Can machine fall in love?Data & Techno politics towards social-ecological justice
5th Graduate Student Monthly Sustainability SeminarCenter for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Science, IPB UniversityBogor, 17th February 2020
Irendra Radjawali
100 Mio – 1,6 Mio Rupiah / Month130 Mio – 2,1 Bio Rupiah / Month
THE RISE OF DIGITAL BILLIONAIRES
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
INSTANT SOCIETY / SCREEN SOCIETY ! ➔ literacy rate 1 page in 15 days & only 1 out of 1000 Indonesians reads book regularly
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
The Fourth Industrial Revolution describes the exponential changes to the way we live, work and relate to one another due to the adoption of cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Thingsand the Internet of Systems.
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Harari calls it “the rise of the useless class” and
ranks it as one of the most dire threats of the 21st
century. In a nutshell, as artificial intelligence gets
smarter, more humans are pushed out of the job
market. No one knows what to study at college,
because no one knows what skills learned at 20 will
be relevant at 40. Before you know it, billions of
people are useless, not through chance but by
definition.
PERPETUAL DISRUPTION [or DISTRACTION?]
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Sustainability means meeting our own needs without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs. In addition to natural resources, we also
need social and economic resources. Sustainability is not
just environmental-ism. Embedded in most definitions of
sustainability we also find concerns for social equity and
economic development
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
"development which meets the needs of
the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their
own needs".
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Sustainable Development
“the earth doesn’t belong to man, man belongs to earth. Humankind has not attributed to the web of life. We are but one thread within it. Whatever we do to the web wo do to ourselves. All things bound together, all things connect.
Chief Seattle, 1854
Introduction The Challenges Epistemic Injustice
Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Hutan seperti ibu kami yang memberikan kami makan dan udara untuk bernafas. Hutanmenjadi bagian hidup kami yang akan selalu kami jaga.
Apay Janggut – Suai Utik, Kalimantan Barat.
Introduction The Challenges Epistemic Injustice
Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Testimonial injustice is unfairness related to trusting
someone's word. An injustice of this kind occurs
when someone is ignored or not believed because
they are a woman, because they are black, or
broadly, because of their identity.
Hermeneutical injustice is, roughly speaking, injustice
related to how people interpret their experiences.
In the 1970s, the name "sexual harassment" was
introduced as a label for something that many people,
especially women, had experienced since time
immemorial. Imagine a woman who is sexually
harassed in the 1960s, before the concept was
introduced. She may have difficulty putting her
experience into words. The difficulty that she faces is
no accident. It is due to women's exclusion from full
participation in the shaping of the English language.
EPISTEMIC INJUSTICE
Introduction The Challenges Epistemic Injustice
Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Information Manipulation Intentional and
massive dissemination of false or biased
news for hostile political purposes
Disinformation The intentional
dissemination of information that is
wholly or partly false
Misinformation The unintentional
dissemination of information that is
wholly or partly false
Introduction The Challenges Information Manipulation
Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Arson : a person who intentionally starts a fire in order
to damage or destroy something [Cambridge
Dictionary]
"We found many accounts using #ArsonEmergency
were behaving 'suspiciously' compared to those using
#AustraliaFire and #BushfireAustralia” [Graham &
Keller, 2020]
Accounts peddling #ArsonEmergency carried out
activity similar to what we’ve witnessed in past
disinformation campaigns, such as the co-ordinated
behaviour of Russian trolls during the 2016 US
presidential election.“
Introduction The Challenges Information Manipulation
Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Pictures from 2018 of school-students set a
fire, spread in the internet [online social media]
during the 2020 Australia bush-fire – Viraling
#ArsonEmergency, Obscuring the impact of
climate change
Dexter's story was picked up by Twitter
accounts and Facebook groups that shared it
as "proof" that this summer's bushfires were
the result of criminal activity rather than an
environmental and meteorological phenomena.
It was a case of taking news out of its original
context and deploying it for other purposes.
Introduction The Challenges Information Manipulation
Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Some of the false information is simply shared in error in the
urgency of the moment. An image of Australia seemingly on
fire derived from compiled satellite data was shared by singer
Rihanna to her 95 million followers on Twitter. At a glance, it
looks like a satellite photo, but it is instead a graphical
representation of fires over time.
Introduction The Challenges Information Manipulation
Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Pres. Jair Bolsonaro, without evidence, has blamed NGOs
disgruntled at losing international Amazon funding. He
also accused state governors for not fighting the fires.
One ruralist even blamed ICMBio (Brazil’s national park
service) for setting the blazes, though she has since
been charged with setting fires in a protected area.
Conservationists put the blame squarely on Bolsonaro
and his deregulation and defunding of government
institutions, including IBAMA, Brazil’s environmental
enforcement agency, which used to regularly fight fires
and arrest perpetrators.
IBAMA claims that, though warned days in advance of
“A Day of Fire” in Pará state, it received no law
enforcement backup from federal or state authorities.
This allowed ruralists (radical agricultural advocates) in
Altamira and Novo Progresso to set hundreds of fires on
August 10-11, with little fear of fines or prosecution.
Introduction The Challenges Information Manipulation
Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
▪ Research “The political ecology of Kapuas River,
West Kalimantan, Indonesia”
▪ Partnering with University of Tanjungpura
Pontianak, Borneo Tribune Institute, Lembaga
Gemawan, Swandiri Institute, FAMKI (Forum
Aliansi Masyarakat Korban Investasi) – Sintang
▪ Developing Participatory Hydro Political Appraisal
[PHPA] – Action Research in 7 villages
▪ Community Research Group(CRG), River
Transect
Ketungau Hilir Meliau
Menua Sadap
Ambalau
Serawai
Tayan
Pontianak
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Concession Investment
based on land and forest
Size (Ha) Proportion (%)
Oil Palm 4.962.022,28 33 %
Logging Concession
2.808.902 19 %
Forest Estate 6.581.911 44 %
Mining Concession
5.074.338,81 34 %
Total 19.427.173,09 130 %
“Contested Space” in West Kalimantan
▪ “Virtual Land Grabbing”
▪ Disposession, Conflicts, …
▪ Law Abuse (i.e. Law No. 41 / 1999 on
Forestry)
▪ Land banking
▪ Rather in-transparent spatial planning
Administrative Size of West Kalimantan
Province: ~ 14 Mio Ha
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Customary Forest Mapping
▪ 5,000 Ha Customary Forest in Biak, Papua
▪ Cooperation with Local Community Groups
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
COUNTER MAPPINGWITH COMMUNITY DRONES
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Some people feel the rain, the others just get wet
TRAFFIC COUNTING
Introduction The Challenges Drone Counter Mapping Discussion
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Introduction The Challenges Drone Counter Mapping Discussion
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index / NDVI
Measuring plants’ stress level
33
PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Introduction The Challenges Drone Counter Mapping Discussion
▪ Identifying stress level of individual plants
▪ Anticipating the harvest failure
▪ Super-high resolution
▪ Low cost
PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Introduction The Challenges Drone Counter Mapping Discussion
THERMAL IMAGING
Introduction The Challenges Drone Counter Mapping Discussion
L’essentielle est invisible pour les yeux
The essential one is invisible for the eyes
„We map-makers must make a point of demolishing the illusion that there can be an official, universally accepted representation of the world’s political divisions“. (Rekacewicz2007: 226)
THE FUTURE OF CRITICAL [EMANCIPATORY] CARTOGRAPHY & COUNTER MAPPING
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Volume | Velocity | Variety | Veracity |
Variability | Viability | ValuePOLITICS OF BIG DATA & TECHNOLOGY
▪ Data Fetishism
▪ Data Ownership
▪ Data Acquisition – Data Analytics – Data Articulation
▪ Para Data
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Antoni Gutiérrez-Rubí defines technopolitics as "political action, political communication, and – partly -political management, through technology." He means proximity technology, that of personal devices - mobile phones, computers, tablets -, an extraordinarily powerful, flexible, friendly and versatile technology, with fewer and fewer entry barriers and increasing potential.
Politics of technology [& data]
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
MACHINE LEARNING / ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED
IMAGE CLASSIFICATION & ANALYTICS
ALGORITHM POLITICS
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
CUT & FILL CALCULATION
ALGORITHM POLITICS
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
IMAGE CLASSIFICATION
ALGORITHM POLITICS
Introduction The Challenges Drone Counter Mapping Discussion
Politics of knowledge [re]production
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Weapons of the weak vis-à-vis elite capture
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
Introduction The Challenges Data & Techno Politics Discussion
When machines are smarter than human [AI], count faster than human [calculator], more precise than human, then what is human?
Empathy, Creativity, Craziness, Love …
The ultimate sophistication is simplicity