious metals such as gold and silver.

gold has been the measure of value of the minted coins.

Above all the paper money has its origin linked to gold standard. Lipsey in his book Economics page 580-581 gives a very clear historical account of paper money. The story of the birth of paper started with the goldsmith who stores ounces of gold in his safe. He uses safe to store the precious metal for safety reason. In the process people started keeping their gold with the goldsmith’s safe. Upon the deposit of an

Publications by Students: aiu.edu/StudentPublication.html

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Selective intuitionin the face of fact overwhelm

By Dr. Rosa Hilda Lora M. / Advisor at Atlantic International University

We feel overwhelmed by everything that we

have or should read and we don’t realize that we are part of those who are privileged under the current organi-zation of human beings of belonging to the knowledge society, the globalized world and globalization culture.

Bindé says: “A world in which less than 10% of human beings have access to new sources of knowledge and 90% is excluded, is a structur-ally precarious world”. Bindé (2006, p. 143).

We are in the knowledge society, globalization of trade and the globalization of culture.

The knowledge society are the changes that digital technology has resulted in the creation, development and application of knowledge; those are the languages we use to transmit it, the organi-zation by levels of abstraction, much to handle and means to spread it. Toffler and Toffler (2006).

This is necessary to de-velop a society that global-izes the economy because it needs the means to create Im

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more needs and to expand production.

global society or global marketing is the digitization of the economy. Opalin Chimiel-niska (2008).

Cultural globalization is part of trade globalization or globalization: it involves technical, market, tourism and information, leaving out hu-man rights, freedoms, culture in the anthropological sense and democracy, which belong to universality. Bindé (2006).

The word culture was invented by Cicero with a humanistic sense, considering the philosophy as the culture of the soul; the second mean-ing is german and comes from Kant who used it as a process that is acquired in a society and in anthropological sense; and the third as a commodity since cultural objects referred to humans become marketed. Bindé (2006).

What is globalized are the objects produced by humans with the aim of making overall culture in the anthropologi-cal sense, to generate trading needs to include all human beings to develop market globalization.

universities that have research dissemination of their teach-ers, look for who are their researchers who seek areas of science we need, and also who are part of other sciences, as being in the

As we belong to the knowl-edge society we have not questioned the way we look for the same; if we apply the same techniques with which it occurs now or if we keep what we call capitalist model of the industrial society.

First we have to make the difference between data, infor-mation and knowledge.

Data corresponds to ele-ments lacking the foundation of its elements; information is explanation without theoreti-cal justification and knowl-edge is grounded and tested explanation with different forms of existing methods in science.

From this we can infer that if we need knowledge what we have to do is: differenti-ate knowledge from data and information; identify those who are working in knowledge of both our area and akin and generate transdiscipline, and know the scientific work of the other science areas.

We have to apply the stor-age of this knowledge society: digitally store with identifi-able files.

We also need to learn to use the Web: search for

next: generate introduc-tion and conclusion and give a reading to the finished product to check correct writing.

We must also get used to mark the parts that are of interest when we read a scien-tific paper, because when we have to do a job we will have important points according to our world needs and thought.

With the technique de-scribed we save working long because we tend to read the full sources, which are often worked with a different goal than ours; reread to see what

we need and finish the job and then develop the bibliography.

If we read something scientific we don’t mark what we think of our interest and when we do a job we have to read again.

Along with our use of knowledge, whose advantage is it is not wasted as others use it, we have to think that only 10% of the world population has that gift, knowledge, and we must produce according to generate a fairer society where more people have this oppor-tunity and benefit.

BIBLIOGRAPHy. Bindé, J. (2006). ¿Hacia dónde van los valores? Coloquios del siglo XXI. México: F.C.E.Opalín Chmielniska, L. (2008). ¿Globalización de la Crisis o Crisis de la glo-balización? México: Porrúa.Toffler, A. y H. Toffler. (2006). La Revolución de la Riqueza. México: Ran-dom House Mondadori.

DEVEloPMENT of A RESEARCH PAPER oR SCIENTIfIC TRIAl

research world.If we need to write, what we

have to learn is how to manage in the digital world: choose sources, either printed books or journals or e-books; search the index of these works; see the articles we need reviewing and as we review them, develop the quotations immediately and digitally; so we do this with works of the best in the area of knowledge we need. After writing all our references and along with them the biblio-graphic record, begin docu-ment structure by establishing the growing complexity of everything worked, references, and finally give the appropriate explanation reference by refer-ence to generate the report or document we want.

• Cover• Introduction (What I am doing, how and with what)

• Quotation and explanation• Quotation and explanation

• Conclusion (What we demonstrated)• References (Research sources)

Introductorand topics

Theory and proofs

Final elements

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Find AIU open learning initiative at courses.aiu.edu

Cărtureşti Carusel, also called “The Carousel of Light”, is a monumental XIX century edifice

that was transformed into a wonderful architectural jewel. It is located at the very heart of Bucharest, on a long vibrant street, in an area with coffee shops and pubs. Surrounded by bohemian, traditional and luxury clothing stores, this bookstore will surely blend in with its innovative and elegant style.

The bookstore has 6 floors, where you can find over 10,000 books, 5,000 albums and DVDs. There is a bistro on the top floor, a multimedia space in the basement and a gallery dedicated to modern art on the first floor. This space will also host numerous cultural events and concerts. Source: www.boredpanda.com

The Centers for Disease Control tells us that in recent years there has been a jump in the per-

centage of young people diagnosed with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, commonly known as ADHD: 7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11% in 2011. The reasons for the rise are multiple, and include changes in diagnostic criteria, medication treat-ment and more awareness of the condition. Angela Hanscom, a pediatric occupational therapist and the founder of Timbernook, a nature-based development program designed to foster creativity and independent play outdoors in new England, suggests yet another reason more children are being diagnosed with ADHD, whether or not they really have it: the amount of time kids are forced to sit while they are in school.

Children are constantly in an upright position these days. It is rare to find children rolling down hills, climbing trees, and spinning in circles just for fun. Merry-go-rounds and teeter-totters are a thing of the past. Recess times have shortened due to increas-ing educational demands, and children rarely play outdoors due to parental fears, liability issues, and the hectic schedules of modern-day society. Lets face it: Children are not nearly moving enough, and it is really starting to become a problem. Read more at:TimberNook blog www.balancedandbarefoot.com

New bookstore

Move and learn

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Maps of a New Age

Learn more about science at MyAIU Evolution

The Anthropocene. We’re already there. This is our time, our creation, our challenge. Officially,

this epoch does not exist. yet. It may be added permanently to the geologic time scale in 2016. It is the International Commission on Stratigraphy that determines the denomination and the calibration of different divisions and subdivisions of geological time, which date back to the formation of the Earth, 4.6 billion years ago. Unofficially however, the term is used more frequently in the scientific literature and, more recently, in publications dedicated to the general public.

So, might you ask, what is the Anthropocene? First, the etymology. The Ancient greek anthropos means “human being” while kainos means “new, current.” The Anthropocene would thus be best defined as the new human-dominated period of the Earth’s history.

The term was proposed in 2000 by Paul J. Crut-zen, nobel Prize in 1995 for his work on atmospheric chemistry and his research on stratospheric ozone depletion (the so-called “hole”), and by Eugene F.

Stoermer in a publica-tion (p. 17) of the Inter-national Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. But the concept itself, the idea that human activity affects the Earth to the point where it can cross a new age, is not new and dates back to the late nineteenth century. Different terms were proposed over the decades, such as An-thropozoic (Stoppani, 1873), Noosphere (de Chardin, 1922; Verna-dsky, 1936), Eremo-zoic (Wilson, 1992), and Anthrocene (Revkin, 1992). It seems that the

dominance of Homo sapiens on the other hominids. The Holocene (11.7 ka until about 1800 AD) was a

time comparatively smoother in terms of climate variability. At the end of the last Ice Age, 12,000 years ago, a more stable climate regime settled on Earth. The ice gave way to temperate climates, and already, humans were present on all continents. It took a few thousand years for agriculture (domestication of land by humans for food mainly) to take off in the Fertile Crescent and elsewhere in Africa, China, new guinea and South America. Thus went human progress, man-aging with success to feed ever more humans.

We are officially still in the Holocene. In fact, we are in the Phanerozoic Eon, Cenozoic era, Quaternary pe-riod and Holocene epoch. But now, the Earth’s system does not seem to behave the same way as, say, at the time of Hesiod, Dante or Cervantes. The Earth of the 21st century is warming, overcrowded, partly defor-ested, and more toxic and interconnected than ever. The comforting envelope of the Holocene, which has fostered the birth of civilizations, is now punctured.

We collectively rolled over into a new era, which includes its stakes and challenges but also its oppor-tunities and great qualities. This page (globalia.org) is dedicated to exploring this new world in a visual way.

Here is the definition more or less impressionistic we propose for the Anthropocene: “A period marked by a regime change in the activity of industrial societ-ies which began at the turn of the nineteenth century and which has caused global disruptions in the Earth System on a scale unprecedented in human history: climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution of the sea, land and air, resources depredation, land cover denu-dation, radical transformation of the ecumene, among others. These changes command a major realignment of our consciousness and worldviews, and call for dif-ferent ways to inhabit the Earth.”

To purchase one of Félix Pharand-Deschênes pictures, visit: www.sciencephoto.com

Learn more at: globaia.org/portfolio/cartography-of-the-anthropocene/#sthash.q2dPWZXr.dpuf

success of the term chosen by Crutzen and Stoermer is due to the luck of having been made at the ap-propriate time, when humankind became more than ever aware of the extent of its impact on global envi-ronment. It should be noted that Edward O. Wilson (who suggested Eremozoic, “the age of loneliness”) popularized the terms “biodiversity” and “biophilia.”

Technically, the Anthropocene is the most recent period of the Quaternary, succeding to the Holocene. The Quaternary is a period of the Earth’s history characterized by numerous and cyclical glaciations, starting 2,588,000 years ago (2.588 Ma). The Quater-nary is divided into three epochs: the Pleistocene, the Holocene, and now the Anthropocene.

The Pleistocene (2.588 Ma to 11.7 Ka) was a tumul-tuous era, during which more than eleven major glaciations occurred. Furthermore, the Pleistocene is also the time of early humans, the exit of our ances-tors from Africa, the invention of the first tools, the evolution of bipedalism, the invention of graphic arts, cultural and linguistic refinements, and the

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The Atlas of Beauty

Meet Elio

Get support for your own projects from all over the world at MyAIU Research

The Elio is pretty small at only 160 inches long with a 110 inch wheelbase. But even though it is small

on the outside, Elio Motors says that the car has been designed to fit 95% of all men.”The tallest person we have had in the Elio is a 6’8’’ former college basketball player, the largest is a 6’3’’ 325 lb man.” The Elio has room for two passengers that sit in tandem, which means that the passenger sits right behind the driver. Elio Motors also says that the Elio is safe with a Safety Management System that includes three airbags –a reinforced roll-cage frame, anti-lock braking system, and 50% larger crush zones than similar vehicles.

Because of the Elio’s small size, the company was able to achieve a high fuel economy rating without the use of an electric motor or hybrid powertrain. Instead the Elio is powered by a three-cylinder 1.0L engine that generates 70 horsepower. The Elio is rated at 84 mpg on the highway and 49 mpg in the city. Thanks to its eight gallon fuel tank, the Elio can travel up to 672 miles on a single tank of gas. It can also reach speeds over 100 mph, and 0-60 mph in under 9.6 seconds.

When the Elio goes on sale it will be built in Shreveport, LA beginning in the spring of 2015 with a starting price of only $6,800. Source: Marc Carter. inhabitat.com

Mihaela Noroc is a photog-rapher from Romania that

quit her job and started a new life. She took her backpack, her camera and began to travel around the globe, photographing hundreds of natural women surrounded by their culture.

Traveling on a very low budget around 37 countries made her integrated in all kinds of envi-ronments. now she can say that beauty is everywhere, and it’s not a matter of cosmetics or sizes but more about being yourself. “The Atlas Of Beauty” is a mirror of our diverse societies and an inspira-tion for people that try to remain authentic. Source: theatlasofbeauty.com

El Paico, Chile Mawlamyine, Myanmar

Omo Valley, Ethiopia Tibetan Plateau, China

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Be responsible of your body, mind and soul. Eat healthy, excercise, read a lot and visit MyAIU Body / MyAIU Mind / MyAIU Library.

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It used to be thought that the brain was hardwired and that, unlike other organs, it could not repair itself or restore lost func-

tions once damaged or diseased. now we know that, in fact, the brain is neuroplastic –that activity and mental experience can be used to change the structure of the connections within it. These new principles are being used to radically improve, and even sometimes cure, some brain problems that were previously seen as irreversible –and some of them can also be used in everyday life to improve our brain’s health and performance. Here is one thing to try: Walk two miles a day.

Regular exercise, such as walking, has been shown to be a key factor in reducing the risk of dementia by 60%. One reason may be that when animals go on very long walks it is usually to seek out a new, unexplored territory in which to live –because they are flee-ing a predator, or because food has run out where they live. The brain, in anticipation of the fact that the animal is going to have to learn a lot about this new territory, releases growth factors, which act like growth-promoting fertiliser in the brain, allowing it to build connections between cells more easily as it learns.

Steady walking has the same effect on us, putting our brains in a more neuroplastic state. Brutal exercise is not needed: the amount required to contribute to a lower risk of dementia is walk-ing two miles, or cycling 10 miles, five days a week.Source: www.theguardian.com

Improve your digestionRaspberries. Just 1 cup of raspberries contains 8g of fiber, which is about 1/3 of the fiber most of us need for an entire day. They’re also lower sugar than most other fruits –great for those watching their blood sugars.Apples. Having a healthy digestive tract is imperative for our overall health, it’s how our bodies absorb and utilize all those amazing nu-trients we consume. Apples contain a unique type of fiber called pectin, which has been shown to help im-prove digestion because of it’s soluble nature and ability to bind to cholesterol and remove it when we use the bathroom.Chia seeds contain a unique blend of fibers, mainly coming from soluble fiber which is the type that loves water and soaks it up like a sponge. Chia seeds are not only great sources of fiber to keep you full, your diges-tion moving along, but also contain omega-3 fatty acids and protein.Prunes are simply dried plums. One of the most well known digestive friendly fruits out there due to their

natural laxative effect on the body. Interestingly prunes contain a compound called dihydroxyphenyl isatin which helps stimulate the intestines to contract and move. Prunes contain a great amount of both soluble and insoluble fibers which helps the body rid it of waste, add bulk to the stool, and move it along. They also contain sorbitol, which loves water and will take any water it can get and push it in the digestive tract making it easier and softer to pass. To top it off, prunes contain loads of minerals especially magnesium which again, helps overall digestion because magnesium relaxes smooth muscles (i.e. the digestive tract muscles).Avocados. Even though must of us think of avocados as being a healthy fat, which they are, they’re technically a fruit. Avocados contain a great amount of fiber as well as healthy fats to keep our digestion moving along and lubricated. Try these in salads, sandwiches and guacamole.Source: Text by McKel Hill. www.ourbodybook.com

Walking for brainpower

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Writing by hand1. It’s better for learning. One of the most effective ways to study and retain new informa-tion is to rewrite your notes by hand. That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates a part of the brain called the Reticu-lar Activating System, or the RAS. According to Lifehacker, “The RAS acts as a filter for everything your brain needs to process, giving more impor-tance to the stuff that you’re actively focusing on that moment —something that the physical act of writing brings to the forefront.”

2. It makes you a better writer. Many famous authors opt for the meticulousness of writ-ing by hand over the utility of a typewriter or computer. In a 1995 interview with the Paris Review, writer Susan Sontag said that she penned her first drafts the analog way before

typing them up for editing later. novelist Truman Capote insisted on a similar process, although his involved lying down with a coffee and ciga-rette nearby. A 2009 study from the University of Washington seems to support Sontag, Capote, and many other writers’ preference for writing by hand: Elementary school students who wrote essays with a pen not only wrote more than their keyboard-tapping peers, but they also wrote faster and in more complete sentences.

3. It will prevent you from being distracted. The com-puter in front of you is a time-sucking portal to puppy videos and ex-boyfriend/girl-friend stalking. Of course, the internet isn’t all bad. In 2012, neuroscientists even suggested that taking five-minute breaks to browse Tumblr or BuzzFeed

could make you a more pro-ductive worker. On the other hand, when it’s time to work on that dissertation, there’s something to be said for the elegant simplicity of having only a pen and paper in front of you. Try writing with laser-like focus for short 20-minute stretches at a time.

4. It keeps your brain sharp as you get older. Writing longhand is a workout. no, not necessarily for your wrist, but for your brain. According to The Wall Street Journal, some physicians claim that the act of writing —which engages your motor-skills, memory, and more— is good cognitive exercise for people who want to keep their minds sharp as they age. And if you’re looking to pick up a new skill, a 2008 study pub-lished in the Journal of Cog-nitive Neuroscience found that adults had an easier time recognizing new characters —like Chinese, math symbols, or music notes— that were written by hand over charac-ters generated by a computer.

Source: Text by Chris Gayomali mentalfloss.com Image: communitytable.com

For the first time since the age of the Vikings, Icelanders will be able to publicly worship at the altar of Thor (or any other

norse god they choose). This month, construction begins on a temple dedicated solely to the norse gods, where neo-pagans can celebrate ancient rituals, perform marriages and lay people to rest under the watchful eye of Odin. It’s the first temple of its kind in Iceland for at least 1,000 years, when norse gods last dominated the religious scene.

norse paganism gave way to Christianity in the 11th century, but in recent years, a new sort of paganism has rapidly gaining popularity. The Ásatrúarfélagið, an association that fosters faith in norse gods, has seen its membership triple in the past ten years. These modern pagans practice an altered form of worship then that of 1,000 years ago, which no longer includes things like animal sacrifices.

According to Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson, high priest of Ásatrúar-félagið, the pagan stories of old are seen as more of a metaphor for the forces of nature and humanity. “I don’t believe anyone believes in a one-eyed man who is riding about on a horse with eight feet,” said Hilmarsson.

The temple itself will be a circular shape with a dome on top to let in sunlight, which will alter the look of the interior of the build-ing as the sunlight changes throughout the seasons. The structure will be dug 13 feet down into a hillside, overlooking the country’s capital Reykjavik. Source: inhabitat.com www.theguardian.com

Image: Ásatrúarfélagið, Shutterstock

To the Norse Gods

If you are interested in a spiritual path, visit MyAIU Spirit

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Find open courses at MyAIU Human Knowledge

According to some surveys, 90 percent of all infor-mation in businesses today is retained on paper,

even though the bulk of this printed paper is discarded after just one-time use. Such waste of paper (and ink cartridges)—not to mention the accompanying envi-ronmental problems such as deforestation and chemi-cal pollution to air, water and land—could be curtailed if the paper were “rewritable,” that is, capable of being written on and erased multiple times.

Chemists at the University of California, Riverside have now fabricated in the lab just such novel rewrit-able paper, one that is based on the color switching property of commercial chemicals called redox dyes. The dye forms the imaging layer of the paper. Printing is achieved by using ultraviolet light to photobleach the dye, except the portions that constitute the text on the paper. The new rewritable paper can be erased and written on more than 20 times with no significant loss in contrast or resolution.

“This rewritable paper does not require additional inks for printing, making it both economically and environmentally viable,” said yadong yin, a professor of chemistry, whose lab led the research. “It represents an attractive alternative to regular paper in meeting the increasing global needs for sustainability and environ-mental conservation.”

Learn more at: ucrtoday.ucr.edu/26007

Rewritable paper Sunny BangladeshThe Bangladeshi government wants every house-

hold in the nation to be solar powered by 2021. They hope to achieve this goal by focusing on what they call solar home systems (SHS)which are pro-vided by the government to homes that do not have access to the main power grid.

In a colossal project partially funded by the World Bank, the Bangladeshi government is making a major push forward to bring solar power to each and every home in the country. Because so many Ban-gledeshi residents live without access to the main power grid, this project helps bring light where there was previously darkness. Even those who are con-nected to the grid do not have consistent access to power, as the power grid is well known for frequently blackouts. The reliability of solar power in a country with such fair weather is a huge step up.

Currently, some 15 million homes are powered completely by solar energy in Bangladesh. Each month, a SHS is installed in 50,000-60,000 new households.

The government plans to generate 220 megawatts of electricity for around 6 million households by 2017 through the SHS program. Each system uses a solar panel installed on the roof of an individual home, and a 250-watt panel can produce up to 1 kilowatt of power a day, enough to make a major impact in the lives of Bangladeshi residents. Source: in.reuters.com

“Reduce, reuse, recycle”. They’re ranked in order of importance, so there are several steps

we should consider before recycling. Reducing the amount that we consume, and shifting our consump-tion to well-designed products and services, is the first step. Finding constructive uses for “waste” materials is next. If it’s broken, fix it don’t replace it! If you can, return it to the producer (especially electronics). Or better yet –don’t by any packaged goods! Tossing it in the bin should be last. A good example of recycling is setting your empty water bottles in the bin on the curb. But by using a water filter and reusable container you can reduce or completely eliminate your need for disposable plastic bottles.

Whenever you purchase something packaged, think about how you can reuse the packaging, return it to a shipping store for reuse, or try to otherwise recycle it. If you get something likely to run down or wear out over time, such as an electronic component, give preference to the model that can be easily upgraded or cannibalized for parts so that you don’t have to junk the whole thing if one part breaks. Products that are impossibly fused together are often called “mon-strous hybrids” and are, while often cheaper up front, frequently unfixable and unrecyclable.Source: www.treehugger.com

Before recycling

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Help those who want to study. Visit MyAIU Pledge Support people or animals in your community. Visit MyAIU Human Rights.

Make peace with lionsyoung man

Richard Turere invented “lion

lights,” an elegant way to

protect his fam-ily’s cattle from

lion attacks.

In the Maasai com-munity where Richard

Turere lives with his fam-ily, cattle are all-impor-tant. But lion attacks were growing more frequent.

full of rhino, giraffe, buffalo and lions. Since he was 9, Richard has held the honored chore of tending his father’s cattle; in his free time, he tinkered with elec-trical gadgets. After dismantling the few household appliances, Richard taught himself how to fix them, and then he started inventing. He fit his parents’ home with fans made from car parts and other junk-yard components harvested from junkyards, then built other inventions for his neighbors.

now 13, he is renowned for inventing “lion lights,” a fence made of basic pieces (solar charging cells, flashlight parts), which quickly and effectively scares lions away from his father’s cattle. Richard’s dream is to be an aircraft engineer.

Read more on Cnn.comWatch the Ted Talk at www.ted.com/talks/

richard_turere_a_peace_treaty_with_the_lions?language=en

DrawBraille Mobile Phone is one of the most com-pelling concepts that focus on making mobile

phones easy-to-use for the blind. The entire UI and input keys are in Braille and even the touch panel reflects this system. The design and approach have a surreal finish to it and we are quite sure that Shikun Sun is on to something big with this!

The DrawBraille Mobile Phone has two main pieces. The first is comprised of 35 braille buttons in five rows. Since the main keyboard cannot hold the entire braille text, there are also raised “scroll up” and “scroll down” buttons for more options. The second piece is similar to the touch screen on many smart phones, but with a unique raised surface for information input. The user can tap and drag and even create their own shortcuts and words through a combination of commands.

The phone’s battery life can be measured on its side, with 5 raised dots each representing 20% of its juice that retract once their percentage is used up. There is no news on the production of this super smart braille phone but the concept alone is getting lots of atten-tion. Source: www.yankodesign.com inhabitat.com

Braille phone

In this TED’s short, inspiring talk, the young inven-tor shares the solar-powered solution he designed to safely scare the lions away.

This young Maasai man lives in the wilderness of the Kenya savanna, on the edge of a national park

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Following are the top 10 importers of knowledge workers, as ranked

by MyVisaJobs.com. Data comes from the U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Census Bureau and is for 2012. Data includes the number of labor condition applications filed for H-1B visas, and av-erage salary paid to those workers. Here goes, in descending order.Source & images: www.forbes.com

No. 10: Mahindra SatyamWith offices worldwide, including 8

in the United States, Mahindra spon-sored 2,310 foreign workers and paid them an average salary of $70,495.

No. 9: Ernst & youngyou might think of Ernst & young

as just a U.S. company, but it has three offices in Kerala, India alone. They sponsored 2,316 H-1B workers last year and paid them an average of $86,428.

No. 8: AccentureAccenture is headquartered in Dub-

lin, Ireland. But this screen shot is from one of their buildings in India. They sponsored 2,653 foreign workers in 2012 and paid an average salary of $72,704.

No. 7: l&T InfotechL&T Infotech’s offices in Bangalore,

India. They sponsored 3,253 workers and paid them an average salary of $59,241.

No. 6: MicrosoftMicrosoft’s Bill Gates has been a big

proponent of increasing the number of allowable visas for foreign workers in the U.S. MSFT hired 4,067 workers on temporary H-1Bs last year and paid an average salary of $109,566.

No. 5: Deloitte ConsultingDeloitte sponsored 4,735 people

in 2012 and paid them an average of $98,305.

No. 4: IBMIBM brought in 6,190 high skilled

immigrant workers last year and paid $82,630 on average.

No. 3: Tata ConsultancyIndia’s Tata Consultancy Services

sponsored 6,732 foreign workers and paid them an average salary of $64,350.

No. 2: wiproWipro from India brought 7,178 work-

ers to the U.S. last year and paid them around $76,920.

No. 1: InfosysInfosys, aka Infy, was far and away

the biggest sponsor of foreign skilled workers. They brought in around 15,800 workers on H-1B visas last year, paying an average salary of $75,062, according to MyVisaJobs.com.

Learn how to have a better financial control. Visit MyAIU Money

Top 10 companies hiring foreign workers

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Share your creative ideas with the world at MyAIU Knowledge

open Toys. Play with your food with parts that you can attach to your favorite vegetable to transform it into helicopters, submarines, racecars, and so on. A set of 14 parts that you can down-load and 3D print. www.lefabshop.fr

looper voice recorder. Hold down the red button to record, press the black button to play back, toggle the switch left for continuous play, and dial the knob to adjust the speed. Record time ± 30 seconds. Two AAA batteries included. www.momastore.org

“Ever tried.

Ever failed.

No matter.

Try again.

fail again.

fail better”.

–samuel Beckett. avant-garde novelist,

playwright, theatre director, and poet.

Source: 33 thoughts on reading austinkleon.com

10 thoughts on reading1. I will make time for reading, the way I make time for meals, or brushing my teeth.

2. I will read whatever interests me. I will read novels. I will read poems.I will read essays. I will read short stories. I will read memoirs. I will read magazines. I will read newspapers. I will read comic books. I will read self-help. I will read street signs. I will read ads. I will read instruction manuals. I will read old love letters. Etc.

4. I will not finish books I don’t like.

5. I will copy down favorite pas-sages in my own hand, to know what writing the words feels like.

6. I will take a deep breath and understand that it is ImpossIBlE to read everything.

7. I will ask people what they are reading. I will take notes.

8. as often as I can, I will read out loud to someone I care about.

9. I will not harbor/suffer the delu-sion that being a reader makes me a superior person.

10. If I don’t feel like reading, I’ll go do something else. maybe even —gasp!— watch Tv.

by austin Kleon

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The Bachelor of Travel and Tourism (BA) program prepares

students to choose from a variety of career paths within the industry. The students will develop the knowledge necessary and skills in production of maps, graphs, or regional statistical databases which are indispensable in this field. The Bachelor of Travel and Tourism (BA) program is offered online via distance learning. After evaluating both academic record and life experi-ence, AIU staff working in conjunction with Faculty and Academic Advisors will assist students in setting up a custom-made program, designed on an individual basis. This flexibility to meet student needs is seldom found in other distance learning programs. Our online program does not require all students to take the same sub-jects/courses, use the same books, or learning materials. Instead, the online Bachelor of Travel and Tourism (BA) curriculum is designed individually by the student and academic advisor.

It specifically addresses strengths and weaknesses with respect to market op-portunities in the student’s major and intended field of work. Understanding that industry and geographic factors should influence the content of the curriculum instead of a standardized one-fits-all design is the hallmark of AIU’s unique approach to adult educa-tion. This philosophy addresses the dynamic and constantly changing en-vironment of working professionals by helping adult students in reaching their professional and personal goals within the scope of the degree program.

IMPORTANT: Below is an example of the topics or areas you may develop and work on during your studies. By no means is it a complete or required list as AIU programs do not follow a standardized curriculum. It is meant solely as a reference point and example. Want to learn more about the curricu-lum design at AIU? go ahead and visit our website, especially the Course and

Curriculum section:www.aiu.edu/CourseCurriculum.html

Core Courses and TopicsTourism Economics Travel and Tourism Legislation Travel and Tourism English Tourism Marketing Tourism Development Planning Tourism and Environment Airlines Ticketing and Fares Construction Travel Trade Operations & Management Foreign LanguageTourism Measurement Organizational Behavior Accountancy & Financial Management Mathematics & Basic Statistics Tourism geography Computer Applications in Tourism Industrial Practice

orientation CoursesCommunication & Investigation (Comprehensive Resume)Organization Theory (Portfolio)Experiential Learning (Autobiography)Seminar Administrative Development (Book Summary)Seminar Cultural Development (Practical Experience)Seminar International Development (Publications)

Research ProjectBachelor Thesis Project MBM300 Thesis ProposalMBM302 Bachelor Thesis (5,000 words)

Publication Each Bachelor of Travel and Tourism graduate is encouraged to publish their research papers either online in the public domain or through professional journals and periodicals worldwide.

Skills for success• Well-organized, accurate, and

detail-oriented. • Professional and courteous when

dealing with travel representatives and clients.

• Good writing and interpersonal skills and sales abilities.

• Personal travel experience. • Business experience or training. • Computer skills.

Contact us to get startedSubmit your Online Application, paste your resume and any additional com-ments/questions in the area provided.www.aiu.edu/requestinfo.html?Request+Information=Request+Information

Pioneer Plaza/900 Fort Street Mall 40Honolulu, HI 96813800-993-0066 (Toll Free in US) 808-924-9567 (Internationally)

SCHool of SoCIAl AND HUMAN STUDIES

Travel and

Tourism

Bachelor of

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MISSIoN: To be a higher learning institution concerned about generat-ing cultural development alternatives likely to be sustained in order to lead to a more efficient administration of the world village and its environment; exerting human and community rights through diversity with the ultimate goal of the satisfaction and evolution of the world.

VISIoN: The empowerment of the individual towards the convergence of the world through a sustainable edu-cational design based on andragogy and omniology.

General Information. Atlantic International University offers distance learning degree programs for adult learners at the bachelors, masters, and doctoral level. With self paced program taken online, AIU lifts the obstacles that keep professional adults from completing their educational goals. Programs are available throughout a wide range of majors and areas of study. All of this with a philosophically holistic approach towards education fit-ting within the balance of your life and acknowledging the key role each individual can play in their community, country, and the world.

While national Accreditation is common for tradi-tional U.S. institutions of higher learning utilizing standard teaching methods, every country has its own standards and accrediting organizations. Accreditation is a voluntary process and does not guarantee a worthy education. Rather, it means an institution has submitted its courses, programs, budget, and educational objectives for review. AIU’s Distance Learning Programs are unique, non-tra-ditional and not accredited by the U.S. Department of Education. This may be a determining factor for those individuals interested in pursuing certain disciplines requiring State licensing, (such as law, teaching, or medicine). It is recommended that you consider the importance of national Accreditation for your specific field or profession.

Although Atlantic International Univer-sity’s individualized Distance Learning Degree Programs, are distinct from traditional educational institutions, we are convinced of their value and acceptance worldwide. non-traditional programs are important because they recognize knowledge gained outside the classroom and incorporate a broader more comprehensive view of the learning experience. Many great institutions are unac-credited. We invite you to compare our programs and philosophy with traditional classroom-based programs to determine which is best suited to your needs and budget.

AIU has chosen private accreditation through the Accrediting Commission International (ACI), obtained in 1999. ACI is not regulated or approved by the US Department of Education. ATLAnTIC

InTERnATIOnAL UnIVERSITy IS nOT ACCREDITED By An ACCREDITIng

AgEnCy RECOgnIzED By THE UnITED STATES SECRETARy OF EDUCATIOn. note: In the U.S., many licensing authorities require accredited degrees as the basis for eligibility for licensing. In some cases, accredited colleges may not accept for transfer courses and degrees completed at unac-credited colleges, and some employers may require an accredited degree as a basis for eligibility for employment.

AIU is incorporated in the state of Hawaii. As a University based in the U.S., AIU meets all state and federal laws of the United States. There is no dis-tinction between the programs offered through AIU and those of traditional campus based programs with regards to the following: your degree, transcript and other graduation documents from AIU follow the same standard used by all U.S. colleges and uni-versities. AIU graduation documents can include an apostille and authentication from the U.S. Depart-ment of State to facilitate their use internationally. Authentication from the U.S. Department of State is a process that will ultimately bind a letter signed by the U.S. Secretary of State (permanently with a metal ring) to your graduation documents.

If a student outside the U.S. wishes to carry out a particular procedure within a country’s Department of Education regarding their degree earned at AIU, such procedures are to be carried out independently by the student. AIU respects the unique rules and regulations of each country and does not intervene or influence the respective authorities. We recommend prospective students who intend to carry out such procedures outside the U.S. to verify in detail the steps and require-ments needed in order to be fully informed.

The AIU Difference Mission & Vision

Accreditation

organizational Structure

Dr. Franklin ValcinPresident/Academic Dean

Dr. José MercadoChief Executive Officer

Dr. Ricardo GonzálezProvost

Ricardo GonzálezChief Financial Officer

Dr. Jack RosenzweigEducational Dean

Jaime RotlewiczDean of Admissions

Clara MargalefDirector of International

Relations

Ofelia HernandezDirector of AIU

Juan Pablo MorenoDirector of Operations

Miqueas VirgileIT Director

Edward LambertAcademic Coordinator

Ariadna RomeroAcademic Coordinator

Carlos AponteTelecommunications

Coordinator

Rosie PerezFinance Coordinator

Linda CollazoStudent Services Coordinator

Kingsley ZeleeIT Coordinator

Maria SerranoLogistics Coordinator

Amalia AldrettAdmissions Coordinator

Alba OchoaAdmissions Coordinator

Sandra GarciaAdmissions Coordinator

Veronica AmuzAdmissions Coordinator

Monica SerranoRegistrar Office

Nadia GabaldonStudent Services Supervisor

Daritza yslaAccounting Coordinator

Mario CruzAdministrative Coordinator

yolanda LlorenteAdministrative Assistant

Nadia BaileyAcademic Tutor

Silvia StabioAcademic Tutor

Liliana PenarandaAcademic Tutor

Renata Da SilvaAcademic Tutor

Junko ShimizuAcademic Tutor

It is acknowledged that the act of learn-ing is endogenous, (from within), rather than exogenous. This fact is the underly-ing rationale for “Distance Learning”, in all of the programs offered by AIU.

The combination of the underlying principles of student “self instruction”, (with guidance), collaborative develop-ment of curriculum unique to each stu-dent, and flexibility of time and place of study, provides the ideal learning en-vironment to satisfy individual needs. AIU is an institution of experiential learning and nontraditional education at a distance. There are no classrooms and attendance is not required.

fACUlTy AND STAff PAGE: aiu.edu/FacultyStaff.html

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The School of Business and Econom-ics allows aspiring and practicing professionals, managers, and entrepre-neurs in the private and public sectors to complete a self paced distance learning degree program of the highest academic standard.

The ultimate goal is to empower learners and help them take advantage of the enormous array of resources from the world environment in order to eliminate the current continuum of poverty and limitations.

Degree programs are designed for those students whose professional

The School of Social and Human Stud-ies is focused on to the development of studies which instill a core commitment to building a society based on social and economic justice and enhancing oppor-tunities for human well being.

The founding principles lie on the basic right of education as outlined in the Declaration of Human Rights. We instill in our students a sense of confidence and self reliance in their ability to access the vast opportunities available through information chan-nels, the world wide web, private, pub-lic, nonprofit, and nongovernmental

experience has been in business, marketing, administration, economics, finance and management.

Areas of study: Accounting, Advertis-ing, Banking, Business Administration, Communications, Ecommerce, Finance, Foreign Affairs, Home Economics, Human Resources, International Busi-ness, International Finance, Investing, globalization, Marketing, Management, Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Public Administrations, Sustainable Development, Public Relations, Tele-communications, Tourism, Trade.

organizations in an ever expanding global community.

Degree programs are aimed towards those whose professional life has been related to social and human behavior, with the arts, or with cultural studies.

Areas of Study: Psychology, Inter-national Affairs, Sociology, Political Sciences, Architecture, Legal Stud-ies, Public Administration, Literature and languages, Art History, Ministry, African Studies, Middle Eastern Stud-ies, Asian Studies, European Studies, Islamic Studies, Religious Studies.

School of Business and Economics School of Social and Human Studies

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The School of Science and Engineering seeks to provide dynamic, integrated, and challenging degree programs designed for those whose experience is in industrial research, scientific pro-duction, engineering and the general sciences. Our system for research and education will keep us apace with the twenty-first century reach scientific advance in an environmentally and ecologically responsible manner to al-low for the sustainability of the human population. We will foster among our students a demand for ethical behavior, an appreciation for diversity, an un-derstanding of scientific investigation,

With access to a global catalog created and maintained collectively by more than 9,000 participating institutions, AIU students have secured excellent research tools for their study programs.

The AIU online library contains over 2 billion records and over 300 million bibliographic records that are increasing day by day. The sources spanning thou-sands of years and virtually all forms of human expression. There are files of all kinds, from antique inscribed stones to e-books, form wax engravings to MP3s, DVDs and websites. In addition to the archives, the library AIU Online offers electronic access to more than 149,000 e-books, dozens of databases and more than 13 million full-text articles with pictures included. Being able to access 60 databases and 2393 periodicals with more than 18 million items, guarantees the information required to perform the assigned research project. Users will find that many files are enriched with artistic creations on the covers, indexes, re-views, summaries and other information. The records usually have information attached from important libraries. The user can quickly assess the relevance of the information and decide if it is the right source.

knowledge of design innovation, a critical appreciation for the importance of technology and technological change for the advancement of humanity.

Areas of Study: Mechanical Engineer-ing, Industrial Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electri-cal Engineering, Computer Engineer-ing, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Math-ematics, Communications, Petroleum Science, Information Technology, Telecommunications, nutrition Sci-ence, Agricultural Science, Computer Science, Sports Science, Renewable Energy, geology, Urban Planning.

School of Science and Engineering online library Resources

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AIU is striving to regain the significance of the concept of education, which is rooted into the Latin “educare”, meaning “to pull out”, breaking loose from the paradigm of most 21st century universities with their focus on “digging and placing information” into students’ heads rather than teaching them to think.

For AIU, the generation of “clones” that some tra-ditional universities are spreading throughout the real world is one of the most salient reasons for today’s ills. In fact, students trained at those educational institu-tions never feel a desire to “change the world” or the current status quo; instead, they adjust to the environ-ment, believe everything is fine, and are proud of it all.

IN A woRlD where knowledge and mostly informa-tion expire just like milk, we must reinvent university as a whole in which each student, as the key player, is UnIQUE within an intertwined environment.

This century’s university must generate new knowledge bits although this may entail its separation from both the administrative bureaucracy and the faculty that evolve there as well.

AIU thinks that a university should be increasingly integrated into the “real world”, society, the economy, and the holistic human being. As such, it should con-centrate on its ultimate goal, which is the student, and get him/her deeply immersed into a daily praxis of paradigm shifts, along with the Internet and research, all these being presently accessible only to a small minority of the world community.

AIU students must accomplish their self-learning mission while conceptualizing it as the core of daily life values through the type of experiences that lead

to a human being’s progress when information is con-verted into education.

The entire AIU family must think of the university as a setting that values diversity and talent in a way that trains mankind not only for the present but above all for a future that calls everyday for professionals who empower themselves in academic and profes-sional areas highly in demand in our modern society.

We shall not forget that, at AIU, students are responsible for discovering their own talents and po-tential, which they must auto-develop in such a way that the whole finish product opens up as a flower that blossoms every year more openly.

THE AIU STANCE is against the idea of the cam-pus as a getaway from day-to-day pressure since we believe reality is the best potential-enhancer ever; one truly learns through thinking, brainstorming ideas, which leads to new solutions, and ultimately the rebirth of a human being fully integrated in a sustain-able world environment. Self-learning is actualized more from within than a top-down vantage point, that is to say, to influence instead of requesting, ideas more than power. We need to create a society where solidar-ity, culture, life, not political or economic rationalism and more than techno structures, are prioritized. In short, the characteristics of AIU students and alumni remain independence, creativity, self-confidence, and ability to take risk towards new endeavors. This is about people’s worth based not on what they know but on what they do with what they know.

Read more at: aiu.edu

AIU offers educational opportunities in the USA to adults from around the world so that they can use their own potential to manage their personal, global cultural development. The foundational axis of our philosophy lies upon self-actualized knowledge and information, with no room for obsoleteness, which is embedded into a DISTAnCE LEARnIng SySTEM based on AnDRA-gOgy and OMnIOLOgy. The ultimate goal of this paradigm is to empower learners and help them take advantage of the enormous array of resources from the world environment in order to eliminate the current continuum of poverty and limitations.

This will become a crude reality with respect for, and practice of, human and community rights through experiences, investigations, practicum work, and/or examinations. Everything takes place in a setting that fosters diversity; with advisors and consultants with doctorate degrees and specializations in Human Development monitor learning processes, in addition to a worldwide web of colleagues and associations, so that they can reach the satisfaction and the progress of humanity with peace and harmony.

Contact us to get startednow, it’s possible to earn your degree in the comfort of your own home. For additional information or to see if you qualify for admissions please contact us.

Pioneer Plaza / 900 Fort Street Mall 40Honolulu, HI 96813800-993-0066 (Toll Free in US) [email protected] (Internationally) www.aiu.eduonline application: www.aiu.edu/apply3_phone.aspx

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